{"id":10486,"date":"2017-12-06T03:00:32","date_gmt":"2017-12-06T02:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/?p=10486"},"modified":"2022-02-07T22:55:57","modified_gmt":"2022-02-07T21:55:57","slug":"ba-gramatica-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/ba-gramatica-china\/","title":{"rendered":"Las construcciones con \u628a (b\u01ce) en la gram\u00e1tica china"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Las<\/p>\n

Las oraciones con \u628a (b\u01ce) representan una caracter\u00edstica peculiar de la lengua china. La funci\u00f3n del car\u00e1cter \u628a deriva directamente del chino cl\u00e1sico donde ten\u00eda el significado de \u00abtomar\u00bb. <\/p>\n

Este car\u00e1cter se usa en la actualidad como verbo \u00abtomar\u201d y como clasificador de objetos movibles (\u4e24\u628a\u6905\u5b50, li\u01ceng b\u01ce y\u01d0zi, \u201cdos sillas\u201d). <\/p>\n

Las oraciones con \u628a se utilizan para poner \u00e9nfasis en el resultado o consecuencia de un verbo. Para que nos resulte m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil, podemos pensar que las oraciones con \u628a responden a la pregunta \u201c\u00bfQu\u00e9 le hizo el sujeto al objeto?<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Al utilizar oraciones con \u628a b\u01ce, la posici\u00f3n del objeto cambia: se \u201canticipa<\/strong>\u201d. Si, por regla general, la oraci\u00f3n simple en chino es Sujeto + Verbo + Objeto, en este caso se convierte en Sujeto + Objeto + Verbo<\/strong>, calco derivado directamente del chino cl\u00e1sico y usado a\u00fan hoy en el japon\u00e9s moderno que, recordemos, es m\u00e1s similar al chino cl\u00e1sico que el chino moderno. <\/p>\n

Las estructuras con \u628a, como hemos dicho, sirven para poner \u00e9nfasis en el efecto que se aplica a un objeto dado, para lo cual, el verbo no ser\u00e1 suficiente. Por ello, inmediatamente despu\u00e9s del verbo deber\u00e1n insertarse \u201cotros elementos<\/strong>\u201d que indican el resultado<\/strong> causado por la acci\u00f3n. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Condiciones a cumplir<\/h2>\n

Para poder formular una oraci\u00f3n con \u628a, deben cumplirse una serie de condiciones.<\/p>\n

Primera condici\u00f3n<\/strong>: el objeto debe referirse a algo concreto y definido. El orador y el hablante saben exactamente de lo que est\u00e1n hablando.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5f1f\u5f1f\u628a<\/strong>\u9e21\u86cb\u5403\u4e86\u3002
\nW\u01d2 d\u00ecdi b\u01ce j\u012bd\u00e0n ch\u012b le.
\nMi hermano peque\u00f1o se ha comido los huevos.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u628a<\/strong>\u684c\u5b50\u64e6\u5e72\u51c0\u4e86\u3002
\nT\u0101 b\u01ce zhu\u014dzi c\u0101 g\u0101nj\u00ecng le.
\n\u00c9l ha limpiado la mesa.<\/p>\n

Segunda condici\u00f3n<\/strong>: la acci\u00f3n expresada por el verbo debe llevar a una conclusi\u00f3n o debe ser completada. Por ello, suelen usarse verbos o part\u00edculas que expresan cambio. Por ejemplo, se usan los resultativos<\/strong> o la part\u00edcula \u4e86 (le)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

A continuaci\u00f3n, algunos ejemplos:<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8fd8\u6ca1\u628a<\/strong>\u8bba\u6587\u5199\u5b8c\u4e86\u3002
\nW\u01d2 h\u00e1i m\u00e9i b\u01ce l\u00f9nw\u00e9n xi\u011bw\u00e1n le.
\nNo he terminado a\u00fan de escribir la tesis.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u628a<\/strong>\u91cd\u5e86\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5fd8\u4e86\u3002
\nW\u01d2 b\u01ce Ch\u00f3ngq\u00ecng d\u00e0xu\u00e9 de d\u00eczh\u01d0 w\u00e0ngle.
\nHe olvidado la direcci\u00f3n de la Universidad Chongqing.<\/p>\n

\u5343\u4e07\uff0c\u522b\u628a<\/strong>\u6c49\u5b57\u5199\u9519\uff01
\nQi\u0101nw\u00e0n, bi\u00e9 b\u01ce H\u00e0nz\u00ec xi\u011b cu\u00f2!
\nPor favor, \u00a1no escribas mal los caracteres!<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u628a<\/strong>\u5564\u9152\u5e26\u8d70\u4e86\u3002
\nT\u0101 h\u011bn ku\u00e0i de b\u01ce p\u00edji\u01d4 d\u00e0iz\u01d2u le.
\n\u00c9l hizo desaparecer r\u00e1pido la cerveza.<\/p>\n

