{"id":16199,"date":"2018-01-18T03:00:03","date_gmt":"2018-01-18T02:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/?p=16199"},"modified":"2022-02-07T23:01:41","modified_gmt":"2022-02-07T22:01:41","slug":"complements-company-means-tools-topics-directions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/complements-company-means-tools-topics-directions\/","title":{"rendered":"Complements of Company, Means, Tools, Topics, and Directions"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Complements<\/p>\n

The complement of company <\/h2>\n

The complement of company indicates the person or inanimate being with which one finds in a specific circumstance or with whom one does or undergoes an action. The complement of company is introduced by the prepositions<\/a> \u8ddf (g\u0113n) \u201cwith\u201d, \u548c (h\u00e9) \u201cand\/ together with\u201d.<\/p>\n

Here are a few examples:<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e0d\u8ddf\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4e86\u3002
\nW\u01d2 b\u00f9 g\u0113n t\u0101 shu\u014d le.
\nI no longer speak with him.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e0d\u548c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4e86\u3002
\nW\u01d2 b\u00f9 h\u00e9 t\u0101 shu\u014d le.
\nI no longer speak with him.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e0d\u8ddf\/\u548c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u3002
\nW\u01d2 b\u00f9 g\u0113n\/h\u00e9 t\u0101 shu\u014d.
\nI don’t speak with him.<\/p>\n

\u8bf7\u8ddf\u6211\u6765\u3002
\nQ\u01d0ng g\u0113n w\u01d2 l\u00e1i.
\nPlease, come with me.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u8ddf\u4e2d\u56fd\u670b\u53cb\u7ec3\u4e60\u8bf4\u4e2d\u6587\u3002
\nT\u0101 g\u0113n Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 p\u00e9ngyou li\u00e0nx\u00ed shu\u014d zh\u014dngw\u00e9n.
\nHe practices speaking Chinese with Chinese friends.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u548c\u6211\u5988\u5988\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\u3002
\nT\u0101 h\u00e9 w\u01d2 m\u0101ma k\u0101i w\u00e1n xi\u00e0o.
\nHe jokes with my mom.\t\t<\/p>\n

\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u548c\u5979\u5403\u4e2d\u56fd\u83dc\u3002
\nW\u01d2 x\u01d0huan h\u00e9 t\u0101 ch\u012b Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 c\u00e0i
\nI like to eat Chinese food with her.<\/p>\n

The complement of company can be underscored with force by having it followed by \u4e00\u8d77 (y\u012bq\u01d0)\u201ctogether\u201d.<\/p>\n

Here are a few examples: <\/p>\n

\u6211\u548c\u5979\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002
\nW\u01d2 h\u00e9 t\u0101 z\u00e0i y\u012bq\u01d0.
\nWe are together.\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8ddf\u5979\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u770b\u7535\u5f71\u3002
\nW\u01d2 g\u0113n t\u0101 y\u012bq\u01d0 q\u00f9 k\u00e0n di\u00e0ny\u01d0ng.
\nI go to watch the film together with her.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8ddf\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u770b\u6bd4\u8d5b\u3002
\nW\u01d2 g\u0113n w\u01d2 de p\u00e9ngyou y\u012bq\u01d0 q\u00f9 k\u00e0n b\u01d0s\u00e0i.
\nI go to see the game with my friends.<\/p>\n

\u8001\u5e08\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u4e00\u8d77\u559d\u8336\u3002
\nL\u01ceosh\u012b h\u00e9 xu\u00e9sheng y\u012bq\u01d0 h\u0113 ch\u00e1.
\nThe professor and students drink tea together.<\/p>\n

\u8ddf (g\u0113n) \u201cwith\u201d if followed by the particle \u7740 (zhe), becomes a verb, translatable as \u201cto follow\u201d (also with a figurative value). <\/p>\n

