{"id":15596,"date":"2017-11-09T03:00:45","date_gmt":"2017-11-09T02:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/?p=15596"},"modified":"2022-02-03T14:23:36","modified_gmt":"2022-02-03T13:23:36","slug":"directional-complements-chinese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/directional-complements-chinese\/","title":{"rendered":"Directional complements in the Chinese language"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"directional<\/p>\n

Directional complements<\/h2>\n

In the Chinese language<\/a>, there are verbs of motion that, besides movement, also express direction. These verbs can be used transitively and intransitively, and are conventionally divided into two groups:<\/p>\n

The first group is made up of the verbs \u6765 (l\u00e1i) \u201cto come\u201d and \u53bb (q\u00f9) \u201cto go\u201d<\/h3>\n

Here are some examples: <\/p>\n

\u8001\u5e08\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nL\u01ceosh\u012b l\u00e1i le.
\nThe professor arrived.\t<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u5b66\u4e0d\u6765\u4e0a\u8bfe\u3002
\nQ\u00edt\u0101 t\u00f3ngxu\u00e9 bu l\u00e1i sh\u00e0ngk\u00e8.
\nThe other students aren’t coming to the lesson.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u7237\u7237\u4e0d\u80fd\u6765\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u00e9ye b\u00f9 n\u00e9ng l\u00e1i.
\nMy grandfather can’t come.<\/p>\n

\u767d\u5148\u52c7\u8001\u5e08\u6ca1\u6765\u3002
\nB\u00e1i Xi\u0101ny\u01d2ng l\u01ceosh\u012b m\u00e9i l\u00e1i.
\nProfessor Bai Xianyong didn’t come.<\/p>\n

\u83ab\u8a00\u8981\u53bb\u91cd\u5e86\u3002
\nM\u00f2 y\u00e1n y\u00e0o q\u00f9 Ch\u00f3ngq\u00ecng.
\nMo Yan will go to Chongqing.<\/p>\n

\u674e\u5c0f\u9f99\u53bb\u8fc7\u4f5b\u5c71\u3002
\nL\u01d0 Xi\u01ceol\u00f3ng q\u00f9guo F\u00f3sh\u0101n.
\nBruce Lee was in Foshan.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u660e\u5929\u4e0d\u80fd\u53bb\u4e0a\u8bfe\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u00edngti\u0101n b\u00f9n\u00e9ng q\u00f9 sh\u00e0ngk\u00e8.
\nTomorrow I won’t be able to go to class.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5988\u5988\u6ca1\u53bb\u8fc7\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u0101ma m\u00e9iq\u00f9guo Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3.
\nMy mother has never gone to Cina.<\/p>\n

As you can see from the examples, the verbs \u6765 and \u53bb can be used both transitively and intransitively, therefore followed by the object that could be a specific or figurative place, in the case of \u201cto go\/to come to class\u201d.<\/p>\n

The second group instead, is made up of a number of verbs that precede \u6765 (l\u00e1i) and \u53bb (q\u00f9) to express movement toward precise directions. <\/h3>\n

In these cases, \u6765 expresses a movement that goes toward the direction of the speaker; \u53bb, instead, expresses a movement that goes away from the speaker. <\/p>\n

The translations of \u6765 and \u53bb, respectively “to come” and “to go”, could be helpful in remembering the direction that these express. There are numerous verbs in this group. Let’s examine them in detail:<\/p>\n

\u4e0a (sh\u00e0ng) \u201cto go up on, up, toward the top, above, on\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n

An example of an intransitive use:<\/p>\n

\u6bdb\u8001\u5e08\u4e0a\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nM\u00e1o l\u01ceosh\u012b sh\u00e0nglai le.
\nProfessor Mao went up, or he went in the direction of the one speaking.<\/p>\n

\u6bdb\u8001\u5e08\u4e0a\u53bb\u4e86\u3002
\nM\u00e1o l\u01ceosh\u012b sh\u00e0ngqu le.
\nProfessor Mao went up, or he went away from the one speaking.<\/p>\n

An example of a transitive use (the object is placed between the main verb and \u6765 \/ \u53bb):<\/p>\n

