{"id":11101,"date":"2017-02-08T03:00:49","date_gmt":"2017-02-08T02:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/?p=11101"},"modified":"2022-02-03T12:01:51","modified_gmt":"2022-02-03T11:01:51","slug":"construcciones-en-serie-chino","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/construcciones-en-serie-chino\/","title":{"rendered":"Las construcciones en serie en el chino"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Construcciones<\/p>\n

El idioma chino a menudo permite la yuxtaposici\u00f3n de dos adjetivos o verbos<\/a> sin la ayuda de ning\u00fan otro elemento, a diferencia de lo que sucede en otros idiomas como el espa\u00f1ol o el ingl\u00e9s. Esta yuxtaposici\u00f3n suele denominarse \u201cconstrucci\u00f3n en serie<\/strong>\u201d. <\/p>\n

Pasemos a aclarar el concepto: una construcci\u00f3n en serie consta de dos (o incluso m\u00e1s) predicados verbales que comparten el mismo sujeto y se suceden sin recurrir a las conjunciones (o comas).<\/p>\n

En el chino hay diferentes tipos de construcciones en serie que se dividen seg\u00fan el significado que quieren expresar.<\/p>\n

Estudiaremos en detalle las diferentes construcciones en serie:<\/p>\n

Construcciones en serie que expresan una secuencia temporal<\/h2>\n

La acci\u00f3n expresada por el primer verbo se produce antes que la expresada por el segundo verbo. Por lo general, tras el primer verbo se encuentra la part\u00edcula perfectiva \u4e86 (le) que ya presentamos en detalle en un art\u00edculo anterior<\/a>.<\/p>\n

A continuaci\u00f3n, algunos ejemplos: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u513f\u5b50\u4e0b\u4e86\u8bfe\u56de\u5bb6\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nW\u01d2 \u00e9rzi xi\u00e0 le k\u00e8 hu\u00edji\u0101 l\u00e1i le.
\nMi hijo, al acabar las clases, ha vuelto a casa.<\/p>\n

\u533b\u751f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5403\u4e86\u836f\u5fc5\u987b\u53bb\u7761\u89c9\u3002
\nY\u012bsh\u0113ng shu\u014d, ch\u012b le y\u00e0o b\u00ecx\u016b q\u00f9 shu\u00ecji\u00e0o.
\nEl doctor dijo que, al tomar las pastillas, debo acostarme.<\/p>\n

Construcciones en serie que expresan un prop\u00f3sito<\/h2>\n

La acci\u00f3n descrita por el segundo verbo es el prop\u00f3sito de la acci\u00f3n expresada por el primer verbo. A menudo, precede al segundo verbo el car\u00e1cter \u6765 (l\u00e1i) que en este caso se puede traducir como \u00abpara\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Ejemplos: <\/p>\n

\u6211\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u5e86\u5b66\u4e60\u6c49\u8bed\u3002
\nW\u01d2 l\u00e1id\u00e0ole Ch\u00f3ngq\u00ecng xu\u00e9x\u00ed H\u00e0ny\u01d4.
\nVine a Chongqing para estudiar chino.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u5e86\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u6c49\u8bed\u3002
\nW\u01d2 l\u00e1id\u00e0ole Ch\u00f3ngq\u00ecng l\u00e1i xu\u00e9x\u00ed H\u00e0ny\u01d4.
\nVine a Chongqing para estudiar chino.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u53bb\u8d85\u5e02\u4e70\u4e1c\u897f\u3002
\nW\u01d2 q\u00f9 ch\u0101osh\u00ec m\u01cei d\u014dngxi.
\nVoy al supermercado para comprar algo.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u53bb\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6765\u501f\u4e66\u3002
\nW\u01d2 xi\u01ceng q\u00f9 t\u00fash\u016bgu\u01cen l\u00e1i ji\u00e8 sh\u016b.
\nTengo intenci\u00f3n de ir a la biblioteca para sacar libros en pr\u00e9stamo.<\/p>\n

Importante: Expresiones como \u4ee5\u4fbf (y\u01d0bi\u00e0n), que significa \u201ca fin de\u201d o \u4ee5\u514d(y\u01d0mi\u01cen), que significa \u201cpara evitar que\u201d, resultan muy \u00fatiles en las construcciones en serie para indicar un prop\u00f3sito.<\/p>\n

Ejemplos: <\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u6587\u4ee5\u4fbf\u627e\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\nT\u0101 xu\u00e9x\u00ed Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n y\u01d0bi\u00e0n zh\u01ceod\u00e0o g\u014dngzu\u00f2.
\n\u00c9l estudia chino a fin de encontrar trabajo.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u52aa\u529b\u5b66\u4e60\u4ee5\u514d\u8ba9\u5988\u5988\u96be\u8fc7\u3002
\nW\u01d2 n\u01d4l\u00ec xu\u00e9x\u00ed y\u01d0mi\u01cen r\u00e0ng m\u0101ma n\u00e1ngu\u00f2.
\nEstudio mucho para evitar que mi madre est\u00e9 triste.<\/p>\n

Construcciones en serie que contienen \u7528, \u5750, \u7740 y dem\u00e1s<\/h2>\n

