{"id":16327,"date":"2018-02-01T03:00:54","date_gmt":"2018-02-01T02:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/?p=16327"},"modified":"2022-02-11T10:37:07","modified_gmt":"2022-02-11T09:37:07","slug":"special-constructions-chinese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/special-constructions-chinese\/","title":{"rendered":"Special Constructions in Chinese"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Special<\/p>\n

In this article, we’ll see special constructions, peculiar to the Chinese language that will make your expressions in Chinese more elegant.<\/p>\n

\u5982 and \u4e0d\u5982<\/h3>\n

\u5982 (r\u00fa) \u201cto be equal to, like a\u201d is used more in the formal written form than in the spoken language. The comparison is created when it’s mainly used metaphorically.<\/p>\n

Here are a few examples: <\/p>\n

\u5979\u5982\u82b1\u4e00\u6837\u6f02\u4eae\u3002
\nT\u0101 r\u00fa hu\u0101 y\u1ecb\u0304y\u00e0ng pi\u00e0oliang.
\nShe is as pretty as a flower.<\/p>\n

\u5979\u5982\u6708\u4eae\u4e00\u6837\u660e\u4eae\u3002
\nT\u0101 r\u00fa yu\u00e8liang y\u1ecb\u0304y\u00e0ng m\u00edngli\u00e0ng.
\nShe is as bright as the Moon.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5982\u98de\u673a\u4e00\u6837\u5feb\u3002
\nT\u0101 r\u00fa f\u0113ij\u012b y\u1ecb\u0304y\u00e0ng ku\u00e0i.
\nHe is as fast as a plane.<\/p>\n

\u6e56\u6c34\u5982\u955c\u3002
\nH\u00fashu\u01d0 r\u00fa j\u00ecng.
\nThe lake is a mirror.<\/p>\n

\u65f6\u95f4\u5982\u6d41\u6c34\u3002
\nSh\u00edji\u0101n r\u00fa li\u00fashu\u01d0.
\nTime is like water that flows.<\/p>\n

\u5982 is often found inside 4 and 2 character constructions that can be memorized as they are. For example:<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u5982\u4eba\u610f (j\u00ecn r\u00fa r\u00e9ny\u00ec) \u201cthings develop according to their desires\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4eba\u751f\u5982\u620f (r\u00e9nsh\u0113ng r\u00fa x\u00ec) \u201clife is like a theatrical opera\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5982\u80f6\u4f3c\u6f06 (r\u00fa ji\u0101o s\u00ec q\u012b) \u201cattached together as if they were glued\u201d (for those who love each other)<\/p>\n

\u5982\u706b\u5982\u837c (r\u00fa hu\u01d2 r\u00fa t\u00fa) \u201cwith force\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5f80\u4e8b\u5982\u70df (w\u01ceng sh\u00ec r\u00fa y\u0101n) \u201cpast events have vanished like a cloud of smoke\u201d<\/p>\n

\u8eab\u8f7b\u5982\u71d5 (sh\u0113n q\u012bng r\u00fa y\u00e0n) \u201clight as a feather\u201d (a light body)<\/p>\n

\u5982\u83b7\u81f3\u5b9d (r\u00fa hu\u00f2 zh\u00ec b\u01ceo) \u201ctouch the sky with a finger\u201d (like having found a priceless treasure)<\/p>\n

\u5bbe\u81f3\u5982\u5f52 (b\u012bn zh\u00ec r\u00fa gu\u012b) \u201cto feel at home\u201d <\/p>\n

\u5982\u51fa\u4e00\u53e3 (r\u00fa ch\u016b y\u012b k\u01d2u) \u201cunanimously\u201d <\/p>\n

\u5982\u51fa\u4e00\u8f99 (r\u00fa ch\u016b y\u012b\u0320 zh\u00e9) \u201cto be flour from the same sack\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5982\u5815\u4e94\u91cc\u96fe\u4e2d (r\u00fa du\u00f2 w\u01d4l\u01d0 w\u00f9zh\u014dng) \u201cto feel lost\u201d (as in five leagues of fog)<\/p>\n

\u5982\u91ca\u91cd\u8d1f (r\u00fa sh\u00ec zh\u00f2ng f\u00f9) \u201cas relieved of a great weight\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5982\u6570\u5bb6\u73cd (r\u00fa sh\u01d4 ji\u0101 zh\u0113n) \u201cto know like one’s own pockets\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5982\u9c7c\u5f97\u6c34 (r\u00fa y\u00fa d\u00e9 shu\u01d0) \u201chappy like an Easter\u201d (like a fish in water)<\/p>\n