\u8c01\u628a<\/strong>\u95e8\u9501\u4e86\uff1f
\nShe\u00ed b\u01cem\u00e9n su\u01d2 le?
\n\u00bfQui\u00e9n ha cerrado la puerta con llave?<\/p>\n

Tercera condici\u00f3n<\/strong>: cuando tenemos una duplicaci\u00f3n del verbo o un modificador de intensidad (\u4e00\u4e0b(y\u012bxi\u00e0), \u4e00\u70b9(y\u012bdi\u01cen), o \u201cun poco\u201d).<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u628a<\/strong>\u623f\u95f4\u6536\u62fe\u6536\u62fe\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u012bngg\u0101i b\u01ce f\u00e1ngji\u0101n sh\u014dushi sh\u014dushi.
\nDeber\u00eda poner en orden mi habitaci\u00f3n. <\/p>\n

Cuarta condici\u00f3n<\/strong>: en presencia de un complemento de grado.<\/p>\n

\u8bf7\u628a<\/strong>\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u5f00\u5f97\u5927\u58f0\u4e00\u70b9\u3002
\nQ\u01d0ng b\u01ce sh\u014duy\u012bnj\u012b k\u0101i de d\u00e0sh\u0113ng y\u012bdi\u01cen.
\nPor favor, sube un poco el volumen de la radio.<\/p>\n

Quinta condici\u00f3n<\/strong>: en las oraciones imperativas cuando al final encontramos la part\u00edcula \u7740 (zhe) que indica la persistencia de la acci\u00f3n. <\/p>\n

\u8bf7\u628a<\/strong>\u706f\u62ff\u7740\u3002
\nQ\u01d0ng b\u01ce d\u0113ng n\u00e1zhe.
\nPor favor, sujeta la bombilla.<\/p>\n

\u8bf7\u628a<\/strong>\u94b1\u5305\u62ff\u7740\u3002
\nQ\u01d0ng b\u01ce qi\u00e1nb\u0101o n\u00e1zhe.
\nPor favor, suj\u00e9tame la cartera.<\/p>\n

Sexta condici\u00f3n<\/strong>: en presencia de los caracteres \u4e3a (w\u00e8i), \u6210 (ch\u00e9ng), \u4f5c (zu\u00f2) o \u5f53\u4f5c (d\u00e0ngzu\u00f2), todos con el significado de \u00abconvertirse\u00bb, \u00abactuar como\u00bb, \u00abconsiderar como\u00bb, \u00abusar como\u00bb, etc.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u628a<\/strong>\u83ab\u8a00\u5199\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6587\u3002
\nW\u01d2 xi\u01ceng b\u01ce M\u00f2 Y\u00e1n xi\u011b de xi\u01ceoshu\u014d f\u0101ny\u00ec ch\u00e9ng Y\u00ecd\u00e0l\u00ec w\u00e9n.
\nQuiero traducir al italiano las novelas escritas por Mo Yan.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u628a<\/strong>\u91cd\u5e86\u770b\u4f5c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u3002
\nW\u01d2 b\u01ce Ch\u00f3ngq\u00ecng k\u00e0nzu\u00f2 z\u00ecj\u01d0 de ji\u0101.
\nConsidero Chongqing mi hogar.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a<\/strong>\u6211\u770b\u4f5c\u5bb6\u91cc\u4eba\u3002
\nT\u0101men b\u01ce w\u01d2 k\u00e0nzu\u00f2 ji\u0101l\u01d0 r\u00e9n.
\nMe consideran como parte de la familia.<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u96e8\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5fd8\u4e86\u5e26\u96e8\u4f1e\u3002\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a<\/strong>\u4e66\u5305\u7528\u4f5c\u96e8\u4f1e\u3002
\nXi\u00e0y\u01d4 le, w\u01d2 w\u00e0ngle d\u00e0i y\u01d4s\u01cen. W\u01d2 k\u011by\u01d0 b\u01ce sh\u016bb\u0101o y\u00f2ngzu\u00f2 y\u01d4s\u01cen.
\nSe ha puesto a llover y he olvidado traer paraguas. Puedo usar la mochila como paraguas.<\/p>\n

S\u00e9ptima condici\u00f3n<\/strong>: en presencia de lugares o complementos de direcci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u628a<\/strong>\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u7c89\u7b14\u653e\u5728\u76d2\u5b50\u91cc\u3002
\nW\u01d2 b\u01ce zhu\u014dzi sh\u00e0ng de f\u1eb9\u030cnb\u01d0 f\u00e0ng z\u00e0i h\u00e9zi l\u01d0.
\nHe puesto la tiza sobre la mesa dentro de la caja.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u628a<\/strong>\u6c7d\u8f66\u5f00\u8fdb\u8f66\u5e93\u53bb\u4e86\u3002
\nW\u01d2 b\u01ce q\u00ecch\u0113 k\u0101ij\u00ecn ch\u0113k\u00f9 q\u00f9 le.
\nHe llevado (conduciendo) el coche al garaje.<\/p>\n