\u6bdb\u8001\u5e08\u4e0a\u697c\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nM\u00e1o l\u01ceosh\u012b sh\u00e0ngl\u00f3u l\u00e1i le.
\nProfessor Mao “went up” the stairs, or he went in the direction of the one speaking.<\/p>\n

\u6bdb\u8001\u5e08\u4e0a\u697c\u53bb\u4e86\u3002
\nM\u00e1o l\u01ceosh\u012b sh\u00e0ngl\u00f3u q\u00f9le.
\nProfessor Mao “went up” the stairs, or he went away from the direction of the one speaking.<\/p>\n

\u4e0b (xi\u00e0) \u201cto go down, lower, toward the bottom, below, down\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

An example of an intransitive use:<\/p>\n

\u6bdb\u8001\u5e08\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nM\u00e1o l\u01ceosh\u012b xi\u00e0 lai le.
\nProfessor Mao went down in the direction of the one speaking.<\/p>\n

\u6bdb\u8001\u5e08\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e86\u3002
\nM\u00e1o l\u01ceosh\u012b xi\u00e0 qu le.
\nProfessor Mao went down away from the direction of the one speakin. <\/p>\n

An example of a transitive use (the object is placed between the main verb and \u6765\/\u53bb):<\/p>\n

\u6bdb\u8001\u5e08\u4e0b\u697c\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nM\u00e1o l\u01ceosh\u012b xi\u00e0l\u00f3u l\u00e1i le.
\nProfessor Mao \u201cwent down\u201d the stairs in the direction of the one speaking.<\/p>\n

\u6bdb\u8001\u5e08\u4e0b\u697c\u53bb\u4e86\u3002
\nM\u00e1o l\u01ceosh\u012b xi\u00e0 l\u00f3u qu le.
\nProfessor Mao \u201cwent down\u201d the stairs away from the direction of the one speaking.<\/p>\n

\u8fc7 (gu\u00f2) \u201cto cross, here, there\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

An example of an intransitive use:<\/p>\n

\u4eb2\u7231\u8bf7\u8fc7\u6765\u3002
\nQ\u012bn’\u00e0i q\u01d0ng gu\u00f2lai.
\nDear, please come here. Go in the direction of the one speaking.<\/p>\n

\u4eb2\u7231\u8bf7\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002
\nQ\u012bn’\u00e0i q\u01d0ng gu\u00f2 qu.
\nDear, please go there. Go away from the direction of the one speaking.<\/p>\n

An example of a transitive use:<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u8fc7\u8def\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nW\u01d2 de p\u00e9ngyou gu\u00f2l\u00f9 l\u00e1i le.
\nMy friend crossed the street. Going in the direction of the one speaking.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u8fc7\u8def\u53bb\u4e86\u3002
\nW\u01d2 de p\u00e9ngyou gu\u00f2 l\u00f9 qu le.
\nMy friend crossed the street. Going away from the direction of the one speaking.<\/p>\n

\u56de (hu\u00ed) \u201cto return (to a place)\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

An example of a transitive use:<\/p>\n

\u7ec8\u4e8e\u7238\u7238\u56de\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nZh\u014dngy\u00fa b\u00e0ba hu\u00edlai le.
\nIn the end papa came back. He went in the direction of the one speaking.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u4e0a\u6d77\u670b\u53cb\u8981\u56de\u53bb\u3002
\nW\u01d2 de Sh\u00e0ngh\u01cei p\u00e9ngyou y\u00e0o hu\u00edqu.
\nMy friend from Shanghai has to come back. He must return by going away from the one speaking. <\/p>\n

An example of an intransitive use:<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5988\u5988\u56de\u5bb6\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u0101ma hu\u00edji\u0101 l\u00e1i le.
\nMy mom came back home. She returned in the direction of the one speaking.<\/p>\n

\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5927\u4f7f\u56de\u5317\u4eac\u53bb\u4e86\u3002
\nY\u00ecd\u00e0l\u00ec d\u00e0sh\u01d0 hu\u00ed B\u011bij\u012bng q\u00f9le.
\nThe Italian ambassador returned to Beijing. He came back away from the one speaking.<\/p>\n

\u8fdb (j\u00ecn) \u201cto enter\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