Here are a few examples:<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5728\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u8ddf\u7740\u4f60\uff01
\nN\u01d0 z\u00e0i qi\u00e1nmian, w\u01d2 g\u0113nzhe n\u01d0.
\nYou go first, I’ll follow you!<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5988\u5988\u5f88\u96be\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u8ddf\u7740\u5979\u75db\u82e6\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u0101ma h\u011bn n\u00e1ngu\u00f2, w\u01d2 g\u0113nzhe t\u0101 t\u00f2ngk\u01d4.
\nMy mom is sad, and I’m sad for her (literally \u201cI follow her in pain\u201d).<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8ddf\u7740\u97f3\u4e50\u8df3\u821e\u3002
\nW\u01d2 g\u0113nzhe y\u012bnyu\u00e8 ti\u00e0o w\u01d4.
\nI dance to the rhythm of the music (literally \u201cI dance following the music\u201d).<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5728\u90fd\u7075\u5927\u5b66\u8ddf\u7740\u6bdb\u6587\u5b66\u6c49\u8bed\u3002
\nW\u01d2 z\u00e0i d\u016bl\u00edng d\u00e0xu\u00e9 g\u0113nzhe M\u00e1o W\u00e9n xu\u00e9 h\u00e0ny\u01d4.
\nAt the University of Turin I study Chinese with Mao Wen (literally “I study Chinese following Mao Wen\u201d).<\/p>\n

\u6708\u4eae\u8ddf\u7740\u5730\u7403\u8f6c\u3002
\nYu\u00e8liang g\u0113nzhe d\u00ecqi\u00fa zhu\u01cen.
\nThe moon orbits around the Earth (literally \u201cthe moon turns following the Earth\u201d).<\/p>\n

\u8ddf\u7740\u611f\u89c9\u8d70\u3002
\nG\u0113nzhe g\u01cenju\u00e9 z\u01d2u.
\nWalk according to your emotions.<\/p>\n

A frequently used structure, which is close to the use of \u8ddf\u7740 (g\u0113nzhe), is the following:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u968f\u7740 (su\u00edzhe) \u2026 \u7684 (de) …\u201d = together with.<\/p>\n

Here are two examples: <\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u4f1a\u6539\u5584\u3002
\nSu\u00edzhe sh\u00edji\u0101n de tu\u012by\u00ed, q\u00edngku\u00e0ng hu\u00ec g\u01ceish\u00e0n.
\nWith the passage of time, the situation will get better.<\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u76b1\u7eb9\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u3002
\nSu\u00edzhe ni\u00e1nl\u00edng de z\u0113ngzh\u01ceng, t\u0101 de zh\u00f2uw\u00e9n ji\u0101sh\u0113n le.
\nWith the advancement of age, her wrinkles became deeper.<\/p>\n

The complement of means or tools <\/h2>\n

The complement of means indicates the means of transport that one takes; the complement of tools indicates, on the other hand, the object used to carry out a particular action. <\/p>\n

In Chinese, the complement of means changes on the basis of the role or position that someone assumes in “taking a means of transportation\u201d. <\/p>\n

\u5750 (zu\u00f2) \u201cto sit\u201d: is used for transportation where you need to be seated as passengers: train, plane, Ship and car. \u5750 is also used when taking an elevator.<\/p>\n

\u9a91 (q\u00ed) \u201cto mount, to ride\u201d: is used to take mountable transportation such as bicycles, motorbikes, scooters, horse.<\/p>\n

\u4e58 (ch\u00e9ng) or \u4e58\u5750 (ch\u00e9ngzu\u00f2) \u201cto take\u201d: can substitute \u5750 (zu\u00f2). In classic Chinese, \u4e58 (ch\u00e9ng) was the carriage that was used by people of high rank for getting around. <\/p>\n

\u642d (d\u0101) \u201cto travel with\u201d: used mainly in the written form, this is used when taking heavier forms of transportation: plane, cruise ship.<\/p>\n

\u5f00 (k\u0101i) \u201cto drive\u201d: used with transportation where we are the drivers.<\/p>\n

