{"id":16201,"date":"2018-01-25T03:00:05","date_gmt":"2018-01-25T02:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/?p=16201"},"modified":"2022-02-21T17:56:15","modified_gmt":"2022-02-21T16:56:15","slug":"interrogative-substitutions-structure-yi-wei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/interrogative-substitutions-structure-yi-wei\/","title":{"rendered":"Interrogative Substitutions and the Structure \u4ee5…\u4e3a in Chinese"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Interrogative<\/p>\n

Interrogative substitutions\u8c01 (sh\u00e9i\/shu\u00ed)\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48 (sh\u00e9nme)\uff0c\u54ea (n\u01ce) <\/h2>\n

Interrogative substitutions are similar to the \u201cwh \u2013 question words\u201d in English, or the interrogative pronouns in Italian. When using interrogative substitutions, the order of the phrase doesn’t change. <\/p>\n

The interrogative substitutions, precisely, substitute the word that should be found in the answer. When formulating a question through the use of interrogative substitutes, \u5417 (ma) is never put at the end of the phrase.<\/p>\n

\u8c01 (sh\u00e9i\/ shu\u00ed) \u201cwho\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u662f\u8c01\uff1f\u4ed6\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u3002
\nT\u0101 sh\u00ec sh\u00e9i? T\u0101 sh\u00ec w\u01d2men de l\u01ceosh\u012b.
\nWho is he? He’s our professor.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u60f3\u8ddf\u8c01\u53bb\uff1f\u6211\u60f3\u8ddf\u6211\u5988\u5988\u53bb\u3002
\nN\u01d0 xi\u01ceng g\u0113n sh\u00e9i q\u00f9? W\u01d2 xi\u01ceng g\u0113n w\u01d2 m\u0101ma q\u00f9.
\nWho do you want to go with? I want to go with my mother.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u53bb\u8c01\u90a3\u91cc\uff1f\u6211\u53bb\u670b\u53cb\u90a3\u91cc\u3002
\nN\u01d0 q\u00f9 sh\u00e9i n\u00e0li? W\u01d2 q\u00f9 p\u00e9ngyou n\u00e0li.
\nWhere are you going? I go to my friend’s house.<\/p>\n

Note that \u8c01 (sh\u00e9i) can also be inserted into phrases in the affirmative or negative form and with the value , respectively of “all” and \u201cnone\u201d. \u8c01 must be followed by \u90fd (d\u014du) \u201call\u201d or \u4e5f (y\u011b) \u201ceven\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8c01\u90fd\u8981\u53bb\u3002
\nSh\u00e9i d\u014du y\u00e0o q\u00f9.
\nAll have to go.\t<\/p>\n

\u8c01\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u53bb\u3002
\nSh\u00e9i y\u011b b\u00f9 xi\u01ceng q\u00f9.
\nNobody wants to go.<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48 (sh\u00e9nme) \u201cwhat, which\u201d
\n\u54ea (n\u01ce) \u201cwhich\u201d<\/p>\n

Both \u4ec0\u4e48 and \u54ea express the meaning of “which?\u201d. The main difference is in the fact that \u54ea must be followed by a classifier and, moreover, the choice of responses is limited, while with \u4ec0\u4e48 there is no limit. Note the difference in the following phrases:<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u770b\u54ea\u672c\u4e66\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 x\u01d0huan k\u00e0n n\u01ce b\u011bn sh\u016b?
\nWhich book do you like to read?\t\t(The choice is limited)\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u770b\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e66\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 x\u01d0huan k\u00e0n sh\u00e9nme sh\u016b?
\nWhat type of book do you like to read? (There’s no limit to choices).<\/p>\n

