{"id":13778,"date":"2018-02-15T03:00:05","date_gmt":"2018-02-15T02:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/?p=13778"},"modified":"2022-02-21T17:57:01","modified_gmt":"2022-02-21T16:57:01","slug":"sustitutos-interrogativos-estructura-yi-wei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/sustitutos-interrogativos-estructura-yi-wei\/","title":{"rendered":"Los sustitutos interrogativos y la estructura \u4ee5…\u4e3a en chino"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Los<\/p>\n

Los sustitutos interrogativos\u8c01 (sh\u00e9i\/shu\u00ed)\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48 (sh\u00e9nme)\uff0c\u54ea (n\u01ce) <\/h2>\n

Los sustitutos interrogativos son muy similares a las \u201cwh \u2013 question words\u201d en ingl\u00e9s o a los pronombres interrogativos en italiano. Cuando se usan sustitutos interrogativos, el orden de la oraci\u00f3n no cambia.<\/p>\n

El sustituto interrogativo, de hecho, reemplaza la palabra que deber\u00eda estar en la respuesta. Cuando se formula una pregunta mediante el uso de sustitutos interrogativos, \u5417 nunca debe colocarse al final de la oraci\u00f3n. <\/p>\n

\u8c01 (sh\u00e9i\/ shu\u00ed) \u201cqui\u00e9n\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u662f\u8c01\uff1f\u4ed6\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u3002
\nT\u0101 sh\u00ec sh\u00e9i? T\u0101 sh\u00ec w\u01d2men de l\u01ceosh\u012b.
\n\u00bfQui\u00e9n es? Es nuestro profesor.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u60f3\u8ddf\u8c01\u53bb\uff1f\u6211\u60f3\u8ddf\u6211\u5988\u5988\u53bb\u3002
\nN\u01d0 xi\u01ceng g\u0113n sh\u00e9i q\u00f9? W\u01d2 xi\u01ceng g\u0113n w\u01d2 m\u0101ma q\u00f9.
\n\u00bfCon qui\u00e9n quieres ir? Quiero ir con mi madre.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u53bb\u8c01\u90a3\u91cc\uff1f\u6211\u53bb\u670b\u53cb\u90a3\u91cc\u3002
\nN\u01d0 q\u00f9 sh\u00e9i n\u00e0li? W\u01d2 q\u00f9 p\u00e9ngyou n\u00e0li.
\n\u00bfA d\u00f3nde vas? Voy con mis amigos.<\/p>\n

Ten en cuenta que \u8c01 (sh\u00e9i) tambi\u00e9n se puede insertar en oraciones afirmativas y en negativas con el valor, respectivamente, de \u201ctodos\u201d y de \u201cninguno\u201d. \u8c01 debe ir seguido de \u90fd (d\u014du) \u201ctodos\u201d o \u4e5f (y\u011b) \u201ctambi\u00e9n\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8c01\u90fd\u8981\u53bb\u3002
\nSh\u00e9i d\u014du y\u00e0o q\u00f9.
\nTodos deben irse.\t<\/p>\n

\u8c01\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u53bb\u3002
\nSh\u00e9i y\u011b b\u00f9 xi\u01ceng q\u00f9.
\nNadie quiere irse.<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48 (sh\u00e9nme) \u201cqu\u00e9, cu\u00e1l\u201d
\n\u54ea (n\u01ce) \u201ccu\u00e1l\u201d<\/p>\n

Tanto \u4ec0\u4e48 como \u54ea expresan el significado de \u201c\u00bfcu\u00e1l?\u201d. La diferencia sustancial reside en el hecho de que \u54ea debe ir seguido del clasificador y, adem\u00e1s, la respuesta es limitada, mientras que con \u4ec0\u4e48 no hay l\u00edmites. Observa la diferencia en las siguientes oraciones: <\/p>\n

\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u770b\u54ea\u672c\u4e66\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 x\u01d0huan k\u00e0n n\u01ce b\u011bn sh\u016b?
\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 libro te gusta leer?\t\t(La elecci\u00f3n es limitada)\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u770b\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e66\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 x\u01d0huan k\u00e0n sh\u00e9nme sh\u016b?
\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de libros te gusta leer? (La elecci\u00f3n puede no tener l\u00edmites).<\/p>\n

