{"id":15680,"date":"2017-11-16T03:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-11-16T02:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/?p=15680"},"modified":"2022-03-07T09:59:05","modified_gmt":"2022-03-07T08:59:05","slug":"complements-degree-chinese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/complements-degree-chinese\/","title":{"rendered":"Complements of degree in the Chinese language"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Complements<\/p>\n

A complement of degree \u2013 which makes up part of the verbal complements<\/a> – serves two functions: first of all it describes the way an action takes place or took place in the past. <\/p>\n

In this case, the verbal complement<\/a> is, most times, a predicative adjective; the complements of degree also specifies the intensity of the action or state expressed in the phrase, citing the consequences produced. <\/p>\n

Here are the structures used to construct the complement of degree:<\/p>\n

Action verb + \u5f97 (de) + Predicative adjective<\/strong>
\nVerb \/ predicative adjective + \u5f97 (de) + Consequence produced<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Let’s see a few examples: <\/p>\n

\u5979\u8bf4\u5f97\u5feb\u3002
\nT\u0101 shu\u014d de ku\u00e0i.
\nShe speaks quickly.\t<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u5f00\u5f97\u5f88\u6162\u3002
\nW\u01d2 de l\u01ceosh\u012b k\u0101i deh\u011bn m\u00e0n.
\nMy teacher drives slowly.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u6559\u5f97\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 de l\u01ceosh\u012b ji\u0101o de z\u011bnmey\u00e0ng?
\nHow does your professor teach?\t\t<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u6559\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\u3002
\nT\u0101 ji\u0101o de b\u00f9 h\u01ceo.
\nHe doesn’t teach well.<\/p>\n

The second use of the complement of degree translates a little bit like the expression “so + adjective + that\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

Here are some examples: <\/p>\n

\u6c34\u6d41\u5f97\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u8df3\u6c34\u3002
\nShu\u01d0li\u00fa de m\u00e9iy\u01d2u r\u00e9n xi\u01ceng ti\u00e0oshu\u01d0.
\nThe water flows so fast (strong) that nobody wants to take a dip.<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\u5929\u6c14\u70ed\u5f97\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u80c3\u53e3\u5403\u996d\u3002
\nJ\u012bnti\u0101n ti\u0101nq\u00ec r\u00e8 de d\u00e0ji\u0101 d\u014du m\u00e9iy\u01d2u w\u00e8ik\u01d2u ch\u012bf\u00e0n.
\nToday is so hot that no one has an appetite to eat.<\/p>\n

\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\u6324\u5f97\u6ca1\u6cd5\u5b50\u547c\u5438\u3002
\nG\u014dngg\u00f2ng q\u00ecch\u0113 j\u01d0 de m\u00e9i f\u01cezi h\u016bx\u012b.
\nThe bus is so crowded that I can’t breathe.<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u9ad8\u5174\u5f97\u5927\u58f0\u7b11\u4e86\u3002
\nN\u00e0ge xi\u01ceoh\u00e1izi g\u0101ox\u00ecng de d\u00e0sh\u0113ng xi\u00e0o le.
\nThat kid was so happy that he laughed out loudly.<\/p>\n

Since the particle \u5f97 introduces a verbal complement, there must be a verb to its left. In case the verb needs an object after it, you have to double the verb following this structure:<\/p>\n

Verb + Object + Verb + \u5f97 (de) + Complement of degree<\/strong><\/p>\n

Here’s an example: <\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5f00\u6c7d\u8f66\u5f00\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u3002
\nT\u0101 k\u0101i q\u00ecch\u0113 k\u0101i d\u00e9 f\u0113ich\u00e1ng h\u01ceo.
\nHe drives very well.<\/p>\n

There are many cases, however, when the first verb is omitted. With this second occurrence, it creates a sort of structure theme + comment, so we’ll use this other formula:<\/p>\n

Object + Verb + \u5f97 (de) + Complement of degree<\/strong>
\nHere’s an example: <\/p>\n

\u6c7d\u8f66\u4ed6\u5f00\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u3002
\nQ\u00ecch\u0113 t\u0101 k\u0101i d\u00e9 f\u0113ich\u00e1ng h\u01ceo.
\nHe drives very well.<\/p>\n

Note that negations, questions, comparatives and other structures, must be placed after the particle \u5f97 (de).<\/strong><\/p>\n

