{"id":11451,"date":"2017-02-23T03:00:20","date_gmt":"2017-02-23T02:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/?p=11451"},"modified":"2022-03-07T10:06:56","modified_gmt":"2022-03-07T09:06:56","slug":"preguntas-retoricas-chino","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/preguntas-retoricas-chino\/","title":{"rendered":"Las preguntas ret\u00f3ricas en chino"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Las<\/p>\n

La pregunta o interrogaci\u00f3n ret\u00f3rica es una figura ling\u00fc\u00edstica que no representa una petici\u00f3n real de informaci\u00f3n, sino que implica un tipo de respuesta predeterminada. Esta figura ling\u00fc\u00edstica no falta en ning\u00fan idioma y \u200b\u200bsu importancia es evidente. <\/p>\n

De hecho, como pregunta ir\u00f3nicamente Umberto Eco: \u201c\u00bfSon realmente necesarias las preguntas ret\u00f3ricas?\u201d<\/p>\n

Tenemos necesidad de preguntas ret\u00f3ricas para hacer m\u00e1s colorido nuestro lenguaje, reforzando as\u00ed el enunciado. No se espera respuesta cuando se enuncia una pregunta ret\u00f3rica. La puntuaci\u00f3n que ha de colocarse al final de la misma puede ser un signo de interrogaci\u00f3n o uno de exclamaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Como es obvio, tambi\u00e9n el chino<\/a>, idioma de gran riqueza, utiliza las preguntas ret\u00f3ricas de forma recurrente como explicar\u00e9 en este art\u00edculo.<\/p>\n

Preguntas ret\u00f3ricas de base<\/h2>\n

Casi todas las preguntas pueden pronunciarse de forma ret\u00f3rica. Depende del contexto en el que se enuncie.<\/p>\n

\u674e\u62a4\u58eb: \u5929\u54ea\uff01\u90fd\u51e0\u70b9\u4e86\uff1f\u5f20\u533b\u751f\u600e\u4e48\u8fd8\u4e0d\u6765\uff1f\u4ed6\u5728\u5e72\u5417\uff1f
\nLi hushi: Tianna! Dou ji dian le? Zhang yisheng zenme hai bu lai? Ta zai ganma?
\nLa enfermera Li: \u00a1Dios m\u00edo! Pero \u00bfqu\u00e9 horas son estas? \u00bfC\u00f3mo es que el doctor Zhang no ha llegado a\u00fan? \u00bfQu\u00e9 est\u00e1 haciendo?<\/p>\n

En este caso, \u00ab\u00bfQu\u00e9 horas son estas?\u00bb es una pregunta ret\u00f3rica que indica que alguien llega tarde.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe\u8499\u591a\u75c5\u4eba: \u8c01\u77e5\u9053\uff01\u4f60\u5728\u95ee\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u95ee\u8c01\uff1f\u8fde\u4f60\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\uff1f
\nTu Mengduo bingren: shei zhidao! Ni zai wen wo, wo wen shei? Lian ni bu zhidao, wo zenme neng zhidao?
\nEl paciente Tu Mengduo: \u00a1Qui\u00e9n sabe! Me lo preguntas a m\u00ed, y \u00bfa qui\u00e9n le pregunto yo? Si ni siquiera lo sabes t\u00fa, \u00bfc\u00f3mo voy a saberlo yo? <\/p>\n

En este caso, ambas preguntas son ret\u00f3ricas.<\/p>\n

Formular afirmaciones positivas o negativas mediante preguntas ret\u00f3ricas<\/h2>\n

Desde el punto de vista ret\u00f3rico, una pregunta negativa puede emplearse para formular una afirmaci\u00f3n positiva; una pregunta positiva, por su parte, puede usarse para formular una afirmaci\u00f3n negativa. Creemos primero un contexto para comprobar c\u00f3mo funcionan este tipo de preguntas: <\/p>\n

Contexto 1<\/strong>: Un tal se\u00f1or Mai quiere comprar un bonito coche, pero la se\u00f1ora Wang argumenta que no se lo pueden permitir.<\/p>\n

\u738b\u5973\u58eb: \u8c01\u4e0d\u60f3\u4e70\u8fd9\u8f86\u8f66\u5462?\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u54b1\u4eec\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u94b1\u5417\uff1f
\nWang nushi: shei bu xiang mai zhe liang che ne? Bu guo, zanmen you zhe ge qian ma?
\nLa se\u00f1ora Wang: \u00bfQui\u00e9n no querr\u00eda comprar este coche? Pero, \u00bftenemos dinero?<\/p>\n