An example of a transitive use:<\/p>\n

\u8bf7\u95ee\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u6765\u5417\uff1f
\nQ\u01d0ngw\u00e8n, n\u01d0 k\u011by\u01d0 j\u00ecn lai ma?
\nExcuse me, can one enter? in the direction of the one speaking.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5148\u8fdb\u53bb\u5427\uff01
\nN\u01d0 xi\u0101n j\u00ecnqu ba!
\nYou go in first! going away from the one speaking.<\/p>\n

An example of an intransitive use:<\/p>\n

\u8001\u5e08\u8fdb\u6559\u5ba4\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nL\u01ceosh\u012b j\u00ecn ji\u00e0osh\u00ec l\u00e1i le.
\nThe professor entered the class. He entered in the direction of the one speaking.<\/p>\n

\u5404\u4f4d\u540c\u5b66\u8fdb\u6559\u5ba4\u53bb\u5427\uff01
\nG\u00e8w\u00e8i t\u00f3ngxu\u00e9 j\u00ecn ji\u00e0osh\u00ec q\u00f9 ba!
\nStudents, please enter the classroom! The enter by going away from the one speaking.<\/p>\n

\u51fa (ch\u016b) \u201cto go out, to leave\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8001\u677f\u7a81\u7136\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nL\u01ceob\u01cen t\u016br\u00e1n ch\u016blai le.
\nSuddenly the boss jumped outside, in the direction of the one speaking.<\/p>\n

\u533b\u751f\u51fa\u53bb\u4e86\u3002
\nY\u012bsh\u0113ng ch\u016bqu le.
\nThe doctor left. Going away from the one speaking.<\/p>\n

Other than very rare exceptions, this verb isn’t used in a transitive form with \u6765 or \u53bb. <\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u51fa\u95e8\u53bb\u4e86\u3002
\nT\u0101 ch\u016bm\u00e9n q\u00f9le.
\nHe left.<\/p>\n

Figurative directional complements<\/h2>\n

There is a series of movement verbs<\/a> which, if together with other characters, express a meaning different than what it would usually have. These characters are conventionally called “figurative directionals\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u8fc7\u53bb (gu\u00f2 qu) can indicate the passing of time.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u79cb\u5929\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u51ac\u5929\u5feb\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nQi\u016bti\u0101n y\u01d0jing gu\u00f2qule, d\u014dngti\u0101n ku\u00e0i l\u00e1i le.
\nAutumn is has passed by now and winter is about to arrive.<\/p>\n

\u8d77\u6765 (q\u01d0lai) recalls to mind or to remind of something or someone. <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u7ec8\u4e8e\u60f3\u8d77\u4f60\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6765\u3002
\nW\u01d2 zh\u014dngy\u00fa xi\u01cengq\u01d0 n\u01d0 de m\u00edngzi l\u00e1i.
\nIn the end I remembered your name.<\/p>\n

\u7a81\u7136\u60f3\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nT\u016br\u00e1n xi\u01ceng q\u01d0lai le.
\nIn the end I remembered them.<\/p>\n

\u8d77\u6765 (q\u01d0lai) can begin an action.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5979\u5531\u8d77\u8521\u4f9d\u6797\u7684\u6b4c\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nT\u0101 ch\u00e0ngq\u01d0 C\u00e0i Y\u012bl\u00edn de g\u0113 l\u00e1i le.
\nShe started singing a song by Jolin Tsai.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u54ed\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u7b11\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nZh\u00e8ge xi\u01ceoh\u00e1izi k\u016b q\u01d0lai le, n\u00e0ge xi\u00e0oq\u01d0lai le.
\nThis kid started crying, that one started laughing.<\/p>\n

