{"id":11462,"date":"2017-03-16T02:00:25","date_gmt":"2017-03-16T01:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/?p=11462"},"modified":"2022-02-08T22:09:26","modified_gmt":"2022-02-08T21:09:26","slug":"auxiliares-modales-expresiones-temporales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/auxiliares-modales-expresiones-temporales\/","title":{"rendered":"Los auxiliares modales y las expresiones temporales en chino"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Auxiliares<\/p>\n

La lengua china<\/a> posee una amplia gama de auxiliares modales y no es extra\u00f1o encontrar caracteres que pueden traducirse de la misma forma, pero que poseen ligeras diferencias de significado y se usan en contextos distintos. <\/p>\n

Para dominar de lleno el chino, hay que examinarlo en detalle aunque, a veces, cuando se habla un idioma, es mejor no pensar mucho las cosas y dejar que las palabras fluyan libremente de nuestra boca. <\/p>\n

Posibilidad<\/h2>\n

Los auxiliares modales, situados a la izquierda del verbo, modifican su significado. Son auxiliares modales los caracteres que expresan: poder, querer, tener intenci\u00f3n de, deber, necesitar.<\/p>\n

\u4f1a (hu\u00ec) \u201cpoder\u201d <\/h3>\n

Expresa la posibilidad de que suceda algo; expresa adem\u00e1s una capacidad o habilidad adquirida (algo que sabes hacer o que has aprendido a hacer). Por \u00faltimo, puede ser indicador de futuro.<\/p>\n

\u660e\u5929\u4f1a\u4e0b\u96e8\u3002
\nM\u00edngti\u0101n hu\u00ec xi\u00e0 y\u01d4.
\nMa\u00f1ana podr\u00eda llover \/ ma\u00f1ana llover\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u660e\u5929\u6211\u4f1a\u5fd9\u3002
\nM\u00edngti\u0101n w\u01d2 hu\u00ec m\u00e1ng.
\nMa\u00f1ana podr\u00eda estar ocupado \/ ma\u00f1ana estar\u00e9 ocupado.<\/p>\n

\u5979\u4f1a\u505a\u996d\u3002
\nT\u0101 hu\u00ec zu\u00f2f\u00e0n.
\nElla sabe cocinar.\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4f1a\u8bf4\u4e2d\u6587\u3002
\nT\u0101 hu\u00ec shu\u014d zh\u014dngw\u00e9n.
\n\u00c9l sabe hablar chino.<\/p>\n

\u5168\u8bd7\u7136\u4f1a\u6559\u4e66\u3002
\nQu\u00e1n Sh\u012br\u00e1n hu\u00ec ji\u0101osh\u016b.
\nQuan Shiran sabe ense\u00f1ar.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4f1a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u8bed\u5417\uff1f\u4e0d\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u3002
\nN\u01d0 hu\u00ec shu\u014d f\u01cey\u01d4 ma? B\u00f9, w\u01d2 b\u00f9 hu\u00ec shu\u014d.
\n\u00bfSabes hablar franc\u00e9s? No, no s\u00e9 hablarlo.<\/p>\n

\u4f1a (hu\u00ec) puede ir precedido de \u5f88 (h\u011bn) \u201cmucho\u201d, \u771f (zh\u0113n) \u201crealmente\u201d, \u6700(zu\u00ec) \u201cel m\u00e1s\u201d, para expresar una habilidad o talento innato. <\/p>\n

\u6211\u5988\u5988\u5f88\u4f1a\u505a\u996d\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u0101ma h\u011bn hu\u00ec zu\u00f2f\u00e0n.
\nMi madre sabe cocinar muy bien.<\/p>\n

\u5168\u8001\u5e08\u6700\u4f1a\u6559\u4e2d\u6587\u3002
\nQu\u00e1n L\u01ceosh\u012b zu\u00ec hu\u00ec ji\u0101o zh\u014dngw\u00e9n.
\nLa profesora Quan es la mejor ense\u00f1ando chino.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u771f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u559d\u9152\u3002
\nW\u01d2 zh\u0113n b\u00f9 hu\u00ec h\u0113ji\u01d4.
\nRealmente no puedo beber.<\/p>\n

