{"id":14445,"date":"2017-05-26T03:00:50","date_gmt":"2017-05-26T02:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/?p=14445"},"modified":"2022-02-03T12:00:41","modified_gmt":"2022-02-03T11:00:41","slug":"grammatical-particle-chinese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/grammatical-particle-chinese\/","title":{"rendered":"Grammatical particle in Chinese"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

In this article we’ll synthetically address one of the peculiarities of the Chinese language and other “oriental” languages, the particles under a phrase. <\/p>\n

The Chinese language uses particular characters under a phrase, conventionally called “particles”. Thanks to these particles, the phrase assumes a different nuance. One of the characteristics of these particles is that they don’t have any tone, they are atonal.<\/p>\n

The particle \u5427 (ba)<\/h2>\n

The particle \u5427 indicates when the speaker has a certain evaluation about something but isn’t sure of it (supposition); when the speaker wants to lessen the intensity of a phrase; or when a phrase has a rhetorical sense. Here are some examples:<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u5c0f\u513f\u5b50\u5427\uff1f
\nZh\u00e8 sh\u00ec n\u01d0 de xi\u01ceo \u00e9rzi ba?
\nThis is your kid, no?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u522b\u5435\u5427\uff01
\nBi\u00e9 ch\u01ceo ba!
\nCome on, don’t make a racket!<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\uff0c\u597d\u5427\uff1f
\nW\u01d2men y\u012bq\u01d0 q\u00f9, h\u01ceo ba?
\nWe’ll go together, ok? <\/p>\n

Important<\/strong>: When, in a question, we find characters that express an evaluation or a conjecture, such as for example \u5927\u6982(d\u00e0g\u00e0i), which means \u201capproximately \/ probably\u201d, \u4e5f\u8bb8 (y\u1eb9\u030cx\u01d4), which means \u201cperhaps\u201d, or \u5927\u7ea6 (d\u00e0yu\u0113), which means \u201cabout\u201d, the interrogative modal particle \u5417(ma) is normally substitute with \u5427.<\/p>\n

Here’s an example: <\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u5927\u6982\u5341\u4e8c\u70b9\u4e86\u5427\uff1f
\nXi\u00e0nz\u00e0i d\u00e0g\u00e0i sh\u00ed’\u00e8r di\u01cenle ba?
\nIt’s almost twelve, right?<\/p>\n

The particle \u5462 (ne)<\/h2>\n

La particella\u5462 has several uses. First of all, when its found at the end of an assertive phrase, it implies a continuing situation or an action and or state in progress. Here are a few examples: <\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u96e8\u5462\u3002
\nXi\u00e0y\u01d4 ne.
\nIts raining.<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u5929\u6c14\u8fd8\u975e\u5e38\u70ed\u5462\u3002
\nN\u00e0li de ti\u0101nq\u00ec h\u00e1i f\u0113ich\u00e1ng r\u00e8 ne.
\nIt’s still really hot there.<\/p>\n

Another use of the particle \u5462\u00e8 is to ask the same question that was just asked without repeating it. Here are a few examples: <\/p>\n

A: \u4f60\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1f
\nA: N\u01d0 z\u00e0i n\u1ea1\u030cli g\u014dngzu\u00f2?
\nA: Where do you work?\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

B: \u6211\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u94f6\u884c\u3002\u4f60\u5462\uff1f
\nB: W\u01d2 z\u00e0i Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 y\u00ednh\u00e1ng. N\u01d0 ne?
\nB: At the Bank of China, and you?<\/p>\n

The particle \u5462, moreover, can make it so that the predicate can be omitted from a question when you can understand its meaning without the help of the verb. Let’s look at a few examples: <\/p>\n

\u56db\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u662f\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e8c\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u5462\uff1f
\nS\u00ec de y\u012b b\u00e0n sh\u00ec \u00e8r, \u00e8r de y\u012b b\u00e0n ne?
\nHalf of four is two, and half of two?<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56fe\u8499\u591a\u3001\u9ea6\u6613\u6770\u90fd\u4f1a\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u8ff7\u68ee\u7eb3\uff0c\u4f60\u5462\uff1f
\nZh\u00e8ge w\u00e8nt\u00ed, T\u00fa M\u00e9ngdu\u014d, M\u00e0i Y\u00ecji\u00e9 do\u016bhu\u00ec hu\u00edd\u00e1. M\u00ed S\u0113nn\u00e0, n\u01d0 ne?
\nTo this question, Tu Mengduo and Mai Yijie know how to answer. And you, Mi Senna?<\/p>\n

A last use of the particle \u5462 consists in asking \u201cwhere\u201d someone or something can be found when the speaker doesn’t see what they expected to see. Let’s look at a few examples: <\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6765\u770b\u7535\u5f71\u5417\uff1f\u4f60\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u5462\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 y\u012b g\u00e8r\u00e9n l\u00e1i k\u00e0n di\u00e0ny\u01d0ng ma? N\u01d0 n\u01dap\u00e9ngyou ne?
\nYou came to see the movie alone? Where’s your girlfriend?<\/p>\n

