{"id":12497,"date":"2017-08-29T03:00:21","date_gmt":"2017-08-29T02:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/?p=12497"},"modified":"2022-02-03T12:58:02","modified_gmt":"2022-02-03T11:58:02","slug":"sistema-numerico-chino","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/sistema-numerico-chino\/","title":{"rendered":"El sistema num\u00e9rico chino"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"El<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan mi experiencia personal, el sistema de numeraci\u00f3n chino es uno de los aspectos m\u00e1s complicados del idioma, sobre todo en lo referente a los n\u00fameros superiores a 10.000.<\/p>\n

Por esta raz\u00f3n decid\u00ed escribir este art\u00edculo que espero ayude a los pobres estudiantes de chino que se ven obligados a enfrentarse tan pronto a esta cuesti\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Los n\u00fameros del 1 al 10<\/h2>\n

Los n\u00fameros en la columna de la izquierda son los que se utilizan siempre. Los de la columna de la derecha se utilizan solo para aspectos bancarios y son los que aparecen en los billetes.<\/p>\n

La graf\u00eda es diferente para evitar el fraude, ya que ser\u00eda f\u00e1cil a\u00f1adir trazos de los n\u00fameros de la columna izquierda. Los n\u00fameros en la columna de la derecha se pronuncian de la misma manera que los de de la izquierda, y se conocen com\u00fanmente como Daxie Shuzi \u5927\u5199\u6570\u5b57 (n\u00fameros en may\u00fasculas).
\nEstos son: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Y\u012b, \u4e00, \u58f9
\n\u00e8r, \u4e8c,\t\t\t\t\u8d30
\ns\u0101n, \u4e09,\t\t\t\t\u53c1
\ns\u00ec, \u56db\t,\t\t\t\t\u8086
\nw\u01d4, \u4e94,
\nli\u00f9, \u516d,\t\t\t\t\u9646
\nq\u012b, \u4e03,\t\t\t\t\u67d2
\nb\u0101, \u516b,\t\t\t\t\u634c
\nji\u01d4, \u4e5d,\t\t\t\t\u7396
\nsh\u00ed, \u5341,\t\t\t\t\u62fe<\/p>\n

Formar los n\u00fameros del 1 al 99 es simple. Estos son algunos ejemplos: <\/p>\n

12 \u5341\u4e8c(diez m\u00e1s dos);
\n24 \u4e8c\u5341\u56db (dos por diez m\u00e1s cuatro);
\n58 \u4e94\u5341\u516b (cinco por diez m\u00e1s ocho);
\n99 \u4e5d\u5341\u4e5d (nueve por diez m\u00e1s nueve).<\/p>\n

Los n\u00fameros superiores a 100<\/h2>\n

Tambi\u00e9n sirve lo explicado para las unidades superiores a 100. Hay una variante de estas unidades que se utiliza principalmente en procedimientos bancarios, pero solo para las centenas y los millares.<\/p>\n

b\u01cei \u767e (cien) \t\t \ty\u012bb\u01cei \u4e00\u767e (100)\t\t\u4f70 (\u5927\u5199\u6570\u5b57)
\n qi\u0101n \u5343 (mil)\t\t\ty\u012bqi\u0101n \u4e00\u5343 (1,000)\t\u4edf (\u5927\u5199\u6570\u5b57)
\nw\u00e0n \u4e07 (diez mil)\t \ty\u012bw\u00e0n \u4e00\u4e07 (10,000)
\ny\u00ec \u4ebf (cien millones)\t\ty\u012by\u00ec\u4e00\u4ebf (100,000,000)\t <\/p>\n

N\u00fameros hasta 9.999<\/h2>\n

En cuanto a los n\u00fameros hasta 9999, no hay gran dificultad, he aqu\u00ed algunos ejemplos:<\/p>\n

325 = \u4e09\u767e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\uff1b
\n478 = \u56db\u767e\u4e03\u5341\u516b\uff1b
\n876 = \u516b\u767e\u4e03\u5341\u516d\uff1b
\n549 = \u4e94\u767e\u56db\u5341\u4e5d;
\n1,670 = \u4e00\u5343\u516d\u767e\u4e03\u5341\uff1b
\n2,489 = \u4e24\u5343\u56db\u767e\u516b\u5341\u4e5d\uff1b
\n3,482 = \u4e09\u5343\u56db\u767e\u516b\u5341\u4e8c;
\n9,999 = \u4e5d\u5343\u4e5d\u767e\u4e5d\u5341\u4e5d.<\/p>\n

El n\u00famero 0 (l\u00edng,\u96f6)<\/h2>\n

El n\u00famero \u96f6 se puede utilizar cuando el lugar de la centena o la decena est\u00e1 vac\u00edo, siempre que haya un n\u00famero antes de o despu\u00e9s de cero. Por ejemplo:<\/p>\n