Let’s see other examples:<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u660e\u5929\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6211\u660e\u5929\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u8ddf\u8001\u5e08\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002
\nN\u01d0 m\u00edngti\u0101n z\u00e0i xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o zu\u00f2 sh\u00e9nme? W\u01d2 m\u00edngti\u0101n z\u00e0i xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o g\u0113n l\u01ceosh\u012b shu\u014d hu\u00e0.
\nWhat will you do in school tomorrow? Tomorrow at school I’ll speak with the professor.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u6765\u8fd9\u91cc\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 sh\u00e9nme sh\u00edhou l\u00e1i zh\u00e8l\u01d0?
\nWhen do you come here?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u60f3\u4e70\u54ea\u4ef6\u8863\u670d\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 xi\u01ceng m\u01cei n\u01ce ji\u00e0n y\u012bfu?
\nWhich suit do you want to buy?<\/p>\n

\u8336\u3001\u5496\u5561\uff0c\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u559d\u54ea\u79cd\uff1f
\nCh\u00e1, k\u0101f\u0113i, n\u01d0 x\u01d0huan h\u0113 n\u01ce zh\u01d2ng?
\nTea, coffee, which do you prefer to drink?<\/p>\n

Note that both \u4ec0\u4e48 and \u54ea can be used in affirmative and negative phrases with the meaning of “all” and “nothing\u201d. Even \u4ec0\u4e48 and \u54ea must be followed by \u90fd (d\u014du) \u201call\u201d or \u4e5f (y\u011b) \u201ceven\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u61c2\u3002
\nT\u0101 sh\u00e9nme sh\u00ecqing d\u014du d\u01d2ng.\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\nI understand everything.\t\t<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e66\u90fd\u559c\u6b22\u770b\u3002
\nW\u01d2 sh\u00e9nme sh\u016b d\u014du x\u01d0huan k\u00e0n.
\nI like to read all sorts of books.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u59b9\u59b9\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u505a\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u00e8imei sh\u00e9nme y\u011b b\u00f9 xi\u01ceng zu\u00f2.
\nMy sister doesn’t want to do anything.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7238\u7238\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e5f\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u3002
\nW\u01d2 b\u00e0ba sh\u00e9nme y\u00f9nd\u00f2ng y\u011b b\u00f9 x\u01d0huan.
\nMy dad doesn’t like any type of sport.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8001\u5e08\u5199\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u54ea\u672c\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u3002
\nW\u01d2 l\u01ceosh\u012b xi\u011b de sh\u016b, n\u01ce b\u011bn d\u014du h\u011bn y\u01d2uy\u00ecsi.
\nThe books my professor wrote are all interesting.<\/p>\n

These particular constructions can show themselves to be very useful:<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9 (sh\u00e9nme d\u00ecfang) + \u90fd (d\u014du)\/ \u4e5f (y\u011b) \u201cEverywhere\u201d<\/p>\n

\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u5f88\u6f02\u4eae\u3002
\nY\u00ecd\u00e0l\u00ec sh\u00e9nme d\u00ecfang d\u014du h\u011bn pi\u00e0oliang.
\nIn Italy, it’s beautiful everywhere.<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9 (sh\u00e9nme d\u00ecfang) + \u90fd (d\u014du)\/ \u4e5f (y\u011b) + \u4e0d (b\u00f9) \u201cAnywhere\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u53bb\u3002
\nXi\u01ceo h\u00e1izi sh\u00e9nme d\u00ecfang y\u011b b\u00f9 xi\u01ceng q\u00f9.
\nThe little boy doesn’t want to go anywhere.<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019 (sh\u00e9nme sh\u00edhou) + \u90fd (d\u014du)\/ \u4e5f (y\u011b) \u201calways, anytime\u201d<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\uff1f
\nW\u01d2 sh\u00e9nme sh\u00edhou k\u011by\u01d0 q\u00f9?
\nWhen can I go there?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u3002
\nN\u01d0 sh\u00e9nme sh\u00edhou d\u014du k\u011by\u01d0 q\u00f9.
\nWhen to go anytime.<\/p>\n

The interrogative substitute \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 (w\u00e8i sh\u00e9nme) <\/h2>\n

The interrogative substitute \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 (w\u00e8i sh\u00e9nme) is one of the most important, since it allows us to create the most used interrogative phrases in our discussion: \u201cwhy …?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48(w\u00e8i sh\u00e9nme) \u201cwhy?\u201d generally occurs in two positions: immediately before the subject or immediately after the subject and eventual time adverb.<\/p>\n