Veamos otros ejemplos:<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u660e\u5929\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6211\u660e\u5929\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u8ddf\u8001\u5e08\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002
\nN\u01d0 m\u00edngti\u0101n z\u00e0i xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o zu\u00f2 sh\u00e9nme? W\u01d2 m\u00edngti\u0101n z\u00e0i xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o g\u0113n l\u01ceosh\u012b shu\u014d hu\u00e0.
\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 har\u00e1s ma\u00f1ana en la escuela? Ma\u00f1ana en la escuela hablar\u00e9 con el profesor.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u6765\u8fd9\u91cc\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 sh\u00e9nme sh\u00edhou l\u00e1i zh\u00e8l\u01d0?
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo vienes?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u60f3\u4e70\u54ea\u4ef6\u8863\u670d\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 xi\u01ceng m\u01cei n\u01ce ji\u00e0n y\u012bfu?
\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 vestido quieres comprar?<\/p>\n

\u8336\u3001\u5496\u5561\uff0c\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u559d\u54ea\u79cd\uff1f
\nCh\u00e1, k\u0101f\u0113i, n\u01d0 x\u01d0huan h\u0113 n\u01ce zh\u01d2ng?
\nT\u00e9, caf\u00e9, \u00bfqu\u00e9 prefieres tomar?<\/p>\n

Ten en cuenta que tanto \u4ec0\u4e48 como \u54ea pueden usarse en oraciones afirmativas y negativas con el significado de \u201ctodo\u201d y \u201cnada\u201d. Tambi\u00e9n \u4ec0\u4e48 y \u54ea deben ir seguidos de \u90fd (d\u014du) \u201ctodos\u201d o \u4e5f (y\u011b) \u201ctambi\u00e9n\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u61c2\u3002
\nT\u0101 sh\u00e9nme sh\u00ecqing d\u014du d\u01d2ng.\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\nLo entiende todo.\t\t<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e66\u90fd\u559c\u6b22\u770b\u3002
\nW\u01d2 sh\u00e9nme sh\u016b d\u014du x\u01d0huan k\u00e0n.
\nMe gusta leer toda clase de libros.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u59b9\u59b9\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u505a\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u00e8imei sh\u00e9nme y\u011b b\u00f9 xi\u01ceng zu\u00f2.
\nMi hermana no quiere hacer nada.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7238\u7238\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e5f\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u3002
\nW\u01d2 b\u00e0ba sh\u00e9nme y\u00f9nd\u00f2ng y\u011b b\u00f9 x\u01d0huan.
\nA mi padre no le gusta ning\u00fan deporte.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8001\u5e08\u5199\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u54ea\u672c\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u3002
\nW\u01d2 l\u01ceosh\u012b xi\u011b de sh\u016b, n\u01ce b\u011bn d\u014du h\u011bn y\u01d2uy\u00ecsi.
\nLos libros escritos por mi profesor son todos interesantes.<\/p>\n

Estas construcciones en particular pueden ser muy \u00fatiles:<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9 (sh\u00e9nme d\u00ecfang) + \u90fd (d\u014du)\/ \u4e5f (y\u011b) \u201ccualquier parte\u201d<\/p>\n

\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u5f88\u6f02\u4eae\u3002
\nY\u00ecd\u00e0l\u00ec sh\u00e9nme d\u00ecfang d\u014du h\u011bn pi\u00e0oliang.
\nEn Italia, cualquier lugar es bello.<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9 (sh\u00e9nme d\u00ecfang) + \u90fd (d\u014du)\/ \u4e5f (y\u011b) + \u4e0d (b\u00f9) \u201cninguna parte\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u53bb\u3002
\nXi\u01ceo h\u00e1izi sh\u00e9nme d\u00ecfang y\u011b b\u00f9 xi\u01ceng q\u00f9.
\nEl ni\u00f1o no quiere ir a ninguna parte.<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019 (sh\u00e9nme sh\u00edhou) + \u90fd (d\u014du)\/ \u4e5f (y\u011b) \u201csiempre, en cualquier momento\u201d<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\uff1f
\nW\u01d2 sh\u00e9nme sh\u00edhou k\u011by\u01d0 q\u00f9?
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo puedo ir?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u3002
\nN\u01d0 sh\u00e9nme sh\u00edhou d\u014du k\u011by\u01d0 q\u00f9.
\nEn cualquier momento.<\/p>\n

El sustituto interrogativo \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 (w\u00e8i sh\u00e9nme) <\/h2>\n

