{"id":13774,"date":"2018-01-11T03:00:59","date_gmt":"2018-01-11T02:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/?p=13774"},"modified":"2022-02-04T10:34:29","modified_gmt":"2022-02-04T09:34:29","slug":"adverbios-zhi-jiu-cai-chino","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/adverbios-zhi-jiu-cai-chino\/","title":{"rendered":"Los adverbios \u53ea (zh\u01d0), \u5c31 (ji\u00f9) y \u624d (c\u00e1i) en el idioma chino"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Los<\/p>\n

Para poner \u00e9nfasis en una cantidad es peque\u00f1a, se puede a\u00f1adir uno de los siguientes adverbios: \u53ea(zh\u01d0), \u5c31 (ji\u00f9) y \u624d(c\u00e1i), que se traducen como \u201csolo, solamente\u201d.<\/p>\n

Estos son algunos ejemplos: <\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\u4e0a\u8bfe\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u5c31\/\u53ea\/\u624d\u5341\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002
\nj\u012bnti\u0101n sh\u00e0ngk\u00e8 de r\u00e9n h\u011bn sh\u01ceo, ji\u00f9\/zh\u01d0\/c\u00e1i sh\u00edy\u012b g\u00e8r\u00e9n.
\nHoy hab\u00eda poca gente en clase, solamente once personas.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u624d\/\u53ea\/\u5c31\u7761\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002
\nW\u01d2 c\u00e1i\/zh\u01d0\/ji\u00f9 shu\u00ecle li\u01ceng g\u00e8 xi\u01ceosh\u00ed.
\nHe dormido solo dos horas.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4ed6\u5c31\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u80cc\u7684\u3002
\nZh\u00e8 b\u011bn sh\u016b t\u0101ji\u00f9 k\u00e0nle y\u012b bi\u00e0n, b\u1ee5\u0300 hu\u00ec b\u00e8i de.
\nHe le\u00eddo este libro solo una vez, no puedo saberlo de memoria.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5c31, (como \u201cjust\u201d en ingl\u00e9s), y \u624d, que significa \u201csolo entonces\u201d, son dos adverbios muy usados en chino<\/a>, tanto en la lengua escrita como hablada. <\/p>\n

Aunque pueden traducirse respectivamente como \u00abentonces\u00bb y \u00absolo entonces\u00bb, su uso es mucho m\u00e1s complejo, por lo que los analizaremos en detalle, compar\u00e1ndolos a veces.<\/p>\n

\u5c31 se usa cuando un hablante piensa que una acci\u00f3n ocurre r\u00e1pidamente, cuando sucede \u00abpronto\u00bb o cuando no hace falta mucho tiempo para realizarla. Cuando expresa este significado, al final de la oraci\u00f3n se puede encontrar \u4e86(le)<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Ejemplo: <\/p>\n

\u6211\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c31\u559c\u6b22\u6253\u7bee\u7403\u3002
\nw\u01d2 c\u00f3ngxi\u01ceo ji\u00f9 x\u01d0huan d\u01ce l\u00e1nqi\u00fa.
\nMe gusta jugar al baloncesto desde que era peque\u00f1o.<\/p>\n

\u624dse usa para indicar la finalizaci\u00f3n reciente de la acci\u00f3n (\u00abacabar de, solo ahora\u00bb) o con un valor limitador \u201csolo\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ejemplo:<\/p>\n

\u6211\u624d\u4ece\u91cd\u5e86\u56de\u6765\u5361\u5854\u5c3c\u585e\u5854\u4e0d\u4e45\u3002
\nW\u01d2 c\u00e1i c\u00f3ng Ch\u00f3ngq\u00ecng hu\u00edlai k\u01ce t\u01ce n\u00ed s\u0101i t\u01ce b\u00f9ji\u01d4.
\nAcabo de volver desde Chongqing a Caltanissetta.<\/p>\n

\u624d se usa cuando un hablante cree que una acci\u00f3n ocurre lentamente, cuando ocurre \u00abtarde\u00bb o cuando tarda tiempo en ocurrir. Cuando expresa este significado, nunca se puede colocar \u4e86 al final de la oraci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Ejemplos:<\/p>\n

\u6f14\u51fa\u4e03\u70b9\u534a\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e03\u70b9\u5c31\u5230\u5267\u573a\u4e86\u3002\t(La acci\u00f3n se produjo \u201cpronto\u201d)
\nY\u01cench\u016b q\u012b di\u01cen b\u00e0n k\u0101ish\u01d0, t\u0101 q\u012b di\u01cen ji\u00f9 d\u00e0o j\u00f9ch\u01ceng le.
\nEl espect\u00e1culo empieza a las 19:30 y \u00e9l ha llegado a las 19.<\/p>\n