Contexto 2<\/strong>: Dos amigos est\u00e1n discutiendo porque han encontrado dinero en el suelo. Uno dice que el dinero es suyo, el otro usa una pregunta ret\u00f3rica para decir que el primero no puede demostrarlo.<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb:\u4f60\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u94b1\u662f\u4f60\u7684\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u5199\u7740\u4f60\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5417\uff1f
\nDi er ge pengyou: ni shuo zhe xie qian shi ni de, shangmian xie zhe ni de mingzi ma?
\nEl segundo amigo: Dices que el dinero es tuyo pero, \u00bflleva tu nombre escrito?<\/p>\n

Usar la pregunta \u00abafirmativa seguida de la negativa\u00bb de forma ret\u00f3rica<\/h2>\n

Una pregunta afirmativa seguida de una negativa (por ejemplo, \u4f60\u5403\u4e0d\u5403 – ni chi bu chi – \u201c\u00bflo comes o no?\u201d) de forma ret\u00f3rica indica que el que habla quiere que el interlocutor comparta las mismas sensaciones u opiniones. En este caso, a menudo se usan \u4f60\u8bf4 (ni shuo) \u201cdime\u201d y \u4f60\u60f3\u4e00\u60f3 (ni xiang yi xiang) \u201cpi\u00e9nsalo\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u6bdb\u8001\u5e08: \u4f60\u4eca\u5929\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u8fd9\u4e48\u751f\u6c14\uff1f
\nMao laoshi: ni jintian wei shenme kan qi lai zheme shengqi?
\nEl professor Mao: \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 hoy pareces tan enfadado?<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u8499\u591a: \u4e2d\u6587\u8003\u8bd5\u53c8\u4e0d\u53ca\u683c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u6c14\u4e0d\u6c14\uff1f
\nTu Mengduo: zhongwen kaoshi you bu jige, zhe shi di san ci le, ni shuo, wo qi bu qi?
\nTu Mengduo: he vuelto a suspender el examen de chino y es la tercera vez. Dime, \u00bfno deber\u00eda estar enfadado?<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u624d\u4e5d\u5c81\u5c31\u4f1a\u8bf4\u4e00\u70b9\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u4f60\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u806a\u660e\u4e0d\u806a\u660e\uff1f
\nWo de yi ge xuesheng cai jiu sui jiu hui shuo yidian zhongwen, ni shuo, zhe ge xiao haizi congming bu congming?
\nUna de mis alumnas tiene solo 9 a\u00f1os y ya sabe hablar un poco de chino; dime, \u00bfno es inteligente esa ni\u00f1a? <\/p>\n

Aunque no lo creas, la historia del ejemplo es real.<\/p>\n

El uso de \u4e0d\u662f\u2026\u5417\uff1f(bu shi\u2026 ma?)<\/h2>\n

Esta expresi\u00f3n se usa cuando lo que est\u00e1 ocurriendo no concuerda con lo que sabe el hablante. Por ello usa esta expresi\u00f3n para reafirmar lo que sabe. Por lo general, va seguida o precedida de una pregunta real que implica el uso de \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 (wei shenme) \u201cpor qu\u00e9\u201d y\/o \u600e\u4e48 (zenme) \u201cc\u00f3mo\u201d.<\/p>\n

Contexto<\/strong>: Mi hermana peque\u00f1a me dijo que se levantar\u00eda a las 5 de la ma\u00f1ana para ir a tomar el autob\u00fas de las 6:30 a Catania, pero a las 6 sigue en la cama roncando tranquilamente. As\u00ed que le digo a mi madre:<\/p>\n

\u5988\uff0c\u59b9\u59b9\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u8981\u4e94\u70b9\u8d77\u5e8a\u5417\uff1f\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u516d\u70b9\u4e86\uff0c\u5979\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5750\u516d\u70b9\u534a\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\u5417\uff1f
\nMa, meimei bu shi shuo yao wu dian qichuang ma? Xianzai yijing liu dian le, ta bu shi yao zuo liu dian ban de gonggongqiche ma?
\nMam\u00e1, \u00bfno hab\u00eda dicho mi hermana que ten\u00eda que levantarse a las 5? Ya son las 6, \u00bfno ten\u00eda que tomar el autob\u00fas de las 6:30? <\/p>\n

Nota: Cuando el verbo principal es \u662f (shi) \u201cser\u201d, se usar\u00e1 una sola vez :<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f60\u8fd9\u6837\uff1f\u4f60\u4eec\u4fe9\u4e0d\u662f\u597d\u670b\u53cb\u5417\uff1f
\nWei shenme ni zhe yang? Nimen lia bus hi hao pengyou ma?
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1is as\u00ed? \u00bfNo er\u00e1is buenos amigos los dos?<\/p>\n

