{"id":16197,"date":"2018-01-11T03:00:59","date_gmt":"2018-01-11T02:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/?p=16197"},"modified":"2022-02-04T10:34:41","modified_gmt":"2022-02-04T09:34:41","slug":"adverbs-zhi-jiu-cai-chinese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/adverbs-zhi-jiu-cai-chinese\/","title":{"rendered":"Adverbs \u53ea (zh\u01d0), \u5c31 (ji\u00f9) and \u624d (c\u00e1i) in Chinese"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Adverbs<\/p>\n

To out emphasis on a small quantity, you can insert one of the following three adverbs: \u53ea(zh\u01d0), \u5c31 (ji\u00f9) and \u624d(c\u00e1i), translatable as “only”.<\/p>\n

Here are a few examples: <\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\u4e0a\u8bfe\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u5c31\/\u53ea\/\u624d\u5341\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002
\nj\u012bnti\u0101n sh\u00e0ngk\u00e8 de r\u00e9n h\u011bn sh\u01ceo, ji\u00f9\/zh\u01d0\/c\u00e1i sh\u00edy\u012b g\u00e8r\u00e9n.
\nToday there were few in class, only eleven people.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u624d\/\u53ea\/\u5c31\u7761\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002
\nW\u01d2 c\u00e1i\/zh\u01d0\/ji\u00f9 shu\u00ecle li\u01ceng g\u00e8 xi\u01ceosh\u00ed.
\nI only slept two hours.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4ed6\u5c31\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u80cc\u7684\u3002
\nZh\u00e8 b\u011bn sh\u016b t\u0101ji\u00f9 k\u00e0nle y\u012b bi\u00e0n, b\u1ee5\u0300 hu\u00ec b\u00e8i de.
\nHe only read this book once, he can’t know it by memory.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5c31, which means \u201cjust\u201d, and \u624d, which means \u201conly just\u201d, are two adverbs frequently used in the Chinese language<\/a>, more in the written form, than the spoken. <\/p>\n

Although they can be translated respectively as “just” and “only just”, their use is much more complex, so we’ll analyze their occurrences in detail, comparing them.<\/p>\n

\u5c31 is used when a speaker considers that an action takes place quickly, when it happens “soon” or when the time it takes to happen is brief. When it expresses this meaning, you can find \u4e86(le) at the end of the phrase<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Here’s an example: <\/p>\n

\u6211\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c31\u559c\u6b22\u6253\u7bee\u7403\u3002
\nw\u01d2 c\u00f3ngxi\u01ceo ji\u00f9 x\u01d0huan d\u01ce l\u00e1nqi\u00fa.
\nI enjoy playing basketball since I was little.<\/p>\n

\u624d is used to signal the recent completion of an action (\u201cjust, only now\u201d) or with a restrictive value “only\u201d.<\/p>\n

Here’s an example: <\/p>\n

\u6211\u624d\u4ece\u91cd\u5e86\u56de\u6765\u5361\u5854\u5c3c\u585e\u5854\u4e0d\u4e45\u3002
\nW\u01d2 c\u00e1i c\u00f3ng Ch\u00f3ngq\u00ecng hu\u00edlai k\u01ce t\u01ce n\u00ed s\u0101i t\u01ce b\u00f9ji\u01d4.
\nNot long ago I got back to Caltanissetta from Chongqing.<\/p>\n

\u624d is also used when a speaker considers that an action takes place slowly, when it happens “late” or when it takes a long time to happen. When expressing this meaning, there can never be \u4e86 at the end of the phrase.<\/p>\n

Here are a few examples:<\/p>\n

\u6f14\u51fa\u4e03\u70b9\u534a\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e03\u70b9\u5c31\u5230\u5267\u573a\u4e86\u3002\t(The action happened \u201cearly\u201d)
\nY\u01cench\u016b q\u012b di\u01cen b\u00e0n k\u0101ish\u01d0, t\u0101 q\u012b di\u01cen ji\u00f9 d\u00e0o j\u00f9ch\u01ceng le.
\nThe show starts at 19:30 and he got to the theater ar 7.<\/p>\n

