{"id":12047,"date":"2017-06-23T03:00:50","date_gmt":"2017-06-23T02:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/?p=12047"},"modified":"2022-02-03T12:00:22","modified_gmt":"2022-02-03T11:00:22","slug":"particulas-gramaticales-chino","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/particulas-gramaticales-chino\/","title":{"rendered":"Las part\u00edculas gramaticales en el chino"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

En este art\u00edculo analizaremos de forma sucinta una de las peculiaridades del chino y otras lenguas \u00aborientales\u00bb, las part\u00edculas al final de la oraci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

De hecho, el chino usa al final de la oraci\u00f3n caracteres especiales, llamados \u00abpart\u00edculas\u00bb. Gracias a estas part\u00edculas, la frase adquiere un matiz diferente de significado. Una de las caracter\u00edsticas de estas part\u00edculas es que no tienen tono, es decir, son \u00e1tonas.<\/p>\n

La part\u00edcula \u5427 (ba)<\/h2>\n

La part\u00edcula \u5427 se usa cuando el hablante tiene cierta idea de algo pero no est\u00e1 seguro (conjetura), cuando quiere reducir la intensidad de una frase o cuando la frase tiene un matiz ret\u00f3rico. He aqu\u00ed algunos ejemplos:<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u5c0f\u513f\u5b50\u5427\uff1f
\nZh\u00e8 sh\u00ec n\u01d0 de xi\u01ceo \u00e9rzi ba?
\nEste es tu hijo, \u00bfno?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u522b\u5435\u5427\uff01
\nBi\u00e9 ch\u01ceo ba!
\n\u00a1Vamos, no hagas ruido!<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\uff0c\u597d\u5427\uff1f
\nW\u01d2men y\u012bq\u01d0 q\u00f9, h\u01ceo ba?
\nVamos juntos, \u00bfvale? <\/p>\n

Importante<\/strong>: Cuando, en una frase interrogativa, encontramos caracteres que expresan una valoraci\u00f3n o conjetura, como por ejemplo \u5927\u6982(d\u00e0g\u00e0i), que significa \u201caproximadamente\/probablemente\u201d, \u4e5f\u8bb8 (y\u1eb9\u030cx\u01d4), que significa \u201cquiz\u00e1s\u201d, o \u5927\u7ea6 (d\u00e0yu\u0113), que significa \u201calrededor de\u201d, la part\u00edcula modal interrogativa \u5417(ma) suele reemplazarse por \u5427.<\/p>\n

Ejemplo: <\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u5927\u6982\u5341\u4e8c\u70b9\u4e86\u5427\uff1f
\nXi\u00e0nz\u00e0i d\u00e0g\u00e0i sh\u00ed’\u00e8r di\u01cenle ba?
\nAhora son casi las doce, \u00bfverdad?<\/p>\n

La part\u00edcula \u5462 (ne)<\/h2>\n

La part\u00edcula \u5462 tiene varios usos. En primer lugar, cuando se encuentra al final de una frase afirmativa, implica una situaci\u00f3n continuada o una acci\u00f3n en progreso. He aqu\u00ed algunos ejemplos: <\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u96e8\u5462\u3002
\nXi\u00e0y\u01d4 ne.
\nEst\u00e1 lloviendo.<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u5929\u6c14\u8fd8\u975e\u5e38\u70ed\u5462\u3002
\nN\u00e0li de ti\u0101nq\u00ec h\u00e1i f\u0113ich\u00e1ng r\u00e8 ne.
\nEst\u00e1 haciendo mucho calor.<\/p>\n

La part\u00edcula \u5462 tambi\u00e9n sirve para enunciar la misma pregunta que se acaba de hacer sin tener que repetirla. Estos son algunos ejemplos: <\/p>\n

A: \u4f60\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1f
\nA: N\u01d0 z\u00e0i n\u1ea1\u030cli g\u014dngzu\u00f2?
\nA: \u00bfD\u00f3nde trabajas?\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

B: \u6211\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u94f6\u884c\u3002\u4f60\u5462\uff1f
\nB: W\u01d2 z\u00e0i Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 y\u00ednh\u00e1ng. N\u01d0 ne?
\nB: En el Bank of China, \u00bfy t\u00fa?<\/p>\n