El sustituto interrogativo \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 (w\u00e8i sh\u00e9nme) es uno de los m\u00e1s importantes, ya que nos permite crear la oraci\u00f3n interrogativa m\u00e1s utilizada: \u201c\u00bfPor qu\u00e9…?\u201d <\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48(w\u00e8i sh\u00e9nme) \u201c\u00bfpor qu\u00e9?\u201d suele ir en dos posiciones: justo antes del sujeto o justo despu\u00e9s del sujeto y el posible adverbio de tiempo.
\nPara responder a las frases con la pregunta \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 \u201c\u00bfpor qu\u00e9?\u201d, se usa \u56e0\u4e3a (y\u012bnw\u00e8i) \u201cporque\u201d. Para aclaranos, \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 \u201c\u00bfpor qu\u00e9?\u201d equivale al \u201cwhy\u201d ingl\u00e9s, mientras que \u56e0\u4e3a (y\u012bnw\u00e8i) \u201cporque\u201d ser\u00eda \u201cbecause\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u6628\u5929\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6765\u4e0a\u8bfe\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u5934\u75bc\u3002
\nN\u01d0 zu\u00f3ti\u0101n w\u00e8i sh\u00e9nme m\u00e9i l\u00e1i sh\u00e0ng ke?Y\u012bnw\u00e8i w\u01d2 t\u00f3u t\u00e9ng.
\n\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 no viniste a clase ayer? Porque ten\u00eda dolor de cabeza.<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f60\u6628\u5929\u6ca1\u53c2\u52a0\u4f60\u5988\u5988\u7684\u751f\u65e5\u6d3e\u5bf9\uff1f
\nW\u00e8i sh\u00e9nme n\u01d0 zu\u00f3ti\u0101n m\u00e9i c\u0101nji\u0101 n\u01d0 m\u0101ma de sh\u0113ngri pa\u00ecdu\u00ec?
\n\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 no participaste ayer en la fiesta de cumplea\u00f1os de tu madre?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd8\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u5728\u7b49\u7740\u670b\u53cb\u3002
\nN\u01d0 w\u00e8i sh\u00e9nme h\u00e1i z\u00e0i zh\u00e8l\u01d0? Y\u012bnw\u00e8i w\u01d2 z\u00e0i d\u011bng zhe p\u00e9ngyou.
\n\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 sigues aqu\u00ed? Porque estoy esperando a mis amigos.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u5b66\u65e5\u8bed\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u5b66\u4e2d\u6587\u3002
\nN\u01d0 w\u00e8i sh\u00e9nme b\u00f9 xu\u00e9 r\u00ecy\u01d4? Y\u012bnw\u00e8i w\u01d2 xu\u00e9 zh\u014dngw\u00e9n.
\n\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 no estudias japon\u00e9s? Porque estudio chino.<\/p>\n

Los sustitutos interrogativos \u51e0 (j\u01d0)\uff0c\u591a\u5c11 (du\u014dshao)\uff0c\u591a (du\u014d) <\/h2>\n

Los sustitutos interrogativos \u51e0 (j\u01d0) y\u591a\u5c11 (du\u014dshao) expresan el significado de \u201c\u00bfcu\u00e1ntos?\u201d. Hay dos diferencias: la primera es que \u51e0 se refiere a un n\u00famero comprendido entre 1 y 9<\/a>, mientras que \u591a\u5c11 ser\u00eda de 10 en adelante; la segunda reside en la presencia o ausencia del clasificador<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Tras \u51e0 siempre se debe insertar el clasificador adecuado; con \u591a\u5c11, el clasificador se puede omitir. <\/p>\n

\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\uff1f
\nJi\u00e0osh\u00ec l\u01d0 y\u01d2u j\u01d0 ge xu\u00e9sheng?
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos alumnos hay en clase?\t\t<\/p>\n

\u4e66\u5305\u91cc\u6709\u51e0\u672c\u4e66\uff1f
\nSh\u016bb\u0101o l\u01d0 y\u01d2u j\u01d0 b\u011bn sh\u016b?
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos libros hay en la carpeta?<\/p>\n

\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u6709\u516b\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u3002
\nJi\u00e0osh\u00ec l\u01d0 y\u01d2u b\u0101 ge xu\u00e9sheng.
\nHay ocho alumnos en clase.<\/p>\n

\u4e66\u5305\u91cc\u6709\u4e09\u672c\u4e66\u3002
\nSh\u016bb\u0101o l\u01d0 y\u01d2u s\u0101n b\u011bn sh\u016b.
\nHay tres libros en la carpeta.<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u51e0\u70b9\u4e86\uff1f
\nXi\u00e0nz\u00e0i j\u01d0 di\u01cen le?
\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 hora es (ahora)?<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u5e74\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5929\uff1f\u4e00\u5929\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5206\u949f\uff1f
\nY\u012b ni\u00e1n y\u01d2u du\u014dshao ti\u0101n? Y\u012b ti\u0101n y\u01d2u du\u014dshao ge xi\u01ceosh\u00ed? Y\u012b ge xi\u01ceosh\u00ed y\u01d2u du\u014dshao f\u0113nzh\u014dng?
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos d\u00edas hay en un a\u00f1o? \u00bfCu\u00e1ntas horas hay en un d\u00eda? \u00bfCu\u00e1ntos minutos hay en una hora?<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u6821\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5b66\u751f\uff1f
\nZh\u00e8ge xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o y\u01d2u du\u014dshao xu\u00e9sheng?
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos alumnos hay en esta escuela?<\/p>\n