To respond to phrases with the question \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 \u201cwhy?\u201d, you use \u56e0\u4e3a (y\u012bnw\u00e8i) \u201cbecause\u201d. <\/p>\n

\u4f60\u6628\u5929\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6765\u4e0a\u8bfe\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u5934\u75bc\u3002
\nN\u01d0 zu\u00f3ti\u0101n w\u00e8i sh\u00e9nme m\u00e9i l\u00e1i sh\u00e0ng ke?Y\u012bnw\u00e8i w\u01d2 t\u00f3u t\u00e9ng.
\nWhy didn’t you come to class yesterday? Because I had a headache.<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f60\u6628\u5929\u6ca1\u53c2\u52a0\u4f60\u5988\u5988\u7684\u751f\u65e5\u6d3e\u5bf9\uff1f
\nW\u00e8i sh\u00e9nme n\u01d0 zu\u00f3ti\u0101n m\u00e9i c\u0101nji\u0101 n\u01d0 m\u0101ma de sh\u0113ngri pa\u00ecdu\u00ec?
\nWhy didn’t you participate in your mother’s birthday party yesterday?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd8\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u5728\u7b49\u7740\u670b\u53cb\u3002
\nN\u01d0 w\u00e8i sh\u00e9nme h\u00e1i z\u00e0i zh\u00e8l\u01d0? Y\u012bnw\u00e8i w\u01d2 z\u00e0i d\u011bng zhe p\u00e9ngyou.
\nWhy are you still here? Because I’m waiting for friends.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u5b66\u65e5\u8bed\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u5b66\u4e2d\u6587\u3002
\nN\u01d0 w\u00e8i sh\u00e9nme b\u00f9 xu\u00e9 r\u00ecy\u01d4? Y\u012bnw\u00e8i w\u01d2 xu\u00e9 zh\u014dngw\u00e9n.
\nWhy don’t you learn Japanese? Because I’m learning Chinese.<\/p>\n

The interrogative substitutes \u51e0 (j\u01d0)\uff0c\u591a\u5c11 (du\u014dshao)\uff0c\u591a (du\u014d) <\/h2>\n

The interrogative substitutes \u51e0 (j\u01d0) and \u591a\u5c11 (du\u014dshao) both express the meaning of \u201chow many?\u201d. There are two differences: the first is that \u51e0 refers to a number between 1 and 9<\/a>, while \u591a\u5c11 from 10 on up; the second, instead, is in the presence or absence of a classifier<\/a>. <\/p>\n

After \u51e0, except when a noun does’t as a rule have a classifier in front of it, you always have to insert the proper classifier; with \u591a\u5c11, the classifier can be omitted.<\/p>\n

\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\uff1f
\nJi\u00e0osh\u00ec l\u01d0 y\u01d2u j\u01d0 ge xu\u00e9sheng?
\nHow many students are there in class?\t\t<\/p>\n

\u4e66\u5305\u91cc\u6709\u51e0\u672c\u4e66\uff1f
\nSh\u016bb\u0101o l\u01d0 y\u01d2u j\u01d0 b\u011bn sh\u016b?
\nHow many books are in the folder?<\/p>\n

\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u6709\u516b\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u3002
\nJi\u00e0osh\u00ec l\u01d0 y\u01d2u b\u0101 ge xu\u00e9sheng.
\nThere are eight students in class.\t<\/p>\n