La part\u00edcula \u5462, adem\u00e1s, puede hacer que el predicado se omita de una pregunta cuando se puede entender el significado sin la ayuda del verbo. Estos son algunos ejemplos:<\/p>\n

\u56db\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u662f\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e8c\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u5462\uff1f
\nS\u00ec de y\u012b b\u00e0n sh\u00ec \u00e8r, \u00e8r de y\u012b b\u00e0n ne?
\nLa mitad de cuatro es dos; \u00bfy la mitad de dos?<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56fe\u8499\u591a\u3001\u9ea6\u6613\u6770\u90fd\u4f1a\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u8ff7\u68ee\u7eb3\uff0c\u4f60\u5462\uff1f
\nZh\u00e8ge w\u00e8nt\u00ed, T\u00fa M\u00e9ngdu\u014d, M\u00e0i Y\u00ecji\u00e9 do\u016bhu\u00ec hu\u00edd\u00e1. M\u00ed S\u0113nn\u00e0, n\u01d0 ne?
\nTu Mengduo y Mai Yijie saben responder a esta pregunta. \u00bfY t\u00fa, Mi Senna?<\/p>\n

Un \u00faltimo uso de la part\u00edcula \u5462 consiste en preguntar \u201cd\u00f3nde\u201d se encuentra alguien o algo cuando el interlocutor no ve lo que esperaba. Veamos algunos ejemplos: <\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6765\u770b\u7535\u5f71\u5417\uff1f\u4f60\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u5462\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 y\u012b g\u00e8r\u00e9n l\u00e1i k\u00e0n di\u00e0ny\u01d0ng ma? N\u01d0 n\u01dap\u00e9ngyou ne?
\n\u00bfHas venido solo a ver la pel\u00edcula? \u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1 tu novia?<\/p>\n

\u563f\uff0c\u8336\u9986\u5462\uff1f
\nH\u0113i, ch\u00e1gu\u01cen ne?
\nOye, \u00bfd\u00f3nde est\u00e1 la casa de t\u00e9?<\/p>\n

La part\u00edcula \u7684 (de)<\/h2>\n

La part\u00edcula \u7684<\/a>, al final de una frase, denota la certeza y seguridad que el hablante tiene con respecto a lo que afirma. He aqu\u00ed dos ejemplos:<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4e00\u5b9a\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u3002
\nT\u0101 y\u012bd\u00ecng zh\u012bdao zh\u00e8 ji\u00e0n sh\u00ecqing de.
\n\u00a1\u00c9l seguro que lo sabe!<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u4e0d\u8981\u90a3\u8f86\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u3002
\nW\u01d2 de l\u01ceosh\u012b b\u00f9y\u00e0o n\u00e0 li\u00e0ng q\u00ecch\u0113 de.
\n\u00a1Seguro que mi profesor no querr\u00e1 ese coche!<\/p>\n

Las part\u00edculas \u5457 (bei) y \u554a (a)<\/h2>\n

La part\u00edcula \u5457 indica falta de entusiasmo o que las cosas deben hacerse solo de una determinada manera. En otras palabras, expresa la obviedad de algo. Estos son algunos ejemplos: <\/p>\n

A: \u4f60\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5750\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\uff1f
\nA: N\u01d0 w\u00e8ish\u00e9nme y\u00e0o zu\u00f2 g\u014dngg\u00f2ng q\u00ecch\u0113?
\nA: \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 debes tomar el autob\u00fas?\t\t<\/p>\n

B: \u53bb\u5b66\u6821\u5457
\nB: Q\u00f9 xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o bei.
\nB: Pues para ir a la escuela\u2026<\/p>\n

La part\u00edcula \u554a, por su parte, implica una pregunta que es m\u00e1s bien una petici\u00f3n de confirmaci\u00f3n. He aqu\u00ed un ejemplo: <\/p>\n

\u4f60\u8bf4\u4f60\u4e0d\u60f3\u53bb\u554a\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 shu\u014d n\u01d0 b\u00f9 xi\u01ceng q\u00f9 a?
\n\u00bfEst\u00e1s diciendo que no quieres ir?<\/p>\n