\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u82f9\u679c\uff1f
\nZhu\u014dzi shang y\u01d2u j\u01d0 ge p\u00ednggu\u01d2?
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1ntas manzanas hay en la mesa?<\/p>\n

Al hacer una pregunta con la expectativa de que la respuesta sea un n\u00famero, por ejemplo el n\u00famero de una habitaci\u00f3n de hotel, se usa \u51e0 o \u591a\u5c11, pero no \u4ec0\u4e48.<\/p>\n

\u6bdb\u8001\u5e08\u4f4f\u51e0\u697c\u51e0\u53f7\uff1f\u4ed6\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f
\nM\u00e1o l\u01ceosh\u012b zh\u00f9 j\u01d0 l\u00f3u j\u01d0 h\u00e0o? T\u0101 de di\u00e0nhu\u00e0 h\u00e0om\u01ce sh\u00ec du\u014dshao?
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la planta y el n\u00famero de la habitaci\u00f3n donde vive el profesor Mao? \u00bfCu\u00e1l es su n\u00famero de tel\u00e9fono? <\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u8c01\u77e5\u9053\uff1f
\n\u00e8rsh\u00ed de y\u012b b\u00e0n sh\u00ec du\u014dshao? Sh\u00e9i zh\u012bdao?
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la mitad de 20? \u00bfQui\u00e9n lo sabe?<\/p>\n

Cuando \u51e0 va seguido de un clasificador, tambi\u00e9n se puede usar para indicar \u201cun poco\/algo\u201d.<\/p>\n

Cuando \u51e0 va seguido de n\u00fameros de dos cifras en adelante \u201cdiez, doce, veinte, cien, mil\u2026\u201d se traduce como \u201cdecenas, docenas, centenas, miles\u2026\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u51e0\u5bb6\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3002
\nZh\u00e8l\u01d0 y\u01d2u j\u01d0 ji\u0101 b\u00f9 cu\u00f2 de t\u00fash\u016bgu\u01cen.
\nHay algunas bibliotecas que no est\u00e1n nada mal.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4e66\u5305\u91cc\u6709\u51e0\u5341\u652f\u7b14\u3002
\nT\u0101 sh\u016bb\u0101o l\u01d0 y\u01d2u j\u01d0 sh\u00ed zh\u012b b\u01d0.
\nHay docenas de plumas en su cartera.<\/p>\n

\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7R\u00b7R\u00b7\u9a6c\u4e01\u5199\u4e86\u51e0\u672c\u4e66\u3002
\nQi\u00e1ozh\u00ec\u00b7R\u00b7R\u00b7M\u01ced\u012bng xi\u011b le j\u01d0 b\u011bn sh\u016b.
\nGeorge R.R. Martin escribi\u00f3 algunos libros.<\/p>\n

\u591a (du\u014d) \u201ccu\u00e1nto (c\u00f3mo de)\u201d va siempre seguido de un adjetivo predicativo<\/a>. Al mismo tiempo, \u6709 (y\u01d2u) \u201chaber\/ser\u201d puede usarse antes de \u591a cuando la oraci\u00f3n se usa para describir a un sustantivo.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u591a\u5927\uff1f
\nT\u0101 de f\u00e1ngzi du\u014d d\u00e0?
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo de grande es tu casa?\t<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff1f
\nT\u0101 de f\u00e1ngzi y\u01d2u du\u014d d\u00e0?
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo de grande es tu casa?\t<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5bb6\u79bb\u5b66\u6821\u591a\u8fdc\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 ji\u0101 l\u00ed xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o du\u014d yu\u01cen?
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo de lejos est\u00e1 tu casa de la escuela?\t<\/p>\n

\u8981\u8d70\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff1f
\nY\u00e0o z\u01d2u du\u014d ch\u00e1ng sh\u00edji\u0101n?
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1nto tiempo debo andar?<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6761\u88e4\u5b50\u6709\u591a\u957f\uff1f
\nZh\u00e8 ti\u00e1o k\u00f9zi y\u01d2u du\u014d ch\u00e1ng?
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1nto mide este pantal\u00f3n? <\/p>\n