\u65f6\u95f4\u5982\u6d41\u6c34 (sh\u00edji\u0101n r\u00fa li\u00fashu\u01d0) \u201ctime is like water that flows\u201d (flows quickly)<\/p>\n

\u6829\u6829\u5982\u751f (x\u1ee5\u030cx\u01d4 r\u00fa sh\u0113ng) \u201crealistic\/vivid (as in life)\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4e0b (r\u00fa xi\u00e0) \u201cas below\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4e0a (r\u00fa sh\u00e0ng) \u201cas above\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4e00 (r\u00fa y\u012b) \u201csame as before\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5982\u6b64 (r\u00fac\u01d0) \u201cso\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4eca (r\u00fa j\u012bn) \u201cright now\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5982\u5e38 (r\u00fa ch\u00e1ng) \u201clike always, as usual\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u5982 (b\u00f9r\u00fa) \u201cto be inferior to, not like a\u201d is used to form comparatives of minority when the characteristic evidenced in the comparison is a positive quality.<\/p>\n

Here are some examples: <\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4e0d\u5982\u8001\u5e08\u6f02\u4eae\u3002
\nN\u01d0 b\u00f9r\u00fa l\u01ceosh\u012b pi\u00e0oliang.
\nYou’re not as pretty as the professor \/ you’re less pretty than the professor. <\/p>\n

\u8001\u5e08\u4e0d\u5982\u4f60\u806a\u660e\u3002
\nL\u01ceosh\u012b b\u00f9r\u00fa n\u01d0 c\u014dngming.
\nThe professor isn’t as smart as you are \/ the professor is less intelligent than you are.<\/p>\n

Adjectives like “short” and “small”, just to use two examples, are not considered positive qualities, so we’ll use the comparative of minority with \u6ca1\u6709 (m\u00e9iy\u01d2u) and not \u4e0d\u5982.<\/p>\n

Here are some examples:<\/p>\n

\u5988\u5988\u4e0d\u5982\u7238\u7238\u9ad8\u3002
\nM\u0101ma b\u00f9r\u00fa b\u00e0ba g\u0101o.
\nMy mother is not as tall as my dad (\u201ctall\u201d is considered a positive characteristic).<\/p>\n

\u7238\u7238\u4e0d\u5982\u5988\u5988\u77ee\u3002
\nB\u00e0ba b\u00f9r\u00fa m\u0101ma \u01cei.
\nMy dad is not as short as my mom [You can’t do this because \u201cshort\u201d is considered a negative characteristic].<\/p>\n

If we wanted to make a phrase like that, we will use \u6ca1\u6709:<\/p>\n

\u7238\u7238\u6ca1\u6709\u5988\u5988\u77ee\u3002
\nb\u00e0ba m\u00e9iy\u01d2u m\u0101ma \u01cei.
\nMy dad is not as short as my mom.<\/p>\n

When the adjective is used in construction with \u4e0d\u5982 and \u597d(h\u01ceo) \u201cto be good, to be well\u201d, \u597d can be omitted. <\/p>\n

Here are some examples: <\/p>\n

\u8c01\u90fd\u4e0d\u5982\u4ed6\u597d\u3002
\nShu\u00ed d\u014du b\u00f9r\u00fa t\u0101 h\u01ceo.
\nNobody is better than him.<\/p>\n

\u8c01\u90fd\u4e0d\u5982\u4ed6\u3002
\nShu\u00ed d\u014du b\u00f9r\u00fa t\u0101 h\u01ceo.
\nNobody is better than him.<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5e38\u8bf4\uff1a\u6765\u5f97\u65e9\u4e0d\u5982\u6765\u5f97\u5de7\u3002(\u597dh\u01ceo )
\nZh\u014dnggu\u00f3r\u00e9n ch\u00e1ng shu\u014d: l\u00e1ide z\u01ceo b\u00f9r\u00fa l\u00e1ide qi\u01ceo.
\nThe Chinese often say: arriving early isn’t (good) as arriving on time.<\/p>\n

\u62e9\u65e5\u4e0d\u5982\u649e\u65e5\uff0c\u5c31\u4eca\u5929\u5427\uff01\t(\u597dh\u01ceo is omitted omesso)
\nZ\u00e9r\u00ec b\u00f9r\u00fa zhu\u00e0ng r\u00ec, ji\u00f9 j\u012bnti\u0101n ba!
\nChoosing a date isn’t as (good) as doing it randomly, so we’ll do it today!<\/p>\n