\u4e66\u5305\u91cc\u6709\u4e09\u672c\u4e66\u3002
\nSh\u016bb\u0101o l\u01d0 y\u01d2u s\u0101n b\u011bn sh\u016b.
\nThere are three books in the folder.<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u51e0\u70b9\u4e86\uff1f
\nXi\u00e0nz\u00e0i j\u01d0 di\u01cen le?
\nWhat time is it (now)?<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u5e74\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5929\uff1f\u4e00\u5929\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5206\u949f\uff1f
\nY\u012b ni\u00e1n y\u01d2u du\u014dshao ti\u0101n? Y\u012b ti\u0101n y\u01d2u du\u014dshao ge xi\u01ceosh\u00ed? Y\u012b ge xi\u01ceosh\u00ed y\u01d2u du\u014dshao f\u0113nzh\u014dng?
\nHow many days are in a year? How many hours are there in a day? How many minutes are in an hour?<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u6821\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5b66\u751f\uff1f
\nZh\u00e8ge xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o y\u01d2u du\u014dshao xu\u00e9sheng?
\nHow many students are there in school?<\/p>\n

\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u82f9\u679c\uff1f
\nZhu\u014dzi shang y\u01d2u j\u01d0 ge p\u00ednggu\u01d2?
\nHow many apples are on the table?<\/p>\n

When you ask a question with the expectation that the answer will be a number, for example a hotel room number, you use \u51e0 or \u591a\u5c11, but not \u4ec0\u4e48.<\/p>\n

\u6bdb\u8001\u5e08\u4f4f\u51e0\u697c\u51e0\u53f7\uff1f\u4ed6\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f
\nM\u00e1o l\u01ceosh\u012b zh\u00f9 j\u01d0 l\u00f3u j\u01d0 h\u00e0o? T\u0101 de di\u00e0nhu\u00e0 h\u00e0om\u01ce sh\u00ec du\u014dshao?
\nWhich is the floor and room number where Professor Mao lives? What’s his telephone number?<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u8c01\u77e5\u9053\uff1f
\n\u00e8rsh\u00ed de y\u012b b\u00e0n sh\u00ec du\u014dshao? Sh\u00e9i zh\u012bdao?
\nWhat’s half of 20? Who knows?<\/p>\n

\u51e0 when followed by a classifier can also be used to indicate “a little\/a few\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u51e0 when followed by numbers such as two digits or more \u201cten, twelve, twenty, hundred, thousand\u2026\u201d, is translated as \u201ctens, dozens, hundreds, thousands\u2026\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u51e0\u5bb6\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3002
\nZh\u00e8l\u01d0 y\u01d2u j\u01d0 ji\u0101 b\u00f9 cu\u00f2 de t\u00fash\u016bgu\u01cen.
\nHere there are a few pretty good bookstores.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4e66\u5305\u91cc\u6709\u51e0\u5341\u652f\u7b14\u3002
\nT\u0101 sh\u016bb\u0101o l\u01d0 y\u01d2u j\u01d0 sh\u00ed zh\u012b b\u01d0.
\nIn his folder there are tens of pens.<\/p>\n

\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7R\u00b7R\u00b7\u9a6c\u4e01\u5199\u4e86\u51e0\u672c\u4e66\u3002
\nQi\u00e1ozh\u00ec\u00b7R\u00b7R\u00b7M\u01ced\u012bng xi\u011b le j\u01d0 b\u011bn sh\u016b.
\nGeorge R.R. Martin wrote a few books.<\/p>\n

\u591a (du\u014d) \u201chow\u201d is always followed by a predicate adjective<\/a>. At times, \u6709 (y\u01d2u) \u201cto have\/to be\u201d can be used before \u591a when the phrase is used to describe a name.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u591a\u5927\uff1f
\nT\u0101 de f\u00e1ngzi du\u014d d\u00e0?
\nHow big is his house?\t<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff1f
\nT\u0101 de f\u00e1ngzi y\u01d2u du\u014d d\u00e0?
\nHow big is his house?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5bb6\u79bb\u5b66\u6821\u591a\u8fdc\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 ji\u0101 l\u00ed xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o du\u014d yu\u01cen?
\nHow far is your house from the school?\t<\/p>\n

\u8981\u8d70\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff1f
\nY\u00e0o z\u01d2u du\u014d ch\u00e1ng sh\u00edji\u0101n?
\nHow long do I have to walk?<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6761\u88e4\u5b50\u6709\u591a\u957f\uff1f
\nZh\u00e8 ti\u00e1o k\u00f9zi y\u01d2u du\u014d ch\u00e1ng?
\nHow long are these pants? <\/p>\n