\u563f\uff0c\u8336\u9986\u5462\uff1f
\nH\u0113i, ch\u00e1gu\u01cen ne?
\nHey, where’s the tea house?<\/p>\n

The particle \u7684 (de)<\/h2>\n

The particle \u7684<\/a>, inserted at the end of a phrase, signals a certainty and security that the one speaking possesses regarding to what they’re affirming. Here are two examples: <\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4e00\u5b9a\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u3002
\nT\u0101 y\u012bd\u00ecng zh\u012bdao zh\u00e8 ji\u00e0n sh\u00ecqing de.
\nHe knows this for sure!<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u4e0d\u8981\u90a3\u8f86\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u3002
\nW\u01d2 de l\u01ceosh\u012b b\u00f9y\u00e0o n\u00e0 li\u00e0ng q\u00ecch\u0113 de.
\nSurely my professor wouldn’t want that car!<\/p>\n

The particles \u5457 (bei) and \u554a (a)<\/h2>\n

The particle \u5457 indicates a lack of enthusiasm or indicates that things must be done only in a certain manner. In other words, it expresses the obviousness of something. Here are some examples: <\/p>\n

A: \u4f60\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5750\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\uff1f
\nA: N\u01d0 w\u00e8ish\u00e9nme y\u00e0o zu\u00f2 g\u014dngg\u00f2ng q\u00ecch\u0113?
\nA: Why do you have to take the bus?\t\t<\/p>\n

B: \u53bb\u5b66\u6821\u5457
\nB: Q\u00f9 xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o bei.
\nB: Well, to go to school\u2026<\/p>\n

The particle \u554a, instead, implies a doubt that approaches a request for confirmation. Here’s an example: <\/p>\n

\u4f60\u8bf4\u4f60\u4e0d\u60f3\u53bb\u554a\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 shu\u014d n\u01d0 b\u00f9 xi\u01ceng q\u00f9 a?
\nAre you saying that you don’t want to go?<\/p>\n

The particles \u4e86 (le), \u54af (lo) and \u5570 (luo)<\/h2>\n

The particles\u4e86, \u54af and \u5570<\/a>, put underneath a phrase, are used to make deductions regarding a situation. When these particles are used with this function, you often find \u90a3\u4e48 (n\u00e0me) or \u90a3 (n\u00e0) in a phrase. Here are a few examples: <\/p>\n

A: \u90a3\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u8ddf\u4f60\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c\u5979\u662f\u8c01\uff1f
\nA: N\u00e0ge xu\u00e9sheng g\u0113n n\u01d0 h\u011bn xi\u00e0ng, t\u0101 sh\u00ec shu\u00ed?
\nA: That student looks a lot like you, who is she?<\/p>\n

B: \u6211\u8ddf\u5979\u540c\u59d3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5979\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u59d0\u59d0\u3002
\nB: W\u01d2 g\u0113n t\u0101 t\u00f3ngx\u00ecng, d\u00e0nsh\u00ec t\u0101 b\u1ee5\u0300 sh\u00ec w\u01d2 ji\u011bjie.
\nB: We have the same last name but she isn’t my older sister.<\/p>\n

A: \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5979\u662f\u4f60\u59b9\u59b9\u4e86\uff1f
\nA: N\u00e0me, t\u0101 sh\u00ec n\u01d0 m\u00e8imei le?
\nA: In that case, she’s your younger sister, no?<\/p>\n

Photo Credits: \"Creative<\/a> Chinese-English dictionary<\/a> by Ian Lamont<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In this article we’ll synthetically address one of the peculiarities of the Chinese language and other “oriental” languages, the particles under a phrase. The Chinese language uses particular characters under a phrase, conventionally called “particles”. Thanks to these particles, the phrase assumes a different nuance. One of the characteristics of these particles is that they 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English Language from the University of Enna Kore, in 2014. Currently, he's a Professor of Chinese Mandarin in Caltanissetta, while he also keeps studying Japanese and Classic Chinese at the University of Torino.","sameAs":["https:\/\/independent.academia.edu\/ArmandoTurturici","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/armando-alessandro-turturici-a4316ab7\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCnad7mZMifojVZp9LsRy4iQ"],"url":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/author\/armando\/"}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2027\/05\/grammatical-particle-in-chinese.jpg",700,376,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2027\/05\/grammatical-particle-in-chinese-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2027\/05\/grammatical-particle-in-chinese-300x161.jpg",300,161,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2027\/05\/grammatical-particle-in-chinese.jpg",700,376,false],"large":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2027\/05\/grammatical-particle-in-chinese.jpg",700,376,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2027\/05\/grammatical-particle-in-chinese.jpg",700,376,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2027\/05\/grammatical-particle-in-chinese.jpg",700,376,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Armando Turturici","author_link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/author\/armando\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"In this article we’ll synthetically address one of the peculiarities of the Chinese language and other “oriental” languages, the particles under a phrase. The Chinese language uses particular characters under a phrase, conventionally called “particles”. Thanks to these particles, the phrase assumes a different nuance. One of the characteristics of these particles is that they…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14445","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14445"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14445\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14607"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14445"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}