Las part\u00edculas \u4e86 (le), \u54af (lo) y \u5570 (luo)<\/h2>\n

Las part\u00edculas \u4e86, \u54af y \u5570<\/a>, al final de una frase, se usan para hacer deducciones de una situaci\u00f3n. Cuando se usan estas part\u00edculas con esta funci\u00f3n, en la oraci\u00f3n a menudo aparece \u90a3\u4e48 (n\u00e0me) o \u90a3 (n\u00e0). Estos son algunos ejemplos: <\/p>\n

A: \u90a3\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u8ddf\u4f60\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c\u5979\u662f\u8c01\uff1f
\nA: N\u00e0ge xu\u00e9sheng g\u0113n n\u01d0 h\u011bn xi\u00e0ng, t\u0101 sh\u00ec shu\u00ed?
\nA: Esa alumna se parece mucho a ti, \u00bfqui\u00e9n es?<\/p>\n

B: \u6211\u8ddf\u5979\u540c\u59d3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5979\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u59d0\u59d0\u3002
\nB: W\u01d2 g\u0113n t\u0101 t\u00f3ngx\u00ecng, d\u00e0nsh\u00ec t\u0101 b\u1ee5\u0300 sh\u00ec w\u01d2 ji\u011bjie.
\nB: Tenemos el mismo apellido, pero no es mi hermana mayor.<\/p>\n

A: \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5979\u662f\u4f60\u59b9\u59b9\u4e86\uff1f
\nA: N\u00e0me, t\u0101 sh\u00ec n\u01d0 m\u00e8imei le?
\nA: En ese caso, debe ser tu hermana peque\u00f1a, \u00bfno?<\/p>\n

Photo Credits: \"Creative<\/a> Chinese-English dictionary<\/a> by Ian Lamont<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En este art\u00edculo analizaremos de forma sucinta una de las peculiaridades del chino y otras lenguas \u00aborientales\u00bb, las part\u00edculas al final de la oraci\u00f3n. De hecho, el chino usa al final de la oraci\u00f3n caracteres especiales, llamados \u00abpart\u00edculas\u00bb. Gracias a estas part\u00edculas, la frase adquiere un matiz diferente de significado. Una de las caracter\u00edsticas de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":12171,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[17],"class_list":["post-12047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aprender-chino","tag-aprender-chino"],"yoast_head":"\nLas part\u00edculas gramaticales en el chino<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Aprende a utilizar las part\u00edculas gramaticales al final de las frases en chino\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/particulas-gramaticales-chino\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Las part\u00edculas gramaticales en el 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Actualmente es profesor de lengua china en el instituto cient\u00edfico \\\"A. 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Actualmente es profesor de lengua china en el instituto cient\u00edfico \"A. Volta\" de Caltanissetta, y continua sus estudios en la Universidad de Tur\u00edn, donde, junto con los chinos, estudia japon\u00e9s y chino cl\u00e1sico.","sameAs":["https:\/\/independent.academia.edu\/ArmandoTurturici","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/armando-alessandro-turturici-a4316ab7\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCnad7mZMifojVZp9LsRy4iQ"],"url":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/author\/armando\/"}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/particulas-gramaticales-chino.jpg",700,376,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/particulas-gramaticales-chino-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/particulas-gramaticales-chino-300x161.jpg",300,161,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/particulas-gramaticales-chino.jpg",700,376,false],"large":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/particulas-gramaticales-chino.jpg",700,376,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/particulas-gramaticales-chino.jpg",700,376,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/particulas-gramaticales-chino.jpg",700,376,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Armando Turturici","author_link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/author\/armando\/"},"uagb_comment_info":2,"uagb_excerpt":"En este art\u00edculo analizaremos de forma sucinta una de las peculiaridades del chino y otras lenguas \u00aborientales\u00bb, las part\u00edculas al final de la oraci\u00f3n. De hecho, el chino usa al final de la oraci\u00f3n caracteres especiales, llamados \u00abpart\u00edculas\u00bb. Gracias a estas part\u00edculas, la frase adquiere un matiz diferente de significado. Una de las caracter\u00edsticas de…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12047","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12047"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12047\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12171"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}