Here are a few examples: <\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5750\u5730\u94c1\u53bb\u5317\u4eac\u8bed\u8a00\u5927\u5b66\u3002
\nT\u0101 zu\u00f2 d\u00ecti\u011b q\u00f9 b\u011bij\u012bng y\u01d4y\u00e1n d\u00e0xu\u00e9.
\nHe takes the subway to go to the Beijing Languages and Cultures University.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5728\u91cd\u5e86\u5e73\u65f6\u4e58\u8f7b\u8f68\u3002
\nW\u01d2 z\u00e0i Ch\u00f3ngq\u00ecng p\u00edngsh\u00ed ch\u00e9ng q\u012bnggu\u01d0.
\nIn Chongqing I often take the metro.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u9a91\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u53bb\u5927\u5b66\u3002
\nW\u01d2 de p\u00e9ngyou z\u00e0i b\u011bij\u012bng q\u00ed z\u00ecx\u00edngch\u0113 q\u00f9 d\u00e0xu\u00e9.
\nIn Beijing, my friend rides a bike to go to the university.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u9a91\u8fc7\u9a6c\u5417\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 q\u00ed guo m\u01ce ma?
\nHave you ever gone on horseback?<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e58\u98de\u673a\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002
\nW\u01d2 ch\u00e9ng f\u0113ij\u012b q\u00f9 Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3.
\nI go to China by plane.<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a5\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u4e86\u8f66\u53bb\u673a\u573a\u3002
\nW\u00e8i le ji\u0113 t\u0101men, w\u01d2 k\u0101i le ch\u0113 q\u00f9 j\u012bch\u01ceng.
\nTo welcome them I went to the airport by car.<\/p>\n

The complement of tools are introduced by \u7528 (y\u00f2ng) \u201cto use\u201d.<\/p>\n

Here are a few examples: <\/p>\n

\u6211\u7528\u7b77\u5b50\u5403\u996d\uff0c\u4f60\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u7528\u5200\u53c9\u5403\u996d\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u00f2ng ku\u00e0izi ch\u012bf\u00e0n, n\u01d0 ne? W\u01d2 y\u00f2ng d\u0101och\u0101 ch\u012bf\u00e0n.
\nI eat with chopsticks, you? I eat with silverware.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u00f2ng zh\u014dngw\u00e9n shu\u014dhu\u00e0.
\nI speak in Chinese.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7528\u82f1\u6587\u95ee\u4ed6\u8def\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u00f2ng y\u012bngw\u00e9n w\u00e8n t\u0101 l\u00f9.
\nI ask him road directions in English.<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u505a\u7ec3\u4e60\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f60\u7528\u94a2\u7b14\u3002
\nW\u00e8i le zu\u00f2 li\u00e0nx\u00ed, q\u01d0ng n\u01d0 y\u00f2ng g\u0101ngb\u01d0.
\nPlease use a pen for doing the exercises.<\/p>\n

\u8001\u5e08\u7528\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u6559\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u6587\u3002
\nL\u01ceosh\u012b y\u00f2ng y\u00ecd\u00e0l\u00ec y\u01d4 ji\u0101o w\u01d2men zh\u014dngw\u00e9n.
\nThe professor teaches is Chinese in Italian.<\/p>\n

The complement of topic <\/h2>\n

To demarcate an area in Chinese you use two prepositions: \u5bf9 (du\u00ec) or \u5bf9\u4e8e (du\u00ecy\u00fa) \u201cof, towards, in, at, as far as\u201d. <\/p>\n

Here are a few examples: <\/p>\n

\u6211\u8001\u5e08\u5bf9\u7bee\u7403\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002
\nW\u01d2 l\u01ceosh\u012b du\u00ec l\u00e1nqi\u00fa g\u01cen x\u00ecngq\u00f9.
\nMy professor is into basketball.<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e2a\u8001\u5e08\u5bf9\u6c49\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0d\u592a\u4e86\u89e3\u3002
\nN\u00e0 ge l\u01ceosh\u012b du\u00ec h\u00e0ny\u01d4 y\u01d4f\u01ce b\u00f9 t\u00e0i li\u01ceoji\u011b.
\nThat professor doesn’t understand much Chinese grammar.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6211\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002
\nT\u0101 du\u00ec w\u01d2 de ji\u00e0ny\u00ec b\u00f9 g\u01cen x\u00ecngq\u00f9.
\nThey’re not interested in my advice.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4f60\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5417\uff1f
\nZh\u00e8 ge sh\u00ec n\u01d0 du\u00ec zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 r\u00e9n de k\u00e0nf\u01ce ma?
\nIs this your idea of the Chinese?<\/p>\n