A veces encontramos \u90fd (dou) \u201ctodos\u201d y \u4e5f (ye) \u201ctambi\u00e9n\u201d dentro de una de estas preguntas ret\u00f3ricas que implican el uso de \u662f. En este caso, \u90fd y \u4e5f ir\u00e1n posicionados como en los siguientes ejemplos:<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u9080\u8bf7\u4ed6\uff1f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4e5f\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5417\uff1f
\nNi zenme mei you yaoqing ta? Ta bu ye shi ni de pengyou ma?
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo no lo has invitado? \u00bfNo es tambi\u00e9n amigo tuyo?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u9080\u8bf7\u4ed6\u4eec\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u90fd\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5417\uff1f
\nNi zenme mei you yaoqing tamen? Tamen bu dou shi ni de pengyou ma?
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo no los has invitado? \u00bfNo son (todos) tus amigos?<\/p>\n

\u00bfY si va tambi\u00e9n \u5c31 (jiu) \u201cjusto\u201d? \u00bfd\u00f3nde se pone?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u624b\u91cc\u7684\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u5417 \uff1f
\nNi shou li de bu jiu shi qiche de yaoshi ma?
\nLo que tienes en la mano \u00bfno son justo las llaves del coche?<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4e0d\u662f\u5417 (Ke bu shi ma)<\/h2>\n

\u53ef\u4e0d\u662f\u5417 es una expresi\u00f3n que se usa para declarar que se est\u00e1 de acuerdo con lo dicho por una tercera persona:<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u51e0\u5929\u5929\u6c14\u771f\u4e0d\u9519\u554a\uff01
\nZhe ji tian tianqi zhen bucuo a!
\nEn estos d\u00edas, \u00a1el tiempo no est\u00e1 nada mal!<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4e0d\u662f\u5417\uff01
\nKe bu shi ma!
\n\u00a1Tienes raz\u00f3n! (lit: Es justo as\u00ed)<\/p>\n

El uso de \u4f55\u5fc5 (hebi) y \u4f55\u82e6 (heku)<\/h2>\n

\u4f55\u5fc5 puede traducirse como \u201cpor qu\u00e9 se deber\u00eda (hacer)\u201d o \u201cno hay necesidad de\u00bb. Al final de una pregunta ret\u00f3rica con \u4f55\u5fc5 puede encontrarse la part\u00edcula modal \u5462 (ne).<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f55\u5fc5\u82b1\u94b1\u8bf7\u4eba\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff1f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5427\uff01
\nZhe ge xiao wenti, hebi hua qian qing ren lai chuli? Wo ziji lai chuli ba!
\n\u00bfHay necesidad de gastar dinero en hacer venir a alguien para resolver este problemilla?<\/p>\n

\u4f55\u82e6 puede traducirse como \u00ab\u00bfpor qu\u00e9 preocuparse?\u201d o \u201cno vale la pena\u201d. <\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u61c2\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f55\u82e6\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ed6\u751f\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u6c14\uff1f
\nTa zhishi yi ge xiao haizi, hai bu dong shi, heku wei le ta sheng zheme da de qi?
\nEs solo un ni\u00f1o, a\u00fan no entiende, \u00bfvale la pena enfadarse tanto por \u00e9l?<\/p>\n

El uso de \u54ea\u91cc (nali) \u201cd\u00f3nde\u201d<\/h2>\n

El uso de \u54ea\u91cc para hacer preguntas ret\u00f3ricas es muy interesante, ya que se asemeja al uso en castellano.<\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u6211\u5fd9\u5f97\u8981\u6b7b\uff0c\u54ea\u91cc\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u770b\u7535\u89c6\u5267\uff1f\u6211\u8fd8\u8981\u5199\u8bba\u6587\uff01
\nZuijin wo mang de yaosi, nali you shijian kan dianshiju? Wo hai yao xie lunwen!
\n\u00daltimamente estoy muy ocupado, \u00bfde d\u00f3nde voy a sacar tiempo para ver series de tv? \u00a1Tengo que escribir tambi\u00e9n la tesis! <\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\u5929\u6c14\u8fd9\u4e48\u597d\uff0c\u54ea\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u5e26\u4e0a\u96e8\u4f1e\uff1fJintian tianqi zheme hao, nali xuyao daishang yusan?
\nHoy hace tan buen tiempo, \u00bfpara qu\u00e9 me voy a llevar el paraguas? (literalmente ser\u00eda \u201c\u00bfd\u00f3nde est\u00e1 la necesidad de llevar paraguas?\u201d)<\/p>\n