7.066 = \u4e03\u5343\u96f6\u516d\u5341\u516d
\n9.102 = \u4e5d\u5343\u4e00\u767e\u96f6\u4e8c<\/p>\n

Cuando hay dos espacios vac\u00edos consecutivos, el cero se pone una sola vez:<\/p>\n

6.006= \u516d\u5343\u96f6\u516d<\/p>\n

N\u00fameros de 10.000 a 100.000.000<\/h2>\n

Aqu\u00ed es donde viene la parte dif\u00edcil: los n\u00fameros de 10.000 a 100.000.000.<\/p>\n

Los chinos distinguen las categor\u00edas de \u00abdecenas\u00bb, \u00abcentenas\u00bb, \u201cmillares\u201d, \u201cdecenas de millares\u201d, \u201ccientos de millones\u00bb. Los n\u00fameros entre diez mil y cien millones se leen en t\u00e9rminos de \u00abdecenas de millares\u00bb.<\/p>\n

1.000 \u4e00\u5343 (mil);
\n10.000 \u4e00\u4e07 (diez mil);
\n100.000 \u5341\u4e07 (diez diez mil);
\n1.000.000 \u4e00\u767e\u4e07 (cien diez mil);
\n10.000.000 \u4e00\u5343\u4e07 (mil diez mil);
\n100.000.000 \u4e00\u4ebf\uff1b1.000.000.000 \u5341\u4ebf.<\/p>\n

Ejemplos: <\/p>\n

25.250 = \u4e24\u4e07\u4e94\u5343\u4e8c\u767e\u4e94\u5341, o 2 decenas de mil m\u00e1s 5.250. <\/p>\n

225.250 = \u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u4e07\u4e94\u5343\u4e8c\u767e\u4e94\u5341, o 22 decenas de mil m\u00e1s 5.250.<\/p>\n

2.225.250 = \u4e24\u767e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u4e07\u4e94\u5343\u4e8c\u767e\u4e94\u5341, o 222 decenas de mil m\u00e1s 5.250.<\/p>\n

22.225.250 = \u4e24\u5343\u4e8c\u767e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u4e07\u4e94\u5343\u4e8c\u767e\u4e94\u5341, o 2.222 decenas de mil m\u00e1s 5.250.<\/p>\n

522.225.250 = \u4e94\u4ebf\u4e24\u5343\u4e8c\u767e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u4e07\u4e94\u5343\u4e8c\u767e\u4e94\u5341, o 5 centenas de millones m\u00e1s 2.222 decenas de mil m\u00e1s 5.250.<\/p>\n

987.342.695.178 = \u4e5d\u5343\u516b\u767e\u4e03\u5341\u4e09\u4ebf\u56db\u5343\u4e8c\u767e\u516d\u5341\u4e5d\u4e07\u4e94\u5343\u4e00\u767e\u4e03\u5341\u516b, o 9.873 centenas de millones m\u00e1s 4.269 decenas de mil m\u00e1s 5.178.<\/p>\n

Este es el truco que utilizo para componer los n\u00fameros m\u00e1s altos.<\/p>\n

Tomemos como ejemplo este n\u00famero: 225.250.<\/p>\n

Al leer el n\u00famero por la derecha, ponemos un punto en el cuarto n\u00famero: 22.5250<\/p>\n

Cada cuatro unidades corresponden a w\u00e0n, por tanto a una decena de mil.<\/p>\n

Si sigues el punto, ahora tenemos 22 decenas de miles y luego 5250 (este es f\u00e1cil de componer).<\/p>\n

Resultado final: \u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u4e07\u4e94\u5343\u4e8c\u767e\u4e94\u5341.<\/p>\n

Analicemos otro n\u00famero: 2.225.250.<\/p>\n

Siguiendo el mismo procedimiento, leemos el n\u00famero por la derecha y marcamos un punto en el cuarto n\u00famero: 225.5250
\nSi cada cuatro unidades corresponden a un w\u00e0n, significa que tenemos 225 decenas de mil, por lo que solo queda construir el 5250.<\/p>\n

Resultado final: \u4e24\u767e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u4e07\u4e94\u5343\u4e8c\u767e\u4e94\u5341.<\/p>\n

Analicemos un tercer n\u00famero: 22.174.600.<\/p>\n

Leemos el n\u00famero por la derecha y ponemos un punto en el cuarto n\u00famero: 2217.4600. Aqu\u00ed tenemos 2.217 decenas de mil.<\/p>\n

Resultado final: \u4e24\u5343\u4e24\u767e\u5341\u4e03\u4e07\u56db\u5343\u516d\u767e.<\/p>\n

Analicemos un n\u00famero gigantesco: 987.342.695.178.<\/p>\n

Usamos el mismo razonamiento y ponemos puntos cada cuatro n\u00fameros: 9873.4269.5178.<\/p>\n