\u6700, \u4e4b\u4e00, \u5176\u4e2d y \u5f53\u4e2d<\/h3>\n

In the article about auxiliary modals<\/a> we already saw the character \u6700(zu\u00ec) \u201cthe most, above all, more than all\u201d used immediately before the auxiliary \u4f1a (hu\u00ec) to express that someone is better at doing something:<\/p>\n

\u6bdb\u8001\u5e08\u6700\u4f1a\u753b\u753b\u3002
\nM\u00e1o l\u01ceosh\u012b zu\u00ec hu\u00ec hu\u00e0 hu\u00e0.
\nProfessor Mao is best at painting.<\/p>\n

\u6700 (zu\u00ec), moreover, can be placed in the position immediately preceding the adjective to express the absolute superlative form:<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u6700\u9ad8\u3002
\nT\u0101 zu\u00ecg\u0101o.
\nHe is the tallest\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6700\u8d35\u3002
\nZh\u00e8 b\u011bn sh\u016b zu\u00ec gu\u00ec.
\nThis book is the most expensive.<\/p>\n

As you can see, when using the absolute superlative form, you never put the conjunction represented by the character \u662f (sh\u00ec) \u201cto be\u201d. We can say that \u6700 functions as a predicate adjective, so it has the intrinsic value of “to be the most\u201d.<\/p>\n

Note this in the following examples:<\/p>\n

\u5317\u4eac\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u3002
\nB\u011bij\u012bng sh\u00ec Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 zu\u00ec pi\u00e0oliang de ch\u00e9ngsh\u00ec.
\nBeijing is the prettiest city in China.<\/p>\n

\u957f\u57ce\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u957f\u7684\u57ce\u3002
\nCh\u00e1ngch\u00e9ng sh\u00ec sh\u00ecji\u00e8 sh\u00e0ng zu\u00ecch\u00e1ng de ch\u00e9ng.
\nThe Great Wall is the longest wall in the world.<\/p>\n

\u62ab\u8428\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u597d\u5403\u7684\u98df\u7269\u3002
\nP\u012bs\u00e0 sh\u00ec sh\u00ecji\u00e8 sh\u00e0ng zu\u00ech\u01ceoch\u012b de sh\u00edw\u00f9.
\nPizza is the best food in the world.<\/p>\n

In the examples listed above, there’s the character \u662f\u201cto be\u201d. Nevertheless, this introduces the specifier and not the specified when \u6700 is present.<\/p>\n

The construction \u201c\u6700 (zu\u00ec) \/ \u518d (z\u00e0i) + Adjective + \u4e0d\u8fc7 (b\u00f9 guo) \u201dindicates that the adjective that is used has reached its maximum level. For example: <\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5df2\u7ecf\u518d\u6e05\u695a\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e86\u3002
\nZh\u00e8y\u00e0ng de ji\u011bsh\u00ec y\u01d0jing z\u00e0i q\u012bngchu bugu\u00f2 le.
\nBy now the explanation couldn’t be clearer than this.<\/p>\n

\u6700 (zu\u00ec) could be followed by the predicative adjective \u597d (h\u01ceo) and a verb to indicate the best things to do: \u201cis better than\u2026\u201d <\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u96e8\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u51fa\u53bb\u3002
\nXi\u00e0y\u01d4 le, w\u01d2men zu\u00ech\u01ceo b\u00f9 ch\u016bqu.
\nIt started raining, it’s better if we don’t go out.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u4f60\u6700\u597d\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\u3002
\nW\u01d2 xi\u01ceng n\u01d0 zu\u00ech\u01ceo b\u01ceoch\u00ed ch\u00e9nm\u00f2.
\nI think it’s best that we stay silent.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u6700\u597d\u4f11\u606f\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002
\nN\u01d0 zu\u00ech\u01ceo xi\u016bxi y\u1ecb\u0304xi\u00e0.
\nIt’s best if you rest a bit.<\/p>\n

\u4e4b\u4e00 (zh\u012by\u012b), translatable as “one of”, is inserted at the end of the phrase.<\/p>\n