\u5bf9 (du\u00ec) can introduce the person or thing that the action refers to:<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5bf9\u522b\u4eba\u5f88\u5ba2\u6c14\u3002
\nT\u0101 du\u00ec bi\u00e9ren h\u011bn k\u00e8qi.
\nHe’s very nice towards others.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6211\u8bf4\u4ed6\u6628\u5929\u6ca1\u5403\u3002
\nT\u0101 du\u00ec w\u01d2 shu\u014d t\u0101 zu\u00f3ti\u0101n m\u00e9i ch\u012b.
\nHe told me yesterday that he didn’t eat.<\/p>\n

\u5979\u5bf9\u6211\u5fae\u7b11\u4e86\u3002
\nT\u0101 du\u00ec w\u01d2 w\u0113ixi\u00e0o le.
\nShe smiled at me.<\/p>\n

According to me\u2026 <\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4 (du\u00ec w\u01d2 l\u00e1i shu\u014d)
\n\u5bf9\u6211\u8bf4\u6765 (du\u00ec w\u01d2 shu\u014d l\u00e1i)
\n\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u770b (du\u00ec w\u01d2 l\u00e1i k\u00e0n)
\n\u5bf9\u6211\u800c\u8a00 (du\u00ec w\u01d2 \u00e9r y\u00e1n) (very formal, mostly used in written form)<\/p>\n

From the point of view of\u2026 \/ as far as\u2026<\/p>\n

\u5bf9 Someone \u6765\u8bf4\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u5bf9 Someone \u8bf4\u6765
\n\u5bf9 Someone \u8bf4\u6765\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u5bf9 Someone \u800c\u8a00<\/p>\n

The complement of topic is introduced by \u5173\u4e8e (gu\u0101ny\u00fa) \u201cas far as, about, on\u201d when dealing with a new topic; \u81f3\u4e8e (zh\u00ecy\u00fa) \u201cconcerning that\u201d when introducing an already existing topic in the context; \u7531\u4e8e(y\u00f3uy\u00fa) \u201cdue to, because of\u201d introduces the reason why something is done.<\/p>\n

Here are a few examples: <\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\u6211\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\u3002
\nGu\u0101ny\u00fa n\u00e0 ge t\u00edm\u00f9 w\u01d2 y\u012b w\u00fa su\u01d2 zh\u012b.
\nI don’t know anything about that subject.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u4e70\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u6c49\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u4e66\u3002
\nW\u01d2 xi\u01ceng m\u01cei y\u012b xi\u0113 gu\u0101ny\u00fa h\u00e0ny\u01d4 y\u01d4f\u01ce de sh\u016b.
\nI want to buy books on Chinese grammar.<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u4e86\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002
\nGu\u0101ny\u00fa w\u01d2men de t\u01ceol\u00f9n, w\u01d2 y\u01d0jing zu\u00f2 le ju\u00e9d\u00ecng le.
\nAs far as our discussion, I already made a decision.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u8d5e\u6210\uff1b\u81f3\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u8981\u8003\u8651\u3002
\nN\u01d0 shu\u014d de n\u00e0 li\u01ceng ji\u00e0n sh\u00ecqing, d\u00ec y\u012b ji\u00e0n, w\u01d2 z\u00e0nch\u00e9ng; zh\u00ecy\u00fa d\u00ec\u00e8r ji\u00e0n, w\u01d2 y\u00e0o k\u01ceol\u01dc.
\nOf the two things you’re talking about, I agree on the first one; as far as the second one, I still have to think about it.<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u4e8e\u6211\u5bf9\u4f60\u8bf4\u4e86\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u7ba1\u3002
\nZh\u00ecy\u00fa w\u01d2 du\u00ec n\u01d0 shu\u014d le de sh\u00ecqing, n\u01d0 b\u00f9 y\u00e0o gu\u01cen.
\nDon’t worry about what I told you (literally it would be “regarding what I told you, don’t take note of it\u201d).<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u3002
\nY\u00f3uy\u00fa g\u00e8 zh\u01d2ng g\u00e8 y\u00e0ng y\u012bns\u00f9, yu\u00e1nl\u00e1i de j\u00echu\u00e0 q\u01d4xi\u0101o le.
\nBecause of all sorts of factors, the original plan was cancelled.<\/p>\n