\u5979\u591a\u9ad8\uff1f
\nT\u0101 du\u014d g\u0101o?
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1nto mide ella?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 y\u01d2u du\u014d d\u00e0?
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos a\u00f1os tienes?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u7684\u7537\u670b\u53cb\u591a\u91cd\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 de n\u00e1n p\u00e9ngyou du\u014d zh\u00f2ng?
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1nto pesa tu novio?\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u5ea7\u5c71\u6709\u591a\u9ad8\uff1f
\nN\u00e0 zu\u00f2 sh\u0101n y\u01d2u du\u014d g\u0101o?
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1nto mide esa monta\u00f1a?<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u7537\u670b\u53cb\u670985\u516c\u65a4\u3002
\nW\u01d2 de n\u00e1n p\u00e9ngyou y\u01d2u 85 g\u014dngj\u00ecn.
\nMi novio pesa 85 kg.\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u5ea7\u5c71\u6709500\u7c73\u3002
\nN\u00e0 zu\u00f2 sh\u0101n y\u01d2u 500 m\u01d0.
\nEsa monta\u00f1a mide 500 metros.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6761\u8857\u6709\u591a\u5bbd\uff1f
\nZh\u00e8 ti\u00e1o ji\u0113 y\u01d2u du\u014d ku\u0101n?
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo de larga es esta calle?<\/p>\n<\/h2>\n

Los sustitutos interrogativos \u600e\u4e48 (z\u011bnme)\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u6837 (z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng) <\/h2>\n

El sustituto \u600e\u4e48 (z\u011bnme) \u201cpor qu\u00e9\/c\u00f3mo\u201d se puede usar para preguntar la forma de hacer algo o la raz\u00f3n de algo.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u597d\u50cf\u4e0d\u9ad8\u5174\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u4e86\uff1f
\nT\u0101 h\u01ceo xi\u00e0ng b\u00f9 g\u0101ox\u00ecng, z\u011bnme le?
\nNo parece feliz, \u00bfqu\u00e9 ha pasado?<\/p>\n

\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u600e\u4e48\u5199\uff1f
\nL\u01ceosh\u012b, zh\u00e8 ge h\u00e0nz\u00ec z\u011bnme xi\u011b?
\nProfesor, \u00bfc\u00f3mo se escribe este car\u00e1cter?<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u600e\u4e48\u5ff5\uff1f
\nZh\u00e8 ge z\u00ec z\u011bnme ni\u00e0n?
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo se pronuncia este car\u00e1cter?<\/p>\n

\u201cMingbai\u201d \u600e\u4e48\u5199\uff1f
\n\u201cMingbai\u201d z\u011bnme xi\u011b?
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo se escribe \u201cmingbai\u201d?<\/p>\n

\u201cProfessore\u201d \u600e\u4e48\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1f
\n\u201cProfessore\u201d z\u011bnme f\u0101ny\u00ec?
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo se traduce \u201cprofesor\u201d?<\/p>\n

\u53bb\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u600e\u4e48\u8d70\uff1f
\nQ\u00f9 B\u011bij\u012bng D\u00e0xu\u00e9 z\u011bnme z\u01d2u?
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo se llega a la Beijing Daxue?<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u79f0\u547c\u60a8\uff1f
\nW\u01d2 y\u012bngg\u0101i z\u011bnme ch\u0113nghu n\u00edn?
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo deber\u00eda llamarla?<\/p>\n

Con \u600e\u4e48 se puede construir una frase muy \u00fatil: \u201cno importa c\u00f3mo\u2026 \/ por mucho que\u2026\u201d: \u600e\u4e48 + Verbo 1 + \u4e5f + Verbo 2<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\uff0c\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u5199\uff0c\u4e5f\u5199\u4e0d\u5bf9\u3002
\nZh\u00e8 ge h\u00e0nz\u00ec, w\u01d2 z\u011bnme xi\u011b, y\u011b xi\u011b b\u00f9 du\u00ec.
\nPor mucho que escriba este car\u00e1cter no lo logro hacerlo correctamente.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u4f5c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u597d\u3002
\nZh\u00e8 ji\u00e0n sh\u00ecqing, w\u01d2 z\u011bnme zu\u00f2 y\u011b b\u00f9 h\u01ceo.
\nNo importa c\u00f3mo aborde este asunto, no va bien.<\/p>\n

Delante de \u600e\u4e48 puede ir tambi\u00e9n \u4e0d\u8bba (b\u00f9 l\u00f9n) \u201cno importa c\u00f3mo\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u600e\u4e48\u5199\uff0c\u4e5f\u5199\u4e0d\u5bf9\u3002
\nZh\u00e8 ge h\u00e0nz\u00ec, b\u00f9 l\u00f9n z\u011bnme xi\u011b, y\u011b xi\u011b b\u00f9 du\u00ec.
\nNo importa c\u00f3mo escriba este car\u00e1cter, siempre me equivoco.<\/p>\n