\u5929\u6c14\u70ed\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nTi\u0101nq\u00ec r\u00e8 q\u01d0lai le.
\nThe temperature got hot.<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u6765 (xi\u00e0lai) indicates the gradual diminishing of an action or state.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nG\u014dngg\u00f2ng q\u00ecch\u0113 t\u00edng xi\u00e0lai le.
\nThe bus gradually stopped.<\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5b89\u9759\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nXi\u01ceoh\u00e1izimen \u0101nj\u00ecng xi\u00e0lai le.
\nThe kids slowly calmed down.<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u53bb (xi\u00e0qu) indicates the continuation or restarting of an action.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8bf7\u5531\u4e0b\u53bb\u5427\uff0c\u4f60\u5531\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\u542c\uff01
\nQ\u01d0ng ch\u00e0ng xi\u00e0qu ba, n\u01d0 ch\u00e0ng deh\u011bn h\u01ceot\u012bng!
\nPlease, keep singing. You sing well!<\/p>\n

\u575a\u6301\u4e0b\u53bb\uff01\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff01
\nJi\u0101nch\u00ed xi\u00e0qu! M\u00e9iy\u01d2u sh\u00e9nme b\u00f9 k\u011bn\u00e9ng!
\nDon’t give up! Nothing is impossible!<\/p>\n

\u4e0a (sh\u00e0ng) indicates something that one can put on one’s body or the surface of something else.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u590f\u5929\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5e73\u65f6\u7a7f\u4e0a\u4e00\u4ef6\uff34\u6064\u3002
\nXi\u00e0ti\u0101n de sh\u00edhou, w\u01d2 p\u00edngsh\u00ed chu\u0101nshang y\u012b ji\u00e0n T x\u00f9.
\nIn summer I usually wear a T-shirt.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5988\u5988\u5728\u5c01\u4e0a\u8d34\u4e0a\u4e24\u5f20\u90ae\u7968\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u0101ma z\u00e0i f\u0113ngsh\u00e0ng ti\u0113sh\u00e0ng li\u01ceng zh\u0101ng y\u00f3upi\u00e0o.
\nMy mother attached two stamps to the letter.<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u5927\u5b66\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u6234\u4e0a\u773c\u955c\u3002
\nSh\u00e0ng d\u00e0xu\u00e9 h\u00f2u, w\u01d2 k\u0101ish\u01d0 d\u00e0ishang y\u01cenj\u00ecng.
\nAfter beginning university I started wearing glasses.<\/p>\n

\u4e0a (sh\u00e0ng) implies the closing of something.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u95ed\u4e0a\u4e86\u5634\uff0c\u5979\u95ed\u4e0a\u4e86\u773c\u775b\u3002
\nW\u01d2 b\u00ecshangle zu\u01d0, t\u0101 b\u00ecshangle y\u01cenjing.
\nI closed my mouth and she closed her eyes.<\/p>\n

\u8bf7\u4f60\u5173\u4e0a\u95e8\u3002\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5173\u4e0a\u4e86\u7a97\u6237\u3002
\nQ\u01d0ng n\u01d0 gu\u0101n shangm\u00e9n. W\u01d2 y\u01d0jing gu\u0101nshangle chu\u0101nghu.
\nPlease close the door. I already closed the windows.<\/p>\n

\u4e0a (sh\u00e0ng) implies a success or the realization of something difficult.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u8003\u4e0a\u4e86\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u3002
\nT\u0101 k\u01ceoshangle B\u011bij\u012bng D\u00e0xu\u00e9.
\nHe was admitted into Beijing University.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8fd8\u6ca1\u770b\u4e0a\u53f6\u95ee3.
\nW\u01d2 h\u00e1i m\u00e9i k\u00e0nshang Y\u00e8 W\u00e8n 3.
\nI haven’t yet managed to see Ye Wen 3.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u7ec8\u4e8e\u4e70\u4e0a\u4e86\u623f\u5b50\u5417\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 zh\u014dngy\u00fa m\u01ceish\u00e0ngle f\u00e1ngzi ma?
\nIn the end did you manage to buy a house?<\/p>\n

\u4e0a (sh\u00e0ng) implies an addition. <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8bf7\u79cd\u4e0a\u4e24\u68f5\u6811\u3002
\nQ\u01d0ng zh\u00f2ngshang li\u01ceng k\u0113 sh\u00f9.
\nPlease plant another two trees.<\/p>\n

\u7b97\u4e0a\u6211\u5427\uff01
\nSu\u00e0nsh\u00e0ng w\u01d2 ba!
\nConsider me in!<\/p>\n