There are still two very important constructions that deserve to be studied:<\/p>\n

\u8bba\u5230 (l\u00f9nd\u00e0o)\uff0f\u63d0\u5230 (t\u00edd\u00e0o) \u201cspeaking of\u201d<\/p>\n

\u8bba\u5230 (l\u00f9nd\u00e0o) and \u63d0\u5230 (t\u00edd\u00e0o) introduce the theme<\/a>. The translations in this case are suitable for reflecting the Chinese structure<\/a>, but only to clarify the explanation.<\/p>\n

Here are a few examples: <\/p>\n

\u8bba\u5230\u8db3\u7403\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u7a8d\u4e0d\u901a\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\nL\u00f9nd\u00e0o z\u00faqi\u00fa, w\u01d2 y\u012b qi\u00e0o b\u00f9 t\u014dng.
\nSpeaking of soccer, I’m completely ignorant.<\/p>\n

\u8bba\u5230\u7bee\u7403\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u3002
\nL\u00f9nd\u00e0o l\u00e1nqi\u00fa, w\u01d2 d\u014du zh\u012bd\u00e0o.
\nSpeaking of basketball, I know everything.<\/p>\n

\u63d0\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u6f2b\u753b\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u770b\u6cd5\uff1f
\nT\u00edd\u00e0o r\u00ecb\u011bn m\u00e0nhu\u00e0, n\u01d0 y\u01d2u sh\u00e9nme k\u00e0nf\u01ce?
\nSpeaking of Japanese Manga, do you have any idea?<\/p>\n

Directions <\/h2>\n

To express the direction toward which someone wants to go, or where one is headed, we need to use specific prepositions:<\/p>\n

\u5f80 (w\u01ceng)
\n\u671d (ch\u00e1o) \u201cToward, to\u201d
\n\u5411 (xi\u00e0ng)<\/p>\n

\u5f80 (w\u01ceng), which in classic Chinese had the meaning of “to go”, is used to introduce places toward where one is headed. It is therefore used with motion verbs:<\/p>\n

\u5979\u5f80\u524d\u8d70\u3002\t\t\t\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\nT\u0101 w\u01ceng qi\u00e1n z\u01d2u.
\nShe goes ahead.\t <\/p>\n

\u98de\u673a\u5f80\u5929\u4e0a\u98de\u3002
\nF\u0113ij\u012b w\u01ceng ti\u0101n sh\u00e0ng f\u0113i.
\nThe plane flies toward the sky.<\/p>\n

\u5f80\u53f3\u62d0\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\nW\u01ceng y\u00f2u gu\u01cei.
\nTurn to the right. <\/p>\n

\u5f80\u5de6\u8f6c\u3002
\nW\u01ceng zu\u01d2 zhu\u01cen.
\nTurn to the left.<\/p>\n

\u671d (ch\u00e1o), which in classic Chinese had the meaning of “being turned toward the emperor\u201d, is mainly used for cardinal points (east, west, north and south) and with the direction toward up or down.<\/p>\n