Pero esta vez partimos de las centenas de millones, \u4ebf y\u00ec (Cien millones). En esta ocasi\u00f3n leemos por la izquierda al tratarse de un n\u00famero demasiado largo: tenemos entonces 9.873 centenas de millones, 4.269 decenas de mil y 5.178.<\/p>\n

Resultado final: \u4e5d\u5343\u516b\u767e\u4e03\u5341\u4e09\u4ebf\u56db\u5343\u4e24\u767e\u516d\u5341\u4e5d\u4e07\u4e94\u5343\u4e00\u767e\u4e03\u5341\u516b.<\/p>\n

Cu\u00e1ndo usar er \u4e8c y cu\u00e1ndo usar liang \u4e24<\/h2>\n

Ambos expresan el significado de \u00ab2\u00bb. La diferencia principal es que \u4e24 se usa en combinaci\u00f3n con los clasificadores<\/a> y en las construcciones numerales, por lo que: liang ben shu \u4e24\u672c\u4e66 (dos libros).<\/p>\n

Al componer los n\u00fameros, \u4e24 se acepta solo delante de bai \u767e y qian \u5343, por lo que podemos tener \u4e24\u767e (doscientos) o \u4e8c\u767e (doscientos); \u4e24\u5343 (dos mil) o \u4e8c\u5343 (dos mil). <\/p>\n

La diferencia de uso depende \u00fanicamente del lugar donde vivas, pero los chinos se entienden.<\/p>\n

Los n\u00fameros ordinales<\/h2>\n

Para obtener los n\u00fameros ordinales solo tienes que utilizar el prefijo D\u00ec\u7b2c antes de los n\u00fameros cardinales:<\/p>\n

D\u00ec-y\u012b \u7b2c\u4e00 (primero)
\nd\u00ec-\u00e8r \u7b2c\u4e8c (segundo)
\nd\u00ec-s\u0101n \u7b2c\u4e09 (tercero)<\/p>\n

Las operaciones aritm\u00e9ticas<\/h2>\n

Ji\u0101 \u52a0 el signo +
\nJi\u01cen \u51cf el signo \u2013
\nCh\u00e9ng \u4e58 el signo x
\nch\u00fay\u01d0 \u9664\u4ee5 el signo :
\nd\u011bngy\u00fa \u7b49\u4e8eel signo =<\/p>\n

Ejemplos: <\/p>\n

\u4e00\u52a0\u4e00\u7b49\u4e8e\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u4e00\u52a0\u4e00\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e8c
\nY\u012b ji\u0101y\u012b d\u011bngy\u00fa du\u014dshao? Y\u012b ji\u0101y\u012b d\u011bngy\u00fa \u00e8r
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1nto es 1+1? 1+1 es 2<\/p>\n

\u56db\u51cf\u4e8c\u7b49\u4e8e\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u56db\u51cf\u4e8c\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e8c
\ns\u00ec ji\u01cen \u00e8r d\u011bngy\u00fa du\u014dshao? S\u00ec ji\u01cen \u00e8r d\u011bngy\u00fa \u00e8r
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1nto es 4-2? 4-2 es 2<\/p>\n

\u56db\u4e58\u56db\u7b49\u4e8e\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u56db\u4e58\u56db\u7b49\u4e8e\u5341\u516d
\ns\u00ec ch\u00e9ng s\u00ec d\u011bngy\u00fa du\u014dshao? S\u00ec ch\u00e9ng s\u00ec d\u011bngy\u00fa sh\u00edli\u00f9
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1nto es 4×4? 4×4 es 16<\/p>\n

\u5341\u516d\u9664\u4ee5\u56db\u7b49\u4e8e\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u5341\u516d\u9664\u4ee5\u56db\u7b49\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\u56db
\nsh\u00edli\u00f9 ch\u00fay\u01d0 s\u00ec d\u011bngy\u00fa du\u014dshao? Sh\u00edli\u00f9 ch\u00fay\u01d0 s\u00ec d\u011bngy\u00fa d\u011bngy\u00fa s\u00ec
\n\u00bfCu\u00e1nto es 16:4? 16:4 es 4<\/p>\n

Photo Credits: \"Creative<\/a> Face (original 1)<\/a> by Isaiah van Hunen<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Seg\u00fan mi experiencia personal, el sistema de numeraci\u00f3n chino es uno de los aspectos m\u00e1s complicados del idioma, sobre todo en lo referente a los n\u00fameros superiores a 10.000. Por esta raz\u00f3n decid\u00ed escribir este art\u00edculo que espero ayude a los pobres estudiantes de chino que se ven obligados a enfrentarse tan pronto a esta […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":12571,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[321,17],"class_list":["post-12497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aprender-chino","tag-learn-chinese-sidebar","tag-aprender-chino"],"yoast_head":"\nEl sistema num\u00e9rico chino<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gu\u00eda para aprender c\u00f3mo escribir los n\u00fameros chinos, tanto los m\u00e1s comunes como los enormes\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/sistema-numerico-chino\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El 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