Tambi\u00e9n podemos usar \u54ea\u91cc cuando se quiere responder con modestia a un cumplido, por ejemplo:<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u8bf4\u5f97\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u6d41\u5229\uff01
\nNi de zhongwen shuo de he zhongguo ren yi yang liuli!
\n\u00a1Hablas chino como un chino!<\/p>\n

\u54ea\u91cc\u54ea\u91cc\uff01
\nNali nali!
\n\u00a1No es verdad! (literalmente ser\u00eda \u201cpero \u00bfd\u00f3nde?\u201d usado para indicar modestia)<\/p>\n

El uso de \u96be\u9053 (nandao)\u2026 [\u5417 (ma)]<\/h2>\n

\u96be\u9053 puede traducirse como \u201c\u00bfc\u00f3mo puede ser?\u201d:<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u771f\u5b58\u5728\u554a\uff01
\nNi zhen cunzai a!
\n\u00a1Existe de verdad!<\/p>\n

\u96be\u9053\u662f\u5047\u7684\u5417\uff1f
\nNandao shi jia de ma?
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo va a ser aut\u00e9ntico? (lit: \u00bfC\u00f3mo puede ser que sea aut\u00e9ntico?)<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e48\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u4f60\u8fd8\u4e0d\u61c2\u5417\uff1f
\nZheme mingxian de shiqing, nandao ni hai bu dong ma?
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo puede ser que a\u00fan no entiendas algo tan evidente?<\/p>\n

\u600e\u4e48 (zenme) \u201cc\u00f3mo\u201d en las preguntas ret\u00f3ricas<\/h2>\n

Tambi\u00e9n \u600e\u4e48 se puede usar en las preguntas ret\u00f3ricas:<\/p>\n

\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u4f1a\u9a97\u4f60\uff1f
\nWo zenme hui pian ni?
\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo podr\u00eda enga\u00f1arte?<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48 (shenme) \u201cqu\u00e9\u201d en las preguntas ret\u00f3ricas<\/h2>\n

Hay diversos contextos en los que usar \u4ec0\u4e48 para las preguntas ret\u00f3ricas:<\/p>\n

Adjetivo + \u4ec0\u4e48 (Indica desacuerdo)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u771f\u597d\uff01
\nNi de gongzuo zhen hao!
\n\u00a1Tu trabajo es muy bueno!<\/p>\n

\u597d\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5de5\u8d44\u592a\u4f4e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u505a\u3002
\nHao shenme? Yinwei gongzi tai di, suoyi bu zhide zuo.
\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 tiene de bueno? Con lo bajo que es el salario, no vale la pena hacerlo.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u7d27\u5f20\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u8d76\u4e0d\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u5750\u4e0b\u73ed\u3002
\nNi jinzhang shenme? Gan bu shang, jiu zuo xia ban.
\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 te preocupa? \u00a1Si no logramos subir, tomaremos el siguiente!<\/p>\n

Verbo + \u4ec0\u4e48 (indica que no hay necesidad de hacer algo)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8d70\u8def\u5341\u5206\u949f\u5c31\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u5750\u4ec0\u4e48\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\uff01
\nZoulu shi fenzhong jiu dao le, zuo shenme gonggongqiche!
\nA pie se tarda diez minutos, \u00bfpara qu\u00e9 vamos a tomar el autob\u00fas?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u54ed\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u4f60\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8bd5\uff01
\nNi ku shenme? Hui you yi tian ni hui tongguo kaoshi!
\n\u00bfDe qu\u00e9 sirve llorar? \u00a1Un d\u00eda lograr\u00e1s aprobar el examen!<\/p>\n

El uso de \u5173\u4f60\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b (guan ni shenme shi) \u201c\u00bfQu\u00e9 tiene que ver contigo?<\/h2>\n

Esta expresi\u00f3n se explica por s\u00ed sola:<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8ddf\u8c01\u804a\u5929\uff0c\u5173\u4f60\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\uff1f
\nWo gen shei liaotian, guan ni shenme shi?
\nNo es asunto tuyo con quien hable.<\/p>\n

Photo Credits: Photo by qimono<\/a> on Pixabay<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La pregunta o interrogaci\u00f3n ret\u00f3rica es una figura ling\u00fc\u00edstica que no representa una petici\u00f3n real de informaci\u00f3n, sino que implica un tipo de respuesta predeterminada. Esta figura ling\u00fc\u00edstica no falta en ning\u00fan idioma y \u200b\u200bsu importancia es evidente. De hecho, como pregunta ir\u00f3nicamente Umberto Eco: \u201c\u00bfSon realmente necesarias las preguntas ret\u00f3ricas?\u201d Tenemos necesidad de preguntas […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":11492,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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