\u6f14\u51fa\u4e03\u70b9\u534a\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u516b\u70b9\u624d\u5230\u5267\u573a\u3002(L\u2019azione \u00e8 avvenuta in \u201critardo\u201d)
\nY\u01cench\u016b q\u012b di\u01cen b\u00e0n k\u0101ish\u01d0, t\u0101 b\u0101 di\u01cen c\u00e1i d\u00e0o j\u00f9ch\u01ceng.
\nThe show started at 19:30 and he only got there at 20.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4ed6\u5ff5\u4e86\u5341\u5206\u949f\u5c31\u4f1a\u80cc\u4e86\u3002\t(It used little time)
\nZh\u00e8 b\u011bn sh\u016b t\u0101 ni\u00e0nle sh\u00edf\u0113n zh\u014dng ji\u00f9 hu\u00ec b\u00e8i le.
\nHe read this book out loud for ten minute and already knows how to repeat it.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4ed6\u5ff5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u80cc\u3002\t(It used little time)
\nZh\u00e8 b\u011bn sh\u016b t\u0101 ni\u00e0nle y\u012b g\u00e8 xi\u01ceosh\u00ed c\u00e1i hu\u00ec b\u00e8i.
\nHe knows how to repeat this book only after reading it out loud for an hour.<\/p>\n

\u5c31 and \u624d can both be used to express two actions or situations that follow each other. \u5c31 expresses that the time between one action \/ situation and another is brief; \u624dc\u00e1i, instead, expresses that the time between one action \/ situation and another is long. For example:<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u521a\u751f\u75c5\u5c31\u544a\u8bc9\u5988\u5988\u4e86\u3002\t\t\t\t\t(Short time)
\nT\u0101 g\u0101ng sh\u0113ngb\u00ecng ji\u00f9 g\u00e0osu m\u0101ma le.
\nAs soon as he got sick he told his mom.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u75c5\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u624d\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u5988\u5988\u3002\t\t\t\t\t(Short time)
\nT\u0101 b\u00ecng h\u01ceole, c\u00e1i g\u00e0osu t\u0101 m\u0101ma.
\nHe told his mom only after he got better.<\/p>\n

\u5979\u4e00\u6bd5\u4e1a\u5c31\u56de\u56fd\u4e86\u3002\t\t\t\t\t\t(Short time)
\nT\u0101 y\u012b b\u00ecy\u00e8 ji\u00f9 hu\u00edgu\u00f3 le.
\nHe returned to his country right after graduating.<\/p>\n

\u5979\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u56de\u56fd\u3002\t\t\t\t\t(Short time)
\nT\u0101 b\u00ecy\u00e8 y\u012b g\u00e8 yu\u00e8 h\u00f2u, c\u00e1i hu\u00edgu\u00f3.
\nHe returned to his country only a month after he graduated. <\/p>\n

The structure \u201c\u4e00 (y\u012b) … \u5c31 (ji\u00f9) …\u201d<\/h2>\n

The structure \u201c\u4e00 (y\u012b) … \u5c31 (ji\u00f9) …\u201d (As soon as…, then…) expresses that two actions immediately follow one after another. For example:<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5f88\u806a\u660e\uff0c\u4e00\u5b66\u5c31\u4f1a\u3002
\nT\u0101 h\u011bn c\u014dngming, y\u012b xu\u00e9 ji\u00f9 hu\u00ec.
\nHe is smart. He learns right after studying. <\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e00\u4e0b\u8bfe\u5c31\u53bb\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u770b\u4e66\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u1ecb\u0304xi\u00e0 k\u00e8 ji\u00f9 q\u00f9 t\u00fash\u016bgu\u01cen k\u00e0nsh\u016b.
\nI go to the library to read as soon as class finishes.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e00\u4e0b\u8bfe\u5c31\u53bb\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u770b\u4e66\u4e86\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u1ecb\u0304xi\u00e0 k\u00e8 ji\u00f9 q\u00f9 t\u00fash\u016bgu\u01cen k\u00e0nsh\u016b le.
\nAs soon as class finished I went to the library to read.<\/p>\n

\u5929\u521a\u4eae\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u5c31\u8d70\u4e86\u3002
\nTi\u0101n g\u0101ng li\u00e0ng, w\u01d2 de p\u00e9ngyou men ji\u00f9 z\u01d2u le.
\nMy friends left as soon as it was daytime.<\/p>\n

When \u5c31 and \u624d are found in a phrase that indicates a temporal arc, \u5c31 expresses that the speaker considers that they’re “late\u201d; \u624d, on the other hand, expresses that the speaker considers that it is “early\u201d.<\/p>\n