\u5979\u591a\u9ad8\uff1f
\nT\u0101 du\u014d g\u0101o?
\nHow tall is she?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 y\u01d2u du\u014d d\u00e0?
\nHow old are you?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u7684\u7537\u670b\u53cb\u591a\u91cd\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 de n\u00e1n p\u00e9ngyou du\u014d zh\u00f2ng?
\nHow heavy is your fiancee?\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u5ea7\u5c71\u6709\u591a\u9ad8\uff1f
\nN\u00e0 zu\u00f2 sh\u0101n y\u01d2u du\u014d g\u0101o?
\nHow tall is that mountains?<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u7537\u670b\u53cb\u670985\u516c\u65a4\u3002
\nW\u01d2 de n\u00e1n p\u00e9ngyou y\u01d2u 85 g\u014dngj\u00ecn.
\nMy fiancee weighs 85 kg.\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u5ea7\u5c71\u6709500\u7c73\u3002
\nN\u00e0 zu\u00f2 sh\u0101n y\u01d2u 500 m\u01d0.
\nThat mountain is 500 meters tall.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6761\u8857\u6709\u591a\u5bbd\uff1f
\nZh\u00e8 ti\u00e1o ji\u0113 y\u01d2u du\u014d ku\u0101n?
\nHow large is this road?<\/p>\n<\/h2>\n

Interrogative substitutes \u600e\u4e48 (z\u011bnme)\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u6837 (z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng) <\/h2>\n

The substitute \u600e\u4e48 (z\u011bnme) \u201chow come\/how\u201d can be used to ask how to do something or the reason for something.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u597d\u50cf\u4e0d\u9ad8\u5174\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u4e86\uff1f
\nT\u0101 h\u01ceo xi\u00e0ng b\u00f9 g\u0101ox\u00ecng, z\u011bnme le?
\nHe doesn’t seem happy, what happened?<\/p>\n

\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u600e\u4e48\u5199\uff1f
\nL\u01ceosh\u012b, zh\u00e8 ge h\u00e0nz\u00ec z\u011bnme xi\u011b?
\nProfessor, how do you write this character?<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u600e\u4e48\u5ff5\uff1f
\nZh\u00e8 ge z\u00ec z\u011bnme ni\u00e0n?
\nHow do you pronounce this character?<\/p>\n

\u201cMingbai\u201d \u600e\u4e48\u5199\uff1f
\n\u201cMingbai\u201d z\u011bnme xi\u011b?
\nHow do you write \u201cmingbai\u201d?<\/p>\n

\u201cProfessore\u201d \u600e\u4e48\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1f
\n\u201cProfessore\u201d z\u011bnme f\u0101ny\u00ec?
\nHow do you translate \u201cprofessor\u201d?<\/p>\n

\u53bb\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u600e\u4e48\u8d70\uff1f
\nQ\u00f9 B\u011bij\u012bng D\u00e0xu\u00e9 z\u011bnme z\u01d2u?
\nHow do you get to Beijing Daxue?<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u79f0\u547c\u60a8\uff1f
\nW\u01d2 y\u012bngg\u0101i z\u011bnme ch\u0113nghu n\u00edn?
\nHow should I call her?<\/p>\n

With \u600e\u4e48 you can build a very useful phrase: \u201cit doesn’t matter how\u2026 \/ in whatever\u2026\u201d: \u600e\u4e48 + Verb 1 + \u4e5f + Verb 2<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\uff0c\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u5199\uff0c\u4e5f\u5199\u4e0d\u5bf9\u3002
\nZh\u00e8 ge h\u00e0nz\u00ec, w\u01d2 z\u011bnme xi\u011b, y\u011b xi\u011b b\u00f9 du\u00ec.
\nThis character, it doesn’t matter how you write it, however I can’t manage to write it correctly.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u4f5c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u597d\u3002
\nZh\u00e8 ji\u00e0n sh\u00ecqing, w\u01d2 z\u011bnme zu\u00f2 y\u011b b\u00f9 h\u01ceo.
\nThis matter, in whatever way you deal with it, however isn’t going well.<\/p>\n