\u600e\u4e48 puede usarse para decirle a alguien que haga lo que quiera: Sujeto + \u600e\u4e48 (z\u011bnme) + Verbo + \u5c31 (ji\u00f9) \u600e\u4e48 (z\u011bnme) + Verbo<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u60f3\u600e\u4e48\u4f5c\u5c31\u600e\u4e48\u4f5c\u3002
\nN\u01d0 xi\u01ceng z\u011bnme zu\u00f2 ji\u00f9 z\u011bnme zu\u00f2.
\nHazlo como quieras.<\/p>\n

Pueden formularse construcciones an\u00e1logas con \u54ea\u513f (n\u01cer) \u201cdonde\u201d y \u8c01 (sh\u00e9i) \u201cquien\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u60f3\u53bb\u54ea\u513f\u5c31\u53bb\u54ea\u513f\u3002
\nN\u01d0 xi\u01ceng q\u00f9 n\u01cer ji\u00f9 q\u00f9 n\u01cer.
\nVe donde quieras.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u60f3\u8ddf\u8c01\u53bb\u5c31\u8ddf\u8c01\u53bb\u3002
\nN\u01d0 xi\u01ceng g\u0113n sh\u00e9i q\u00f9 ji\u00f9 g\u0113n sh\u00e9i q\u00f9.
\nVe con quien quieras.<\/p>\n

Una construcci\u00f3n particularmente usada es la siguiente:<\/p>\n

\u600e\u4e48\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230
\nZ\u011bnme m\u00e9i xi\u01cengd\u00e0o
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo es que no pens\u00e9 que…<\/p>\n

O:<\/p>\n

\u6211\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230
\nW\u01d2 m\u00e9i xi\u01cengd\u00e0o
\nJam\u00e1s habr\u00eda pensado que\u2026 \/ no esperaba que\u2026<\/p>\n

\u6211\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u5e08\u5085\u8fd9\u4e48\u5389\u5bb3\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u00e9i xi\u01cengd\u00e0o sh\u012bfu zh\u00e8me l\u00echai.
\nNo esperaba que el maestro fuera tan fuerte.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u4ef7\u683c\u8fd9\u4e48\u9ad8\uff1f
\nW\u01d2 z\u011bnme m\u00e9i xi\u01cengd\u00e0o ji\u00e0g\u00e9 zh\u00e8me g\u0101o?
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo es que no pens\u00e9 que el precio ser\u00eda tan alto?<\/p>\n

\u600e\u4e48\u6837 (z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng) \u201cc\u00f3mo\/c\u00f3mo ser\/estar\u201d es el sustituto interrogativo t\u00edpico de los adjetivos atributivos o predicativos (estar bien, estar caliente, ser interesante, etc.).<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u8eab\u4f53\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u975e\u5e38\u597d\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\u3002
\nN\u01d0 sh\u0113nt\u01d0 z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng? F\u0113ich\u00e1ng h\u01ceo, xi\u00e8xie.
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1s? Muy bien, gracias.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u3002
\nN\u01d0 z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng?W\u01d2 ju\u00e9de b\u00f9 sh\u016bfu.
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1s? No me siento muy en forma.<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f60\u6628\u5929\u5403\u996d\u7684\u90a3\u5bb6\u996d\u9986\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f
\nZ\u00e0i w\u01d2 zu\u00f3ti\u0101n ch\u012bf\u00e0n de n\u00e0 ji\u0101 f\u00e0ngu\u01cen z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng?
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo es ese restaurante donde comiste ayer?<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6211\u6628\u5929\u5403\u996d\u7684\u90a3\u5bb6\u996d\u9986\u8fd8\u4e0d\u9519\u3002
\nZ\u00e0i w\u01d2 zu\u00f3ti\u0101n ch\u012bf\u00e0n de n\u00e0 ji\u0101 f\u00e0ngu\u01cen h\u00e1i b\u00f9 cu\u00f2.
\nNo est\u00e1 mal ese restaurante donde com\u00ed ayer.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u83dc\u7684\u5473\u9053\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u4e0d\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u3002
\nZh\u00e8 ge c\u00e0i de w\u00e8idao z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng?b\u00f9z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng.
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo es el sabor de esta comida? No es gran cosa.<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e2a\u7535\u5f71\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u76f8\u5f53\u597d\u3002
\nN\u00e0 ge di\u00e0ny\u01d0ng z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng? Xi\u0101ngd\u0101ng h\u01ceo.
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo es esa pel\u00edcula? Bastante bonita.<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e2a\u5973\u751f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u6f02\u4eae\u6781\u4e86\u3002
\nN\u00e0 ge n\u01dash\u0113ng z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng?Pi\u00e0oliang j\u00edle.
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo es esa chica? Guap\u00edsima.<\/p>\n