\u80fd (n\u00e9ng) \u201cpoder\u201d<\/h3>\n

Expresa la habilidad f\u00edsica para hacer algo; indica que se tiene permiso para hacer algo; expresa adem\u00e1s que se est\u00e1 imposibilitado para hacer algo.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u55d3\u5b50\u75bc\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002
\nW\u01d2 de s\u01cengzi t\u00e9ng, b\u00f9 n\u00e9ng shu\u014dhu\u00e0.
\nMe duele la garganta, no puedo hablar.<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u5728\u4fee\u8def\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fc7\u3002
\nXi\u00e0nz\u00e0i z\u00e0i xi\u016bl\u00f9, t\u0101 b\u00f9 n\u00e9ng gu\u00f2.
\nAhora est\u00e1n reparando la calle, no puede pasar.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u80fd\u5438\u70df\u5417\uff1f\u4e0d\u80fd\u3002
\nZh\u00e8l\u01d0 n\u00e9ng x\u012by\u0101n ma? B\u00f9 n\u00e9ng.
\n\u00bfSe puede fumar aqu\u00ed? No, no se puede.<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5 (k\u011by\u01d0) \u201cpoder\u201d<\/h3>\n

Expresa una habilidad f\u00edsica o basada en el conocimiento; expresa adem\u00e1s permiso para hacer algo o la posibilidad\/capacidad de hacer algo.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u516b\u5341\u5c81\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a91\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u4e86\u3002
\nT\u0101 y\u01d0jing b\u0101sh\u00ed su\u00ec le, b\u00f9 k\u011by\u01d0 q\u00ed z\u00ecx\u00edngch\u0113 le.
\nYa tiene ochenta a\u00f1os, no puede ir en bici.<\/p>\n

\u5988\u5988\u8bf4\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ddf\u670b\u53cb\u53bb\u770b\u7535\u5f71\u3002
\nM\u0101ma shu\u014d w\u01d2 k\u011by\u01d0 g\u0113n p\u00e9ngyou q\u00f9 k\u00e0n di\u00e0ny\u01d0ng.
\nMam\u00e1 ha dicho que puedo ir a ver la pel\u00edcula con mis amigos.<\/p>\n

\u5168\u8bd7\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u6559\u4f60\u4e2d\u6587\u3002
\nQu\u00e1n Sh\u012br\u00e1n k\u011by\u01d0 ji\u0101o n\u01d0 zh\u014dngw\u00e9n.
\nQuan Shiran puede ense\u00f1arte chino.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u5395\u6240\u5417\uff1f
\nW\u01d2 k\u011by\u01d0 q\u00f9 c\u00e8su\u01d2 ma?
\n\u00bfPuedo ir al ba\u00f1o?<\/p>\n

\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u95ee\u4f60\u95ee\u9898\u5417\uff1f
\nW\u01d2 k\u011by\u01d0 w\u00e8n n\u01d0 w\u00e8nt\u00ed ma?
\n\u00bfPuedo hacerte unas preguntas?<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u80fd (k\u011bn\u00e9ng) \u201cquiz\u00e1s\u201d <\/h3>\n

A menudo se considera un adverbio. Visto desde esta perspectiva, \u53ef\u80fd puede preceder a un auxiliar modal.<\/p>\n

\u660e\u5929\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0b\u96e8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f88\u51b7\u3002
\nM\u00edngti\u0101n b\u00f9 hu\u00ec xi\u00e0y\u01d4, d\u00e0nsh\u00ec k\u011bn\u00e9ng hu\u00ec h\u011bn l\u011bng.
\nMa\u00f1ana no llover\u00e1, pero quiz\u00e1s podr\u00eda hacer fr\u00edo.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6765\u3002
\nT\u0101 k\u011bn\u00e9ng b\u00f9 hu\u00ec l\u00e1i.
\nTal vez no vendr\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Necesidad y deber<\/h2>\n