In front of \u600e\u4e48 you can also see \u4e0d\u8bba (b\u00f9 l\u00f9n) \u201cregardless\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u600e\u4e48\u5199\uff0c\u4e5f\u5199\u4e0d\u5bf9\u3002
\nZh\u00e8 ge h\u00e0nz\u00ec, b\u00f9 l\u00f9n z\u011bnme xi\u011b, y\u011b xi\u011b b\u00f9 du\u00ec.
\nThis character, regardless of how you write it, is always written wrong.<\/p>\n

\u600e\u4e48 can be used to tell someone to do as they prefer: Subject + \u600e\u4e48 (z\u011bnme) + Verb + \u5c31 (ji\u00f9) \u600e\u4e48 (z\u011bnme) + Verb<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u60f3\u600e\u4e48\u4f5c\u5c31\u600e\u4e48\u4f5c\u3002
\nN\u01d0 xi\u01ceng z\u011bnme zu\u00f2 ji\u00f9 z\u011bnme zu\u00f2.
\nDo what you want to do.<\/p>\n

Similar constructions can be formulated with \u54ea\u513f (n\u01cer) \u201cwhere\u201d and \u8c01 (sh\u00e9i) \u201cwho\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u60f3\u53bb\u54ea\u513f\u5c31\u53bb\u54ea\u513f\u3002
\nN\u01d0 xi\u01ceng q\u00f9 n\u01cer ji\u00f9 q\u00f9 n\u01cer.
\nGo where you want.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u60f3\u8ddf\u8c01\u53bb\u5c31\u8ddf\u8c01\u53bb\u3002
\nN\u01d0 xi\u01ceng g\u0113n sh\u00e9i q\u00f9 ji\u00f9 g\u0113n sh\u00e9i q\u00f9.
\nGo with who you want to go with.<\/p>\n

A particularly useful construction is the following:<\/p>\n

\u600e\u4e48\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230
\nZ\u011bnme m\u00e9i xi\u01cengd\u00e0o
\nHow didn’t I think that\u2026<\/p>\n

Or:<\/p>\n

\u6211\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230
\nW\u01d2 m\u00e9i xi\u01cengd\u00e0o
\nI never would have thought that\u2026 \/ I didn’t expect that\u2026<\/p>\n

\u6211\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u5e08\u5085\u8fd9\u4e48\u5389\u5bb3\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u00e9i xi\u01cengd\u00e0o sh\u012bfu zh\u00e8me l\u00echai.
\nI didn’t expect that the Teacher was so strong.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u4ef7\u683c\u8fd9\u4e48\u9ad8\uff1f
\nW\u01d2 z\u011bnme m\u00e9i xi\u01cengd\u00e0o ji\u00e0g\u00e9 zh\u00e8me g\u0101o?
\nHow did I not think that the price was so high?<\/p>\n