\u4e0b (xi\u00e0) implies a detachment or removal.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u522b\u8131\u4e0b\u96e8\u8863\uff0c\u5feb\u8981\u4e0b\u96e8\u4e86\u3002
\nBi\u00e9 tu\u014dxi\u00e0 y\u01d4y\u012b, ku\u00e0iy\u00e0o xi\u00e0y\u01d4 le.
\nDon’t take off your raincoat because it’s about to rain.<\/p>\n

\u5979\u4ece\u6811\u4e0a\u6458\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u6735\u82b1\u3002
\nT\u0101 c\u00f3ng sh\u00f9 shang zh\u0101ixi\u00e0le y\u012b du\u01d2 hu\u0101.
\nShe picked a flower from a tree.<\/p>\n

\u4e0b (xi\u00e0) may want to indicate the noting of something.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4f1a\u5fd8\u8bb0\uff0c\u6211\u8bb0\u4e0b\u6765\uff01
\nW\u01d2 hu\u00ec w\u00e0ngj\u00ec, w\u01d2 j\u00ec xi\u00e0lai!
\nI might forget, so I’ll write it down!<\/p>\n

\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\uff0c\u5199\u4e0b\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u3002
\nT\u00f3ngxu\u00e9 men, xi\u011bxi\u00e0 zh\u00e8 j\u00f9 hu\u00e0.
\nStudents, write this phrase.<\/p>\n

\u51fa (ch\u016b) or \u51fa\u6765 (ch\u016blai) reveals something or recognizes something.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u53f6\u5e08\u5085\uff0c\u6211\u771f\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u4f60\u8fd9\u4e48\u5389\u5bb3\u3002
\nY\u00e8 sh\u012bfu, w\u01d2 zh\u0113n k\u00e0nbuch\u016blai n\u01d0 zh\u00e8me l\u00echai.
\nMaster Ye, I never imagined that he was so strong.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u80fd\u542c\u51fa\u6765\u8fd9\u662f\u54ea\u91cc\u7684\u65b9\u8a00\u5417\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 n\u00e9ng t\u012bng ch\u016blai zh\u00e8 sh\u00ec n\u01celi de f\u0101ngy\u00e1n ma?
\nCan you understand (by listening) which dialect this is? <\/p>\n

\u6211\u6ca1\u542c\u51fa\u6765\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u00e9i t\u012bng ch\u016blai t\u0101 sh\u00ec Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3r\u00e9n.
\nI didn’t understand that he was Chinese.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6211\u5168\u770b\u5f97\u61c2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bdd\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u51fa\u6765\u3002
\nZh\u00e8 pi\u0101n w\u00e9nzh\u0101ng w\u01d2 qu\u00e1n k\u00e0nde d\u01d2ng, d\u00e0nsh\u00ec y\u00f2ng z\u00ecj\u01d0 dehu\u00e0 w\u01d2 b\u00f9n\u00e9ng shu\u014d ch\u016blai.
\nI understood the entire article but am not able to tell it in my own words.<\/p>\n

\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u8ba4\u51fa\u6765\u6211\u7684\u524d\u4efb\u4e86\u3002
\nY\u01d0jingguo le h\u011bn du\u014d ni\u00e1n, w\u01d2 b\u00f9 r\u00e8n ch\u016blai w\u01d2 de qi\u00e1nr\u00e8n le.
\nMany years have passed, I no longer recognize my ex.<\/p>\n

\u8fc7\u6765 (gu\u00f2lai) indicates the change in a situation.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nZh\u00e8 b\u011bn xi\u01ceoshu\u014d y\u01d0jing f\u0101ny\u00ec gu\u00f2lai le.
\nThis novel was already translated.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5e3d\u5b50\u6362\u8fc7\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nT\u0101men de m\u00e0ozi hu\u00e0n gu\u00f2lai le.
\nThey changed their hair.<\/p>\n

\u8fc7\u6765 (gu\u00f2lai), preceded by \u4e0d, indicates the impossibility of doing something. <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5b69\u5b50\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u5988\u5988\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7167\u987e\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6765\u3002
\nH\u00e1izi t\u00e0i du\u014d le, m\u0101ma y\u012b g\u00e8r\u00e9n zh\u00e0og\u00f9 bu gu\u00f2lai.
\nThe kids are too much, the mother can’t take care of them alone.<\/p>\n