\u6f14\u51fa\u4e03\u70b9\u534a\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u516b\u70b9\u624d\u5230\u5267\u573a\u3002(La acci\u00f3n se produjo con \u201cretraso\u201d)
\nY\u01cench\u016b q\u012b di\u01cen b\u00e0n k\u0101ish\u01d0, t\u0101 b\u0101 di\u01cen c\u00e1i d\u00e0o j\u00f9ch\u01ceng.
\nEl espect\u00e1culo empezaba a las 19:30 y \u00e9l lleg\u00f3 a las 20.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4ed6\u5ff5\u4e86\u5341\u5206\u949f\u5c31\u4f1a\u80cc\u4e86\u3002\t(Tard\u00f3 poco tiempo)
\nZh\u00e8 b\u011bn sh\u016b t\u0101 ni\u00e0nle sh\u00edf\u0113n zh\u014dng ji\u00f9 hu\u00ec b\u00e8i le.
\nLey\u00f3 este libro en voz alta durante diez minutos y ya sabe repetirlo.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4ed6\u5ff5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u80cc\u3002\t(Tard\u00f3 mucho tiempo)
\nZh\u00e8 b\u011bn sh\u016b t\u0101 ni\u00e0nle y\u012b g\u00e8 xi\u01ceosh\u00ed c\u00e1i hu\u00ec b\u00e8i.
\nSabe repetir este libro solo tras haberlo le\u00eddo en voz alta durante una hora.<\/p>\n

\u5c31 y \u624d se pueden usar para expresar dos acciones o situaciones que se suceden. \u5c31 expresa que el tiempo transcurrido entre una acci\u00f3n\/situaci\u00f3n y otra es corto; \u624d c\u00e1i, por su parte, expresa que el tiempo entre una acci\u00f3n\/situaci\u00f3n y otra es largo. Por ejemplo:<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u521a\u751f\u75c5\u5c31\u544a\u8bc9\u5988\u5988\u4e86\u3002\t\t\t\t\t(Tiempo breve)
\nT\u0101 g\u0101ng sh\u0113ngb\u00ecng ji\u00f9 g\u00e0osu m\u0101ma le.
\nEn cuanto enferm\u00f3, se lo dijo a su madre.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u75c5\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u624d\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u5988\u5988\u3002\t\t\t\t\t(Tiempo largo)
\nT\u0101 b\u00ecng h\u01ceole, c\u00e1i g\u00e0osu t\u0101 m\u0101ma.
\nSe lo dijo a su madre solo tras haberse curado.<\/p>\n

\u5979\u4e00\u6bd5\u4e1a\u5c31\u56de\u56fd\u4e86\u3002\t\t\t\t\t\t(Tiempo breve)
\nT\u0101 y\u012b b\u00ecy\u00e8 ji\u00f9 hu\u00edgu\u00f3 le.
\nElla regres\u00f3 a su pa\u00eds en cuanto se gradu\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u5979\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u56de\u56fd\u3002\t\t\t\t\t(Tiempo largo)
\nT\u0101 b\u00ecy\u00e8 y\u012b g\u00e8 yu\u00e8 h\u00f2u, c\u00e1i hu\u00edgu\u00f3.
\nRegres\u00f3 a su pa\u00eds un mes despu\u00e9s de graduarse. <\/p>\n

La estructura \u201c\u4e00 (y\u012b) … \u5c31 (ji\u00f9) …\u201d<\/h2>\n

La estructura \u201c\u4e00 (y\u012b) … \u5c31 (ji\u00f9) …\u201d (En cuanto…, …) expresa que dos acciones se suceden enseguida, una tras otra. Por ejemplo:<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5f88\u806a\u660e\uff0c\u4e00\u5b66\u5c31\u4f1a\u3002
\nT\u0101 h\u011bn c\u014dngming, y\u012b xu\u00e9 ji\u00f9 hu\u00ec.
\n\u00c9l es inteligente. Aprende en cuanto estudia<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e00\u4e0b\u8bfe\u5c31\u53bb\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u770b\u4e66\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u1ecb\u0304xi\u00e0 k\u00e8 ji\u00f9 q\u00f9 t\u00fash\u016bgu\u01cen k\u00e0nsh\u016b.
\nVoy a la biblioteca a leer en cuanto termine la clase.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e00\u4e0b\u8bfe\u5c31\u53bb\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u770b\u4e66\u4e86\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u1ecb\u0304xi\u00e0 k\u00e8 ji\u00f9 q\u00f9 t\u00fash\u016bgu\u01cen k\u00e0nsh\u016b le.
\nEn cuanto termin\u00f3 la clase, fui a la biblioteca a leer.<\/p>\n

\u5929\u521a\u4eae\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u5c31\u8d70\u4e86\u3002
\nTi\u0101n g\u0101ng li\u00e0ng, w\u01d2 de p\u00e9ngyou men ji\u00f9 z\u01d2u le.
\nMis amigos se fueron en cuanto se hizo de d\u00eda.<\/p>\n