\u671d (ch\u00e1o) \u201ctoward \/ to\u201d \u5317 (b\u011bi) \u201cnorth\u201d
\n\u671d (ch\u00e1o) \u201ctoward \/ to \u201c \u897f (x\u012b) \u201cwest\u201d
\n\u671d (ch\u00e1o) \u201ctoward \/ to \u201c \u4e1c (d\u014dng) \u201ceast\u201d\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\n\u671d (ch\u00e1o) \u201ctoward \/ to\u201d \u5357 (n\u00e1n) \u201csouth\u201d<\/p>\n

\u6211\u671d\u4e0a\u53bb\u3002
\nW\u01d2 ch\u00e1o sh\u00e0ng q\u00f9.
\nI come up.\t\t<\/p>\n

\u6211\u671d\u4e0b\u6765\u3002
\nW\u01d2 ch\u00e1o xi\u00e0 l\u00e1i.
\nI go down.<\/p>\n

\u5411 (xi\u00e0ng) is interchangeable with \u5f80 (w\u01ceng) and with \u671d (ch\u00e1o). \u5411 (xi\u00e0ng) can also be used to introduce a person involved in the action of the verb.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5411\u7238\u7238\u501f\u4e86\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002
\nW\u01d2 xi\u00e0ng b\u00e0ba ji\u00e8 le q\u00ecch\u0113.
\nI made my dad lend me his car (literally it would be \u201cI toward my dad asked for the loan of his car\u201d).<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5411\u522b\u4eba\u5b66\u4e60\u3002
\nW\u01d2men y\u00e0o xi\u00e0ng bi\u00e9ren xu\u00e9x\u00ed.
\nWe have to learn from others (literally it would be \u201cwe have to toward others learn\u201d).<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u8981\u5411\u8001\u5e08\u8bf7\u6559\u3002
\nN\u01d0 y\u00e0o xi\u00e0ng l\u01ceosh\u012b q\u01d0ngji\u00e0o.
\nI have to ask the professor’s advice (literally it would be \u201cyou have to toward the professor ask advice\u201d).<\/p>\n

Photo Credits: \"Creative<\/a> \u6a02 “joy” chop<\/a> by Joybot<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The complement of company The complement of company indicates the person or inanimate being with which one finds in a specific circumstance or with whom one does or undergoes an action. The complement of company is introduced by the prepositions \u8ddf (g\u0113n) \u201cwith\u201d, \u548c (h\u00e9) \u201cand\/ together with\u201d. Here are a few examples: \u6211\u4e0d\u8ddf\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4e86\u3002 W\u01d2 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":16236,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[390,66],"class_list":["post-16199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learning-chinese","tag-learn-chinese-sidebar","tag-learn-chinese"],"yoast_head":"\nComplements of Company, Means, Tools, Topics, and Directions<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Complete guide to understand how to use the complements that express company, medium, instrument, subject or directions in Mandarin Chinese\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/complements-company-means-tools-topics-directions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" 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Currently, he's a Professor of Chinese Mandarin in Caltanissetta, while he also keeps studying Japanese and Classic Chinese at the University of Torino.","sameAs":["https:\/\/independent.academia.edu\/ArmandoTurturici","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/armando-alessandro-turturici-a4316ab7\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCnad7mZMifojVZp9LsRy4iQ"],"url":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/author\/armando\/"}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/complements-of-company.jpg",700,376,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/complements-of-company-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/complements-of-company-300x161.jpg",300,161,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/complements-of-company.jpg",700,376,false],"large":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/complements-of-company.jpg",700,376,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/complements-of-company.jpg",700,376,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/complements-of-company.jpg",700,376,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Armando Turturici","author_link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/author\/armando\/"},"uagb_comment_info":2,"uagb_excerpt":"The complement of company The complement of company indicates the person or inanimate being with which one finds in a specific circumstance or with whom one does or undergoes an action. The complement of company is introduced by the prepositions \u8ddf (g\u0113n) \u201cwith\u201d, \u548c (h\u00e9) \u201cand\/ together with\u201d. Here are a few examples: \u6211\u4e0d\u8ddf\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4e86\u3002 W\u01d2…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16199","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16199"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16199\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16199"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16199"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16199"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}