\u8bf7\u4ece\u4e66\u67b6\u4e0a\u628a<\/strong>\u4e66\u62ff\u4e0b\u6765\u5427\u3002
\nQ\u01d0ng c\u00f3ng sh\u016bji\u00e0 sh\u00e0ng b\u01ce sh\u016b n\u00e1 xi\u00e0lai ba.
\nPor favor, toma el libro del estante superior.<\/p>\n

\u97e9\u56fd\u540c\u5b66\u628a<\/strong>\u6c49\u5b57\u5199\u5728\u9ed1\u677f\u4e0a\u3002
\nH\u00e1ngu\u00f3 t\u00f3ngxu\u00e9 b\u01ce H\u00e0nz\u00ec xi\u011b z\u00e0i h\u0113ib\u01cen sh\u00e0ng.
\nEl compa\u00f1ero de clase coreano ha escrito los caracteres en la pizarra.<\/p>\n

Aclaraciones sobre \u628a<\/h2>\n

Si la oraci\u00f3n es negativa, el adverbio de negaci\u00f3n precede inmediatamente a \u628a:<\/p>\n

\u6211\u6628\u5929\u6ca1\u628a<\/strong>\u5bab\u4fdd\u9e21\u4e01\u5403\u5b8c\u3002
\nW\u01d2 zu\u00f3ti\u0101n m\u00e9i b\u01ce g\u014dngb\u01ceo j\u012bd\u012bng ch\u012bw\u00e1n.
\nAyer no termin\u00e9 de comer el Gongbao Jiding.<\/p>\n

Los auxiliares modales preceden siempre a \u628a:<\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u628a<\/strong>\u7535\u89c6\u5173\u4e0a\u3002
\nXi\u01ceo h\u00e1izi b\u00f9 yu\u00e0nyi b\u01ce di\u00e0nsh\u00ec gu\u0101nshang.
\nLos ni\u00f1os no quieren apagar la televisi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Nunca se debe a\u00f1adir la part\u00edcula \u8fc7:<\/p>\n

\u5343\u4e07\uff0c\u522b\u628a<\/strong>\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba9\u7ed9\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u3002
\nQi\u0101nw\u00e0n, bi\u00e9 b\u01ce xu\u00e9x\u00ed Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n de sh\u00edji\u0101n r\u00e0ngg\u011bi w\u00e1n y\u00f3ux\u00ec.
\nPor favor, no emplees el tiempo de estudiar chino en jugar.<\/p>\n

Importante<\/strong>: en el lenguaje escrito, a veces, se pueden encontrar \u5c06 (ji\u0101ng) en lugar de \u628a. El significado de la oraci\u00f3n no cambia, s\u00f3lo hay que prestar atenci\u00f3n al uso de \u5c06.<\/p>\n

Photo Credits: \"Creative<\/a> Chinese Characters<\/a> by -RS-<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Las oraciones con \u628a (b\u01ce) representan una caracter\u00edstica peculiar de la lengua china. La funci\u00f3n del car\u00e1cter \u628a deriva directamente del chino cl\u00e1sico donde ten\u00eda el significado de \u00abtomar\u00bb. Este car\u00e1cter se usa en la actualidad como verbo \u00abtomar\u201d y como clasificador de objetos movibles (\u4e24\u628a\u6905\u5b50, li\u01ceng b\u01ce y\u01d0zi, \u201cdos sillas\u201d). Las oraciones con \u628a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":10609,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[321,17],"class_list":["post-10486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aprender-chino","tag-learn-chinese-sidebar","tag-aprender-chino"],"yoast_head":"\nLas construcciones con \u628a (b\u01ce) en la gram\u00e1tica china<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Descubre como se usa la part\u00edcula \u628a (b\u01ce) en la gram\u00e1tica china\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/ba-gramatica-china\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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La funci\u00f3n del car\u00e1cter \u628a deriva directamente del chino cl\u00e1sico donde ten\u00eda el significado de \u00abtomar\u00bb. Este car\u00e1cter se usa en la actualidad como verbo \u00abtomar\u201d y como clasificador de objetos movibles (\u4e24\u628a\u6905\u5b50, li\u01ceng b\u01ce y\u01d0zi, \u201cdos sillas\u201d). Las oraciones con \u628a…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10486","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10486"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10486\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10609"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10486"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10486"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}