Cuando \u5c31 y \u624d se encuentran en una oraci\u00f3n que indica un marco de tiempo, \u5c31 expresa que el hablante cree que es \u201ctarde\u201d; \u624d, por su parte, expresa que el hablante cree que es \u201cpronto\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ejemplos:<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u5929\uff0c\u770b\u5b8c\u6f14\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u5bb6\u5c31\u4e5d\u70b9\u4e94\u5341\u4e86\u3002\t(Volvieron tarde)
\nN\u00e0 ti\u0101n, k\u00e0nw\u00e1n y\u01cench\u016b, w\u01d2men d\u00e0oji\u0101 ji\u00f9 ji\u01d4 di\u01cen w\u01d4sh\u00ed le.
\nEse d\u00eda, despu\u00e9s de ver el espect\u00e1culo, regresamos a casa a las 21:50. <\/p>\n

\u90a3\u5929\uff0c\u770b\u5b8c\u6f14\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u5bb6\u624d\u4e5d\u70b9\u4e94\u5341\u3002\t(Volvieron pronto)
\nN\u00e0 ti\u0101n, k\u00e0nw\u00e1n y\u01cench\u016b, w\u01d2men d\u00e0oji\u0101 c\u00e1i ji\u01d4 di\u01cen w\u01d4sh\u00ed.
\nEse d\u00eda, despu\u00e9s de ver el espect\u00e1culo, regresamos a casa cuando eran solo las 21:50.<\/p>\n

No olvides esta estructura: <\/p>\n

\u53ea\u8981 (zh\u01d0y\u00e0o) …, \u5c31 (ji\u00f9) \/\u4fbf (bi\u00e0n) … \u201cBasta con…, para…\u201d<\/p>\n

Ejemplos: <\/p>\n

\u53ea\u8981\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\u3002
\nZh\u01d0y\u00e0o n\u01d4l\u00ec, ji\u00f9 hu\u00ec ch\u00e9ngg\u014dng.
\nBasta con esforzarse para tener \u00e9xito.<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u8981\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5403\u6b63\u5b97\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u83dc\u3002
\nZh\u01d0y\u00e0o q\u00f9 Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3, ji\u00f9 hu\u00ec ch\u012b zh\u00e8ngz\u014dng de Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3c\u00e0i.
\nBasta con ir a China para comer comida china aut\u00e9ntica. <\/p>\n

Ni esta otra estructura: <\/p>\n

\u53ea\u6709 (zh\u1ecb\u030cy\u01d2u) …, \u624d (c\u00e1i) … \u201csolo si…, entonces…\u201d<\/p>\n

Aqu\u00ed tienes dos ejemplos: <\/p>\n

\u5b66\u751f\u53ea\u6709\u591a\u542c\u591a\u8bf4\u591a\u8bfb\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6587\u3002
\nXu\u00e9sheng zh\u1ecb\u030cy\u01d2u du\u014d t\u012bng du\u014d shu\u014ddu\u014d d\u00fa, c\u00e1in\u00e9ng xu\u00e9hu\u00ec Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n.
\nSolo si los estudiantes escuchan, hablan y leen m\u00e1s podr\u00e1n aprender chino.<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u6709\u5750\u98de\u673a\u624d\u80fd\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002
\nZh\u1ecb\u030cy\u01d2u zu\u00f2 f\u0113ij\u012b c\u00e1in\u00e9ng d\u00e0o Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3.
\nSe puede ir a China solo en avi\u00f3n. <\/p>\n

Photo Credits: \"Creative<\/a> IMG_6895 1<\/a> by Dennis Amith<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Para poner \u00e9nfasis en una cantidad es peque\u00f1a, se puede a\u00f1adir uno de los siguientes adverbios: \u53ea(zh\u01d0), \u5c31 (ji\u00f9) y \u624d(c\u00e1i), que se traducen como \u201csolo, solamente\u201d. Estos son algunos ejemplos: \u4eca\u5929\u4e0a\u8bfe\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u5c31\/\u53ea\/\u624d\u5341\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002 j\u012bnti\u0101n sh\u00e0ngk\u00e8 de r\u00e9n h\u011bn sh\u01ceo, ji\u00f9\/zh\u01d0\/c\u00e1i sh\u00edy\u012b g\u00e8r\u00e9n. Hoy hab\u00eda poca gente en clase, solamente once personas. \u6211\u624d\/\u53ea\/\u5c31\u7761\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002 W\u01d2 c\u00e1i\/zh\u01d0\/ji\u00f9 shu\u00ecle li\u01ceng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":13787,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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Estos son algunos ejemplos: \u4eca\u5929\u4e0a\u8bfe\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u5c31\/\u53ea\/\u624d\u5341\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002 j\u012bnti\u0101n sh\u00e0ngk\u00e8 de r\u00e9n h\u011bn sh\u01ceo, ji\u00f9\/zh\u01d0\/c\u00e1i sh\u00edy\u012b g\u00e8r\u00e9n. Hoy hab\u00eda poca gente en clase, solamente once personas. \u6211\u624d\/\u53ea\/\u5c31\u7761\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002 W\u01d2 c\u00e1i\/zh\u01d0\/ji\u00f9 shu\u00ecle li\u01ceng…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13774"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13774\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13787"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}