\u8981 (y\u00e0o) \u201cdeber\u201d<\/h3>\n

Expresa una necesidad; expresa adem\u00e1s una condici\u00f3n inevitable.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5988\u5988\u8981\u53bb\u8d85\u5e02\u4e70\u4e1c\u897f\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u0101ma y\u00e0o q\u00f9 ch\u0101osh\u00ec m\u01cei d\u014dngxi.
\nMi madre debe ir al supermercado para comprar las cosas.<\/p>\n

\u505a\u4eba\u8981\u8bda\u5b9e\uff0c\u505a\u4e8b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u8981\u8ba4\u771f\u3002
\nZu\u00f2r\u00e9n y\u00e0o ch\u00e9ngsh\u00ed, zu\u00f2sh\u00ec y\u00e0o f\u00f9z\u00e9, xu\u00e9x\u00ed y\u00e0o r\u00e8nzh\u0113n.
\nCuando trates con otras personas, debes ser honesto; cuando hagas los encargos, debes ser responsable; cuando estudies, debes ser diligente.<\/p>\n

\u8fc7\u9a6c\u8def\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8981\u8bb0\u5f97\u5148\u770b\u4e24\u8fb9\u6709\u8f66\u3002
\nGu\u00f2 m\u01cel\u00f9 de sh\u00ed hou, y\u00e0o j\u00ecde xi\u0101n k\u00e0n li\u01ceng bi\u0101n y\u01d2u ch\u0113.
\nCuando cruces la calle, debes recordar primero mirar si vienen coches por los dos lados.<\/p>\n

\u5e94\u8be5 (y\u012bngg\u0101i) y \u5e94\u5f53 (y\u012bngd\u0101ng) \u201cdeber\u201d <\/h3>\n

Expresan necesidad o indican conjetura.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u670b\u53cb\u7259\u75bc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5403\u7cd6\u3002
\nW\u01d2 p\u00e9ngyou y\u00e1 t\u00e9ng, t\u0101 b\u00f9 y\u012bngg\u0101i ch\u012b t\u00e1ng.
\nMi amigo tiene dolor de muelas, no debe comer dulces.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u5b66\u4e60\u3002
\nN\u01d0 y\u012bngg\u0101i xu\u00e9x\u00ed.
\nDebes estudiar.<\/p>\n

\u5979\u5e94\u8be5\u4f11\u606f\u3002
\nT\u0101 y\u012bngg\u0101i xi\u016bxi.
\nElla debe descansar.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6211\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u3002
\nZh\u00e8 b\u011bn sh\u016b y\u012bngg\u0101i sh\u00ec w\u01d2 l\u01ceosh\u012b de.
\nEste libro debe ser de mi profesor.<\/p>\n

\u5f97 (d\u011bi) \u201cdeber\u201d <\/h3>\n

Expresa una necesidad.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5f97\u4f11\u606f\u4e00\u4f1a\u3002
\nW\u01d2 d\u011bi xi\u016bxi y\u012b hu\u00ec.
\nDebo descansar un poco.\t\t<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5f97\u51c6\u5907\u8003\u8bd5\u3002
\nJ\u012bnti\u0101n w\u01d2 d\u011bi zh\u01d4nb\u00e8i k\u01ceosh\u00ec.
\nHoy debo preparar el examen.<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981 (x\u016by\u00e0o) \u201cdeber\u201d<\/h3>\n

Expresa la necesidad de algo; expresa adem\u00e1s una necesidad personal.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5403\u836f\u5417\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 x\u016by\u00e0o ch\u012b y\u00e0o ma?
\n\u00bfDebes tomar la medicina?<\/p>\n

\u5fc5\u987b (b\u00ecx\u016b) \u201cdeber\u201d<\/h3>\n

Expresa la necesidad a cualquier precio y la existencia de una necesidad objetiva.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u53bb\u627e\u6821\u957f\u3002
\nN\u01d0 b\u00ecx\u016b q\u00f9 zh\u01ceo xi\u00e0ozh\u01ceng.
\nDebes ir como sea a buscar al director.<\/p>\n