\u8c22\u8c22\u4f60\u4eec\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u83dc\uff0c\u6211\u5403\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6765\u554a\u3002
\nXi\u00e8xie n\u01d0men, d\u00e0nsh\u00ec zh\u00e8me du\u014d c\u00e0i, w\u01d2 ch\u012b bugu\u00f2 l\u00e1i a.
\nThanks, but I can’t eat all this food.<\/p>\n

Note that the verbs commonly used together with \u8fc7\u6765 with this function are: \u5403 (to eat)\uff0c\u7528 (to use)\uff0c\u73a9 (to enjoy\/to play)\uff0c\u770b (to read\/to look)\uff0c\u5e72 (to do)\uff0c\u7ba1 (to watch after)\uff0c\u6570 (to count)\uff0c\u80cc (to learn by memory)\uff0c\u5ff5 (to read)\uff0c\u7b97 (to calculate)\uff0c\u590d\u4e60 (to review)\uff0c\u7167\u987e (to take care of)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fc7\u6765 (gu\u00f2lai), indicates the return to a normal or original state and, usually, has a positive connotiation. <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe\u8499\u591a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9519\u5b57\u6539\u8fc7\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nT\u00fa M\u00e9ngdu\u014d b\u01ce zh\u00e8ge cu\u00f2z\u00ec g\u01cei gu\u00f2lai le.
\nTu Mengduo corrected this wrong character.<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u8fc7\u533b\u751f\u7684\u62a2\u6551\uff0c\u7238\u7238\u7ec8\u4e8e\u9192\u8fc7\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nJ\u012bnggu\u00f2 y\u012bsh\u0113ng de qi\u01cengji\u00f9, b\u00e0ba zh\u014dngy\u00fa x\u01d0ng gu\u00f2lai le.
\nThanks to the help from the doctor, papa eventually got up again.<\/p>\n

Photo Credits: \"Creative<\/a> Look Right<\/a> by Joop<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Directional complements In the Chinese language, there are verbs of motion that, besides movement, also express direction. These verbs can be used transitively and intransitively, and are conventionally divided into two groups: The first group is made up of the verbs \u6765 (l\u00e1i) \u201cto come\u201d and \u53bb (q\u00f9) \u201cto go\u201d Here are some examples: \u8001\u5e08\u6765\u4e86\u3002 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":15637,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[390,66],"class_list":["post-15596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learning-chinese","tag-learn-chinese-sidebar","tag-learn-chinese"],"yoast_head":"\nDirectional complements in the Chinese language<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Complete guide with everything you need to know about how and when to use the directional complements in Chinese.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/directional-complements-chinese\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta 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Currently, he's a Professor of Chinese Mandarin in Caltanissetta, while he also keeps studying Japanese and Classic Chinese at the University of Torino.","sameAs":["https:\/\/independent.academia.edu\/ArmandoTurturici","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/armando-alessandro-turturici-a4316ab7\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCnad7mZMifojVZp9LsRy4iQ"],"url":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/author\/armando\/"}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2027\/11\/directional-complements-in-chinese.jpg",700,376,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2027\/11\/directional-complements-in-chinese-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2027\/11\/directional-complements-in-chinese-300x161.jpg",300,161,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2027\/11\/directional-complements-in-chinese.jpg",700,376,false],"large":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2027\/11\/directional-complements-in-chinese.jpg",700,376,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2027\/11\/directional-complements-in-chinese.jpg",700,376,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2027\/11\/directional-complements-in-chinese.jpg",700,376,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Armando Turturici","author_link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/author\/armando\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Directional complements In the Chinese language, there are verbs of motion that, besides movement, also express direction. These verbs can be used transitively and intransitively, and are conventionally divided into two groups: The first group is made up of the verbs \u6765 (l\u00e1i) \u201cto come\u201d and \u53bb (q\u00f9) \u201cto go\u201d Here are some examples: \u8001\u5e08\u6765\u4e86\u3002…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15596"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15596\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15637"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15596"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}