\u5979\u662f\u6211\u7684\u597d\u670b\u53cb\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
\nT\u0101 sh\u00ec w\u01d2 de h\u01ceo p\u00e9ngyou zh\u012by\u012b.
\nShe is one of my best friends.<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
\nDu\u00ec w\u01d2 l\u00e1i shu\u014d, Ni\u01d4yu\u0113 sh\u00ec sh\u00ecji\u00e8 sh\u00e0ng zu\u00ec pi\u00e0oliang de ch\u00e9ngsh\u00ec zh\u012by\u012b.
\nIn my opinion, New York is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u767e\u4e8b\u53ef\u4e50\u662f\u6700\u597d\u559d\u7684\u6c7d\u6c34\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
\nZh\u014dnggu\u00f3r\u00e9n ju\u00e9de b\u01cei sh\u00ec k\u011bl\u00e8 sh\u00ec zu\u00ech\u01ceo h\u0113 de q\u00ecshu\u01d0 zh\u012by\u012b.
\nThe Chinese consider Pepsi as being one of the best drinks.<\/p>\n

In classic Chinese, \u5176 (q\u00ed) indicates \u201cthat \/ those\u201d, referring to something or someone mentioned before. \u5176\u4e2d (q\u00edzh\u014dng) is derived from classic Chinese and expresses the meaning of “among those”, referring to something mentioned before.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u82f9\u679c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u01d2u s\u00ec g\u00e8 p\u00ednggu\u01d2, q\u00edzh\u014dng li\u01ceng g\u00e8 h\u011bn d\u00e0.
\nTwo of my four apples are big (literally \u201cI have 4 apples, among these, two are big\u201d).<\/p>\n

\u6211\u6709\u4e24\u8f86\u6c7d\u8f66\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u8f86\u662f\u5b9d\u9a6c\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u01d2u li\u01ceng li\u00e0ng q\u00ecch\u0113, q\u00edzh\u014dng y\u012b li\u00e0ng sh\u00ec B\u1ea1\u030com\u01ce.
\nOf my two cars, one is a BMW.<\/p>\n

\u4eba\u7c7b\u9762\u4e34\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u6c61\u67d3\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\nR\u00e9nl\u00e8i mi\u00e0nl\u00edn x\u01d4du\u014d w\u00e8nt\u00ed, q\u00edzh\u014dng zu\u00ec y\u00e1nzh\u00f2ng de sh\u00ec w\u016br\u01cen w\u00e8nt\u00ed.
\nHumanity is facing many problems; among these, the most serious is pollution.<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4e2d (d\u0101ngzh\u014dng) is translated as \u201cin the midst of\/among\u201d. <\/p>\n

\u6211\u670b\u53cb\u5f53\u4e2d\u5e84\u5b81\u6700\u806a\u660e\u3002
\nW\u01d2 p\u00e9ngyou d\u0101ngzh\u014dng Zhu\u0101ng N\u00ecng zu\u00ec c\u014dngming.
\nOf my friends, Zhuang Ning is the smartest.<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u897f\u897f\u91cc\u5c9b\u57ce\u5e02\u5f53\u4e2d\u5361\u5854\u5c3c\u585e\u5854\u6700\u6f02\u4eae\u3002
\nDu\u00ec w\u01d2 l\u00e1i shu\u014d, x\u012bx\u012b l\u01d0 d\u01ceo ch\u00e9ngsh\u00ec d\u0101ngzh\u014dng K\u01cet\u01cen\u00eds\u0101it\u01ce zu\u00ec pi\u00e0oliang.
\nIn my opinion, Caltanissetta is the prettiest among Sicilian cities. <\/p>\n

\u5979\u662f\u6211\u751f\u547d\u5f53\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u3002
\nT\u0101 sh\u00ec w\u01d2 sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng d\u0101ngzh\u014dng zu\u00ec zh\u00f2ngy\u00e0o de r\u00e9n.
\nShe is the most important person in my life.<\/p>\n

\u516b\u6708\u662f\u4e00\u5e74\u5f53\u4e2d\u6700\u70ed\u7684\u6708\u4efd\u3002
\nB\u0101yu\u00e8 sh\u00ec y\u012b ni\u00e1n d\u0101ngzh\u014dng zu\u00ec r\u00e8 de yu\u00e8f\u00e8n.
\nAugust is the hottest month of the year.<\/p>\n

Photo Credits: Photo by Evelyn_Chai<\/a> on Pixabay<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In this article, we’ll see special constructions, peculiar to the Chinese language that will make your expressions in Chinese more elegant. \u5982 and \u4e0d\u5982 \u5982 (r\u00fa) \u201cto be equal to, like a\u201d is used more in the formal written form than in the spoken language. The comparison is created when it’s mainly used metaphorically. Here […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":28449,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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The comparison is created when it’s mainly used metaphorically. 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