Here are some examples: <\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u8003\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\u3002
\nW\u01d2 de xu\u00e9sheng d\u014du k\u01ceo de b\u00f9 h\u01ceo.
\nAll my students did poorly on the test.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u770b\u5f97\u6e05\u695a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 k\u00e0nde q\u012bngchu b\u00f9 q\u012bngchu?
\nDo you see \/ read clearly?\t\t<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u542c\u5f97\u6e05\u695a\u5417\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 t\u012bng de q\u012bngchu ma?
\nCan you hear clearly?<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u6253\u7bee\u7403\u6253\u5f97\u6bd4\u6211\u597d\u3002
\nT\u0101 d\u01ce l\u00e1nqi\u00fa d\u01ce de b\u01d0 w\u01d2 h\u01ceo.
\nHe plays basketball better than I.\t<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5403\u5f97\u6bd4\u6211\u597d\u591a\u4e86
\nT\u0101 ch\u012bde b\u01d0 w\u01d2 h\u01ceo du\u014d le.
\nHe ate much more than me.<\/p>\n

Here are a few frequently used expressions:<\/p>\n

\u5fd9\u5f97\u8981\u547d (m\u00e1ng de y\u00e0om\u00ecng) \u201cso busy you could die\u201d
\n\u7d2f\u5f97\u8981\u6b7b (l\u00e8i de y\u00e0os\u01d0) \u201cdead tired\u201d
\n\u597d\u5f97\u5f88 (h\u01ceo deh\u011bn) \u201cvery good\u201d
\n\u6c14\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e86 (q\u00ec de b\u00f9d\u00e9li\u01ceo) \u201creally mad\u201d
\n\u997f\u6b7b\u4e86 (\u00e8s\u01d0 le) \u201cdying of hunger\u201d
\n\u7d2f\u6b7b\u6211\u4e86 (l\u00e8is\u01d0 w\u01d2 le) \u201creally tired\u201d<\/p>\n

To conclude, let’s see a few intensifiers: <\/p>\n

\u5f97\u591a (de du\u014d), \u591a\u4e86 (du\u014d le) \u201cMuch more\u201d<\/strong>
\n\u5f97\u5f88 (deh\u011bn), \u6781\u4e86 (j\u00ed le) \u201cExtremely\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n

Here are a few examples: <\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u809a\u5b50\u6bd4\u4f60\u7684\u5927\u5f97\u591a\u3002
\nW\u01d2 de d\u00f9zi b\u01d0 n\u01d0 de d\u00e0 de du\u014d.
\nMy belly is much bigger than yours.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u6bd4\u4ee5\u524d\u597d\u591a\u4e86\u3002
\nT\u0101 de sh\u0113nt\u01d0 b\u01d0 y\u01d0qi\u00e1n h\u01ceo du\u014d le.
\nHis health is much better than it was before.<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u53ea\u718a\u732b\u80d6\u5f97\u5f88\u3002
\nN\u00e0 zh\u012b xi\u00f3ngm\u0101o p\u00e0ng deh\u011bn.
\nThat panda is huge.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u6f02\u4eae\u6781\u4e86\u3002
\nW\u01d2 de n\u01dap\u00e9ngyou pi\u00e0oliang j\u00edle.
\nMy girlfriend is gorgeous.<\/p>\n

In the spoken language, to indicate the highest degree of something, you need to insert \u4ec0\u4e48\u4f3c\u7684 (sh\u00e9nme sh\u00ecde) or \u8ddf\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f3c\u7684 (g\u0113n sh\u00e9nme sh\u00ecde) right after \u5f97 (de). <\/p>\n

For example, \u201cI am extremely happy\u201d, you could say: \u6211\u9ad8\u5174\u5f97\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f3c\u7684 (w\u01d2 g\u0101ox\u00ecng de sh\u00e9nme sh\u00ecde); \u201cI am really scared\u201d, you say: \u6211\u5413\u5f97\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f3c\u7684 (w\u01d2 xi\u00e0 de sh\u00e9nme sh\u00ecde); and so on.<\/p>\n

Photo Credits: Photo by quillau<\/a> on Pixabay<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A complement of degree \u2013 which makes up part of the verbal complements – serves two functions: first of all it describes the way an action takes place or took place in the past. <\/p>\n

In this case, the verbal complement is, most times, a predicative adjective; the complements of degree also specifies the intensity of the action or state expressed in the phrase, citing the consequences produced. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":15706,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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