\u600e\u4e48\u6837 (z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng) \u201chow\/how to be\u201d is the typical interrogative substitute of attributive or predicative adjectives (to be well, to be hot, to be interesting, and so on).<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u8eab\u4f53\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u975e\u5e38\u597d\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\u3002
\nN\u01d0 sh\u0113nt\u01d0 z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng? F\u0113ich\u00e1ng h\u01ceo, xi\u00e8xie.
\nHow are you? Very well, thanks.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u3002
\nN\u01d0 z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng?W\u01d2 ju\u00e9de b\u00f9 sh\u016bfu.
\nHow is it going? I don’t feel very much in shape.<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f60\u6628\u5929\u5403\u996d\u7684\u90a3\u5bb6\u996d\u9986\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f
\nZ\u00e0i w\u01d2 zu\u00f3ti\u0101n ch\u012bf\u00e0n de n\u00e0 ji\u0101 f\u00e0ngu\u01cen z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng?
\nHow was that restaurant where you ate yesterday?<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6211\u6628\u5929\u5403\u996d\u7684\u90a3\u5bb6\u996d\u9986\u8fd8\u4e0d\u9519\u3002
\nZ\u00e0i w\u01d2 zu\u00f3ti\u0101n ch\u012bf\u00e0n de n\u00e0 ji\u0101 f\u00e0ngu\u01cen h\u00e1i b\u00f9 cu\u00f2.
\nThe restaurant where I ate yesterday wasn’t bad.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u83dc\u7684\u5473\u9053\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u4e0d\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u3002
\nZh\u00e8 ge c\u00e0i de w\u00e8idao z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng?b\u00f9z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng.
\nHow does this food taste? It’s no big deal. <\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e2a\u7535\u5f71\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u76f8\u5f53\u597d\u3002
\nN\u00e0 ge di\u00e0ny\u01d0ng z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng? Xi\u0101ngd\u0101ng h\u01ceo.
\nHow was that film? Rather nice.<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e2a\u5973\u751f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u6f02\u4eae\u6781\u4e86\u3002
\nN\u00e0 ge n\u01dash\u0113ng z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng?Pi\u00e0oliang j\u00edle.
\nHow’s that girl? Very beautiful.<\/p>\n

\u5361\u5854\u5c3c\u585e\u5854\u5e02\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u597d\u6f02\u4eae\u3002
\nK\u01cet\u01cen\u00eds\u0101it\u01ce sh\u00ec z\u011bnmey\u00e0ng? H\u01ceo pi\u00e0oliang
\nHow is the city of Caltanissetta? Very pretty.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u548c\u4f60\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u770b\u300a\u975e\u5e38\u5e78\u8fd0\u300b\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f
\nW\u01d2 xi\u01ceng h\u00e9 n\u01d0 y\u012bq\u01d0 q\u00f9 k\u00e0n \u201cF\u0113ich\u00e1ng X\u00ecngy\u00f9n\u201d, z\u011bnme y\u00e0ng?
\nI want to go see \u201cExtremely Lucky\u201d with you, what do you think?<\/p>\n

Interrogative substitutes \u54ea\u513f (n\u01cer)\uff0c\u54ea\u91cc (n\u01celi) <\/h2>\n

Interrogative substitutes \u54ea\u513f (n\u01cer) and \u54ea\u91cc (n\u01celi) both have the interrogative meaning of \u201cwhere?\u201d. The difference in use is exclusively regional, in fact they can be used in the same places. As with other interrogative substitutes, \u54ea\u513f and \u54ea\u91cc substitute the place to which they are referring.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u53bb\u54ea\u513f\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 q\u00f9 n\u01cer?
\nWhere are you going?\t<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5230\u54ea\u513f\u53bb\u4e86\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 d\u00e0o n\u01cer q\u00f9 le?
\nWhere did you go? <\/p>\n

\u4f60\u53bb\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 q\u00f9 n\u01celi?
\nWhere are you going?\t<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\u4e86\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 d\u00e0o n\u01celi q\u00f9 le?
\nWhere did you go?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 c\u00f3ng n\u01celi l\u00e1i?
\nWhere do you come from?\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4ece\u54ea\u513f\u6765\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 c\u00f3ng n\u01cer l\u00e1i?
\nWhere do you come from?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5b66\u4e86\u4e2d\u6587\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 z\u00e0i n\u01celi xu\u00e9 le zh\u014dngw\u00e9n?
\nWhere did you learn Chinese?<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u54ea\u91cc\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1f
\nZh\u00e8 sh\u00ec n\u01celi de y\u01d4y\u00e1n?
\nWhere does this language come from?<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f
\nT\u00fash\u016bgu\u01cen z\u00e0i n\u01celi?
\nWhere is the library?<\/p>\n

\u5582\uff1f\u4f60\u5728\u54ea\u513f\uff1f
\nW\u00e8i? N\u01d0 z\u00e0i n\u01cer?
\nReady? Where are you?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u7238\u7238\u5988\u5988\u5728\u54ea\u513f\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 b\u00e0ba m\u0101ma z\u00e0i n\u01cer?
\nWhere’s your dad and mom?<\/p>\n