\u5361\u5854\u5c3c\u585e\u5854\u5e02\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u597d\u6f02\u4eae\u3002
\nK\u01cet\u01cen\u00eds\u0101it\u01ce sh\u00ec z\u011bnmey\u00e0ng? H\u01ceo pi\u00e0oliang
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo es la ciudad de Caltanissetta? Muy hermosa.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u548c\u4f60\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u770b\u300a\u975e\u5e38\u5e78\u8fd0\u300b\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f
\nW\u01d2 xi\u01ceng h\u00e9 n\u01d0 y\u012bq\u01d0 q\u00f9 k\u00e0n \u201cF\u0113ich\u00e1ng X\u00ecngy\u00f9n\u201d, z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng?
\nQuiero ir a ver \u201cMuy afortunado\u201d contigo, \u00bfqu\u00e9 te parece?<\/p>\n

Los sustitutos interrogativos \u54ea\u513f (n\u01cer)\uff0c\u54ea\u91cc (n\u01celi) <\/h2>\n

Los sustitutos interrogativos \u54ea\u513f (n\u01cer) y \u54ea\u91cc (n\u01celi) tiene el significado interrogativo de \u201c\u00bfd\u00f3nde?\u201d. La diferencia en el uso es exclusivamente regional, de hecho, pueden usarse en las mismas situaciones. En cuanto a los otros sustitutos interrogativos, \u54ea\u513f y \u54ea\u91cc sustituyen el lugar al que hacen referencia. <\/p>\n

\u4f60\u53bb\u54ea\u513f\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 q\u00f9 n\u01cer?
\n\u00bfA d\u00f3nde vas?\t<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5230\u54ea\u513f\u53bb\u4e86\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 d\u00e0o n\u01cer q\u00f9 le?
\n\u00bfA d\u00f3nde fuiste?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u53bb\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 q\u00f9 n\u01celi?
\n\u00bfA d\u00f3nde vas?\t<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\u4e86\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 d\u00e0o n\u01celi q\u00f9 le?
\n\u00bfA d\u00f3nde fuiste?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 c\u00f3ng n\u01celi l\u00e1i?
\n\u00bfDe d\u00f3nde eres?\t\t<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4ece\u54ea\u513f\u6765\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 c\u00f3ng n\u01cer l\u00e1i?
\n\u00bfDe d\u00f3nde eres?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5b66\u4e86\u4e2d\u6587\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 z\u00e0i n\u01celi xu\u00e9 le zh\u014dngw\u00e9n?
\n\u00bfD\u00f3nde estudiaste chino?<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u54ea\u91cc\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1f
\nZh\u00e8 sh\u00ec n\u01celi de y\u01d4y\u00e1n?
\n\u00bfDe d\u00f3nde es este idioma?<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f
\nT\u00fash\u016bgu\u01cen z\u00e0i n\u01celi?
\n\u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1 la biblioteca?<\/p>\n

\u5582\uff1f\u4f60\u5728\u54ea\u513f\uff1f
\nW\u00e8i? N\u01d0 z\u00e0i n\u01cer?
\n\u00bfHola? \u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1s?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u7238\u7238\u5988\u5988\u5728\u54ea\u513f\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 b\u00e0ba m\u0101ma z\u00e0i n\u01cer?
\n\u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1n tu padre y tu madre?<\/p>\n

Las construcciones \u4ee5 (y\u01d0) A\u4e3a (w\u00e8i) B <\/h2>\n

Las construcciones \u4ee5 (y\u01d0) A\u4e3a (w\u00e8i) B, que provienen directamente del chino cl\u00e1sico<\/a>, tienen dos funciones:<\/p>\n

1) Valor factual: \u201ctomar A para convertirlo en B\u201d<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4ee5\u6211\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u01d0 w\u01d2 de j\u012bngy\u00e0n w\u00e8i l\u00ec.
\nUso mi experiencia como ejemplo.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4ee5\u5f53\u8001\u5e08\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u01d0 d\u0101ng l\u01ceosh\u012b w\u00e8i m\u00f9bi\u0101o.
\nMi objetivo es ser profesor.
\n\u4e5e\u4e10\u4ee5\u5730\u6bef\u4e3a\u5e8a\u3002
\nQ\u01d0g\u00e0i y\u01d0 d\u00ect\u01cen w\u00e8i chu\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