Here are a few examples:<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u5929\uff0c\u770b\u5b8c\u6f14\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u5bb6\u5c31\u4e5d\u70b9\u4e94\u5341\u4e86\u3002\t(They returned late)
\nN\u00e0 ti\u0101n, k\u00e0nw\u00e1n y\u01cench\u016b, w\u01d2men d\u00e0oji\u0101 ji\u00f9 ji\u01d4 di\u01cen w\u01d4sh\u00ed le.
\nThat day, after seeing the show, we only got back home at 21:50.<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u5929\uff0c\u770b\u5b8c\u6f14\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u5bb6\u624d\u4e5d\u70b9\u4e94\u5341\u3002\t(They returned early)
\nN\u00e0 ti\u0101n, k\u00e0nw\u00e1n y\u01cench\u016b, w\u01d2men d\u00e0oji\u0101 c\u00e1i ji\u01d4 di\u01cen w\u01d4sh\u00ed.
\nThat day, after seeing the show, we just got home at 21:50.<\/p>\n

To remember the structure: <\/p>\n

\u53ea\u8981 (zh\u01d0y\u00e0o) …, \u5c31 (ji\u00f9) \/\u4fbf (bi\u00e0n) … \u201cSo long as…, then…\u201d<\/p>\n

Here are a few examples: <\/p>\n

\u53ea\u8981\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\u3002
\nZh\u01d0y\u00e0o n\u01d4l\u00ec, ji\u00f9 hu\u00ec ch\u00e9ngg\u014dng.
\nSo long as you work hard you’ll have success.<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u8981\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5403\u6b63\u5b97\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u83dc\u3002
\nZh\u01d0y\u00e0o q\u00f9 Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3, ji\u00f9 hu\u00ec ch\u012b zh\u00e8ngz\u014dng de Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3c\u00e0i.
\nSo long as you go to China, you can eat authentic Chinese food. <\/p>\n

As well as the structure: <\/p>\n

\u53ea\u6709 (zh\u1ecb\u030cy\u01d2u) …, \u624d (c\u00e1i) … \u201conly if…, then…\u201d<\/p>\n

Here are two examples: <\/p>\n

\u5b66\u751f\u53ea\u6709\u591a\u542c\u591a\u8bf4\u591a\u8bfb\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6587\u3002
\nXu\u00e9sheng zh\u1ecb\u030cy\u01d2u du\u014d t\u012bng du\u014d shu\u014ddu\u014d d\u00fa, c\u00e1in\u00e9ng xu\u00e9hu\u00ec Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n.
\nOnly if students listen, speak and read more can they learn the Chinese language.<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u6709\u5750\u98de\u673a\u624d\u80fd\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002
\nZh\u1ecb\u030cy\u01d2u zu\u00f2 f\u0113ij\u012b c\u00e1in\u00e9ng d\u00e0o Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3.
\nYou can only go to China by plane. <\/p>\n

Photo Credits: \"Creative<\/a> IMG_6895 1<\/a> by Dennis Amith<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

To out emphasis on a small quantity, you can insert one of the following three adverbs: \u53ea(zh\u01d0), \u5c31 (ji\u00f9) and \u624d(c\u00e1i), translatable as “only”. Here are a few examples: \u4eca\u5929\u4e0a\u8bfe\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u5c31\/\u53ea\/\u624d\u5341\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002 j\u012bnti\u0101n sh\u00e0ngk\u00e8 de r\u00e9n h\u011bn sh\u01ceo, ji\u00f9\/zh\u01d0\/c\u00e1i sh\u00edy\u012b g\u00e8r\u00e9n. Today there were few in class, only eleven people. \u6211\u624d\/\u53ea\/\u5c31\u7761\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002 W\u01d2 c\u00e1i\/zh\u01d0\/ji\u00f9 shu\u00ecle li\u01ceng g\u00e8 xi\u01ceosh\u00ed. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":16233,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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Here are a few examples: \u4eca\u5929\u4e0a\u8bfe\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u5c31\/\u53ea\/\u624d\u5341\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002 j\u012bnti\u0101n sh\u00e0ngk\u00e8 de r\u00e9n h\u011bn sh\u01ceo, ji\u00f9\/zh\u01d0\/c\u00e1i sh\u00edy\u012b g\u00e8r\u00e9n. Today there were few in class, only eleven people. \u6211\u624d\/\u53ea\/\u5c31\u7761\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002 W\u01d2 c\u00e1i\/zh\u01d0\/ji\u00f9 shu\u00ecle li\u01ceng g\u00e8 xi\u01ceosh\u00ed.…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16197","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16197"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16197\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}