Querer y tener intenci\u00f3n de<\/h2>\n

\u8981 (y\u00e0o) \u201cquerer\u201d<\/h3>\n

Expresa una intenci\u00f3n y se usa adem\u00e1s como indicador de futuro.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8981\u5b66\u6253\u7bee\u7403\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u5b66\u8e22\u8db3\u7403\uff0c\u5979\u8981\u5b66\u6392\u7403\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u00e0o xu\u00e9 d\u01cel\u00e1nqi\u00fa, t\u0101 y\u00e0o xu\u00e9 t\u012bz\u00faqi\u00fa, t\u0101 y\u00e0o xu\u00e9 p\u00e1iqi\u00fa.
\nQuiero aprender a jugar al baloncesto, \u00e9l quiere aprender a jugar al f\u00fatbol, ella quiere aprender a jugar al voleibol.<\/p>\n

\u660e\u5929\u8981\u4e0b\u96e8\u3002
\nM\u00edngti\u0101n y\u00e0o xi\u00e0 y\u01d4.
\nMa\u00f1ana llover\u00e1.\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u660e\u5929\u8981\u53bb\u4e66\u5e97\u3002
\nT\u0101 m\u00edngti\u0101n y\u00e0o q\u00f9 sh\u016bdi\u00e0n.
\nMa\u00f1ana ir\u00e9 a la librer\u00eda.<\/p>\n

\u660e\u5e74\u4e8c\u6708\u6211\u8981\u53bb\u91cd\u5e86\u3002
\nM\u00edngni\u00e1n \u00e8r yu\u00e8 w\u01d2 y\u00e0o q\u00f9 Ch\u00f3ngq\u00ecng.
\nEl pr\u00f3ximo febrero ir\u00e9 a Chongqing.<\/p>\n

\u8001\u5e08\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u3002
\nL\u01ceosh\u012b y\u00e0o w\u01d2men xu\u00e9x\u00ed.
\nEl profesor quiere que estudiemos.<\/p>\n

\u60f3 (xi\u01ceng) \u201cquerer\u201d<\/h3>\n

Expresa un deseo o tener intenci\u00f3n de.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\u996d\u5e97\u5403\u4e2d\u56fd\u83dc\u3002
\nW\u01d2 xi\u01ceng q\u00f9 Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 f\u00e0ndi\u00e0n ch\u012b zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 c\u00e0i.
\nTengo intenci\u00f3n de ir al restaurante chino a tomar comida china.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e5f\u60f3\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u4e60\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u011b xi\u01ceng q\u00f9 Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 xu\u00e9x\u00ed.
\nYo tambi\u00e9n quiero ir a China a estudiar.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u5728\u670b\u53cb\u90a3\u91cc\u770b\u65e5\u672c\u6f2b\u753b\u3002
\nW\u01d2 xi\u01ceng z\u00e0i p\u00e9ngyou n\u00e0li k\u00e0n R\u00ecb\u011bn m\u00e0nhu\u00e0.
\nQuiero leer manga japon\u00e9s en casa de amigos.<\/p>\n

\u613f\u610f (yu\u00e0nyi) \u201cquerer\u201d<\/h3>\n

Expresa un deseo o tener ganas de algo.<\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u5173\u4e0a\u7535\u89c6\u3002
\nXi\u01ceo h\u00e1izi b\u00f9 yu\u00e0nyi gu\u0101nshang di\u00e0nsh\u00ec.
\nLos ni\u00f1os no quieren apagar la televisi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u613f\u610f\u8ddf\u6211\u5408\u4f5c\u3002
\nT\u0101 yu\u00e0nyi g\u0113n w\u01d2 h\u00e9zu\u00f2.
\n\u00c9l quiere colaborar conmigo.<\/p>\n

Photo Credits: \"Creative<\/a> Chinese Modal Verbs: A Venn Diagram<\/a> by John Pasden<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La lengua china posee una amplia gama de auxiliares modales y no es extra\u00f1o encontrar caracteres que pueden traducirse de la misma forma, pero que poseen ligeras diferencias de significado y se usan en contextos distintos. Para dominar de lleno el chino, hay que examinarlo en detalle aunque, a veces, cuando se habla un idioma, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":11545,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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