La estructura para las construcciones en serie que contienen \u7528 (y\u00f2ng), que significa \u201cusar\u201d, \u5750 (zu\u00f2), que significa \u201cdesplazarse\u201d y \u7740 (zhe) o part\u00edcula de duraci\u00f3n, es la siguiente:<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5e73\u65f6\u5750\u7535\u68af\u4e0a\u4e03\u697c\u3002
\nW\u01d2 p\u00edngsh\u00ed zu\u00f2 di\u00e0nt\u012b sh\u00e0ng q\u012b l\u00f3u.
\nSuelo subir al s\u00e9ptimo piso en ascensor.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002
\nW\u01d2men zu\u00ech\u01ceo y\u00f2ng Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n shu\u014dhu\u00e0.
\nEs mejor que hablemos en chino.<\/p>\n

\u5979\u7684\u7537\u670b\u53cb\u63e1\u7740\u5979\u7684\u624b\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u7231\u4f60\u3002
\nT\u0101 de n\u00e1np\u00e9ngyou w\u00f2zhe t\u0101 de sh\u01d2u shu\u014d: w\u01d2 \u00e0i n\u01d0.
\nSu prometido, agarr\u00e1ndole la mano, le dijo: te amo.<\/p>\n

Otros casos<\/h2>\n

A continuaci\u00f3n, un ejemplo de construcci\u00f3n en serie en la que el verbo principal va seguido de un segundo verbo que no a\u00f1ade ninguna informaci\u00f3n nueva, sino que repite la misma idea desde una perspectiva diferente utilizando una expresi\u00f3n negativa ant\u00f3nima:<\/p>\n

\u8b66\u5bdf\u6293\u4f4f\u5c0f\u5077\u4e0d\u653e\u3002
\nJ\u01d0ngch\u00e1 zhu\u0101zh\u00f9 xi\u01ceot\u014du b\u00f9 f\u00e0ng.
\nLos polic\u00edas atraparon al ladr\u00f3n y no lo dejaron escapar. <\/p>\n

Estos son algunos ejemplos de construcciones en serie con el verbo \u6709 seguido de su objeto y de otro verbo que expresa una acci\u00f3n intencionada que hace referencia a ese objeto (muy a menudo, antes del segundo verbo hay un auxiliar modal):<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eca\u5929\u6ca1\u6709\u94b1\u53ef\u4ee5\u82b1\u3002
\nW\u01d2 j\u012bnti\u0101n m\u00e9iy\u01d2u qi\u00e1n k\u011by\u01d0 hu\u0101.
\nHoy no tengo dinero que gastar.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u8981\u5199\u5b8c\u3002
\nW\u01d2 h\u00e1i y\u01d2u y\u012b pi\u0101n l\u00f9nw\u00e9n y\u00e0o xi\u011bw\u00e1n.
\nA\u00fan tengo una tesis que terminar de escribir.<\/p>\n

\u54ea\u91cc\u6709\u9992\u5934\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e70\uff1f
\nN\u01celi y\u01d2u m\u00e1ntou k\u011by\u01d0 m\u01cei?
\n\u00bfD\u00f3nde se pueden comprar los mantou?<\/p>\n

\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u544a\u8bc9\u5979\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u00e9iy\u01d2u sh\u00e9nme f\u00f9 z\u00e9r\u00e8n g\u00e0osu t\u0101.
\nNo tengo responsabilidad alguna de informarle.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u6bcf\u5929\u5230\u5979\u90a3\u91cc\u80e1\u8bf4\u516b\u9053\u3002
\nN\u01d0 m\u00e9iy\u01d2u l\u01d0y\u00f3u m\u011biti\u0101n d\u00e0o t\u0101 n\u00e0li h\u00fashu\u014db\u0101d\u00e0o.
\nNo tienes motivos para acercarte a ella todos los d\u00edas y decir tonter\u00edas.<\/p>\n

\u00a1Ayuda!<\/h2>\n

Como habr\u00e1s observado, las cinco construcciones en serie que enumero en este art\u00edculo no tienen un nombre espec\u00edfico, pues no he logrado averiguar la terminolog\u00eda adecuada. <\/p>\n

Por ello, me dirijo a vosotros, queridos lectores, con la esperanza de que pod\u00e1is ayudarme a encontrar los nombres t\u00e9cnicos, escribi\u00e9ndolos en los comentarios. \u00a1Gracias de coraz\u00f3n!<\/p>\n

Photo Credits: \"Creative<\/a> Chinese Characters<\/a> by j.casey.oneill<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El idioma chino a menudo permite la yuxtaposici\u00f3n de dos adjetivos o verbos sin la ayuda de ning\u00fan otro elemento, a diferencia de lo que sucede en otros idiomas como el italiano o el ingl\u00e9s. Esta yuxtaposici\u00f3n suele denominarse \u201cconstrucci\u00f3n en serie\u201d.<\/p>\n

Pasemos a aclarar el concepto: una construcci\u00f3n en serie consta de dos (o incluso m\u00e1s) predicados verbales que comparten el mismo sujeto y se suceden sin recurrir a las conjunciones (o comas).<\/p>\n

En el chino hay diferentes tipos de construcciones en serie que se dividen seg\u00fan el significado que quieren expresar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":11178,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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Actualmente es profesor de lengua china en el instituto cient\u00edfico \\\"A. 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Esta yuxtaposici\u00f3n suele denominarse \u201cconstrucci\u00f3n en serie\u201d. Pasemos a aclarar el concepto: una construcci\u00f3n en serie consta de dos (o…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11101"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11101\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11178"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}