Los mendigos hacen su cama con alfombras.<\/p>\n

\u58eb\u5175\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u4e48\u4ee5\u73af\u5883\u4e3a\u6b66\u5668\u3002
\nSh\u00ecb\u012bng zh\u012bdao z\u011bnme y\u01d0 hu\u00e1nj\u00ecng w\u00e8i w\u01d4q\u00ec.
\nLos soldados saben c\u00f3mo convertir el medio en un arma.<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002
\nSu\u01d2y\u01d2u de r\u00e9n d\u014du y\u01d0 y\u012bngw\u00e9n w\u00e8i ji\u0101oli\u00fa de g\u014dngj\u00f9.
\nTodos usan el ingl\u00e9s como herramienta para comunicarse.<\/p>\n

2) Valor putativo: \u201cconsiderar A como si fuera B\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u9ea6\u5f53\u52b3\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002
\nY\u01d0 m\u00e0id\u0101ngl\u00e1o w\u00e8i l\u00ec.
\nTomemos Mcdonald como ejemplo.
\n(El nuevo nombre chino de Mcdonald es \u91d1\u62f1\u95e8J\u012bn g\u01d2ngm\u00e9n)<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4ee5\u7626\u4e3a\u7f8e\uff0c\u5510\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4ee5\u80d6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u3002
\nXi\u00e0nd\u00e0i sh\u00e8hu\u00ec y\u01d0 sh\u00f2u w\u00e8i m\u011bi, t\u00e1ngd\u00e0i sh\u00e8hu\u00ec y\u01d0 p\u00e0ng w\u00e8i m\u011bi.
\nLa sociedad moderna considera que ser delgado es bello; la sociedad de la era Tang consideraba que lo bello era ser gordo.<\/p>\n

\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4ee5\u9ad8\u85aa\u4e3a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002
\nH\u011bn du\u014d r\u00e9n y\u01d0 g\u0101o x\u012bn w\u00e8i ch\u00e9ngg\u014dng de ti\u00e1oji\u00e0n.
\nMuchas personas consideran un salario alto como un requisito para el \u00e9xito.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4ee5\u7231\u60c5\u4e3a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u01d0\u00e0iq\u00edng w\u00e8i zu\u00ec zh\u00f2ngy\u00e0o de sh\u00ecqing.
\nConsidero el amor lo m\u00e1s importante.<\/p>\n

Photo Credits: \"Creative<\/a> Characters<\/a> by Matthias Mendler<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Los sustitutos interrogativos\u8c01 (sh\u00e9i\/shu\u00ed)\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48 (sh\u00e9nme)\uff0c\u54ea (n\u01ce) Los sustitutos interrogativos son muy similares a las \u201cwh \u2013 question words\u201d en ingl\u00e9s o a los pronombres interrogativos en italiano. Cuando se usan sustitutos interrogativos, el orden de la oraci\u00f3n no cambia. El sustituto interrogativo, de hecho, reemplaza la palabra que deber\u00eda estar en la respuesta. Cuando se 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Volta\" de Caltanissetta, y continua sus estudios en la Universidad de Tur\u00edn, donde, junto con los chinos, estudia japon\u00e9s y chino cl\u00e1sico.","sameAs":["https:\/\/independent.academia.edu\/ArmandoTurturici","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/armando-alessandro-turturici-a4316ab7\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCnad7mZMifojVZp9LsRy4iQ"],"url":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/author\/armando\/"}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/sustitutos-interrogativos-chino.jpg",700,376,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/sustitutos-interrogativos-chino-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/sustitutos-interrogativos-chino-300x161.jpg",300,161,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/sustitutos-interrogativos-chino.jpg",700,376,false],"large":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/sustitutos-interrogativos-chino.jpg",700,376,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/sustitutos-interrogativos-chino.jpg",700,376,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/sustitutos-interrogativos-chino.jpg",700,376,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Armando Turturici","author_link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/author\/armando\/"},"uagb_comment_info":4,"uagb_excerpt":"Los sustitutos interrogativos\u8c01 (sh\u00e9i\/shu\u00ed)\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48 (sh\u00e9nme)\uff0c\u54ea (n\u01ce) Los sustitutos interrogativos son muy similares a las \u201cwh \u2013 question words\u201d en ingl\u00e9s o a los pronombres interrogativos en italiano. Cuando se usan sustitutos interrogativos, el orden de la oraci\u00f3n no cambia. El sustituto interrogativo, de hecho, reemplaza la palabra que deber\u00eda estar en la respuesta. Cuando se…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13778","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13778"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13778\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13795"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13778"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}