The construction \u4ee5 (y\u01d0) A\u4e3a (w\u00e8i) B <\/h2>\n

The construction \u4ee5 (y\u01d0) A\u4e3a (w\u00e8i) B, which comes directly from classic Chinese<\/a>, has two functions:<\/p>\n

1) The value: \u201cto take A to make it B\u201d<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4ee5\u6211\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u01d0 w\u01d2 de j\u012bngy\u00e0n w\u00e8i l\u00ec.
\nI use my experience as an example.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4ee5\u5f53\u8001\u5e08\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u01d0 d\u0101ng l\u01ceosh\u012b w\u00e8i m\u00f9bi\u0101o.
\nMy goal is to become a teacher.<\/p>\n

\u4e5e\u4e10\u4ee5\u5730\u6bef\u4e3a\u5e8a\u3002
\nQ\u01d0g\u00e0i y\u01d0 d\u00ect\u01cen w\u00e8i chu\u00e1ng.
\nBeggars make beds out of carpets.<\/p>\n

\u58eb\u5175\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u4e48\u4ee5\u73af\u5883\u4e3a\u6b66\u5668\u3002
\nSh\u00ecb\u012bng zh\u012bdao z\u011bnme y\u01d0 hu\u00e1nj\u00ecng w\u00e8i w\u01d4q\u00ec.
\nSoldiers know how to transform the environment into a weapon.<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002
\nSu\u01d2y\u01d2u de r\u00e9n d\u014du y\u01d0 y\u012bngw\u00e9n w\u00e8i ji\u0101oli\u00fa de g\u014dngj\u00f9.
\nEveryone uses English as a took for communication.<\/p>\n

2) Putative value: \u201cconsider A as if it were B\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u9ea6\u5f53\u52b3\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002
\nY\u01d0 m\u00e0id\u0101ngl\u00e1o w\u00e8i l\u00ec.
\nLet’s use McDonalds as an example.
\n(The new Chinese name<\/a> for McDonalds is \u91d1\u62f1\u95e8J\u012bn g\u01d2ngm\u00e9n)<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4ee5\u7626\u4e3a\u7f8e\uff0c\u5510\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4ee5\u80d6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u3002
\nXi\u00e0nd\u00e0i sh\u00e8hu\u00ec y\u01d0 sh\u00f2u w\u00e8i m\u011bi, t\u00e1ngd\u00e0i sh\u00e8hu\u00ec y\u01d0 p\u00e0ng w\u00e8i m\u011bi.<\/p>\n

Modern society holds that it is beautiful to be thin; society during the Tang era considered it beautiful to be fat.<\/p>\n

\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4ee5\u9ad8\u85aa\u4e3a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002
\nH\u011bn du\u014d r\u00e9n y\u01d0 g\u0101o x\u012bn w\u00e8i ch\u00e9ngg\u014dng de ti\u00e1oji\u00e0n.
\nMany people consider a high salary a requirement for success.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4ee5\u7231\u60c5\u4e3a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u01d0\u00e0iq\u00edng w\u00e8i zu\u00ec zh\u00f2ngy\u00e0o de sh\u00ecqing.
\nI consider love the most important thing.<\/p>\n

Photo Credits: \"Creative<\/a> Characters<\/a> by Matthias Mendler<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Interrogative substitutions\u8c01 (sh\u00e9i\/shu\u00ed)\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48 (sh\u00e9nme)\uff0c\u54ea (n\u01ce) Interrogative substitutions are similar to the \u201cwh \u2013 question words\u201d in English, or the interrogative pronouns in Italian. When using interrogative substitutions, the order of the phrase doesn’t change. The interrogative substitutions, precisely, substitute the word that should be found in the answer. When formulating a question through the use […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":16239,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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When using interrogative substitutions, the order of the phrase doesn’t change. The interrogative substitutions, precisely, substitute the word that should be found in the answer. 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