{"id":13657,"date":"2017-03-16T02:00:25","date_gmt":"2017-03-16T01:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/?p=13657"},"modified":"2022-02-08T22:09:46","modified_gmt":"2022-02-08T21:09:46","slug":"auxiliary-modals-time-related-expressions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/auxiliary-modals-time-related-expressions\/","title":{"rendered":"Auxiliary modals time-related expressions in Chinese"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Auxiliary<\/p>\n

The Chinese language<\/a> has a vast gamut of auxiliary modals and it isn’t at all rare to find characters that can be translated in the same way but possess shades of meaning and context and slightly different ways of use. <\/p>\n

To fully master the Chinese language it is good to examine it in detail, even if at times, when speaking about a language, it’s best not to think about things too much and let the words flow freely from our mouth.<\/p>\n

The possibilities<\/h2>\n

Auxiliary modals, placed to the left of the verb, modify the meaning. Auxiliary modals are characters that express: to be able to, to want, to have intentions to, to have to, to need.<\/p>\n

\u4f1a (hu\u00ec) \u201cto be able to\u201d <\/h3>\n

It expresses the possibility that something will take place; it also expresses a capacity or acquired ability (something that you know how to do or learned to do). To conclude, it can serve as an indicator of the future.<\/p>\n

\u660e\u5929\u4f1a\u4e0b\u96e8\u3002
\nM\u00edngti\u0101n hu\u00ec xi\u00e0 y\u01d4.
\nTomorrow it could rain \/ tomorrow it will rain.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u660e\u5929\u6211\u4f1a\u5fd9\u3002
\nM\u00edngti\u0101n w\u01d2 hu\u00ec m\u00e1ng.
\nTomorrow I could be busy \/ tomorrow I will be busy.<\/p>\n

\u5979\u4f1a\u505a\u996d\u3002
\nT\u0101 hu\u00ec zu\u00f2f\u00e0n.
\nShe knows how to cook.\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4f1a\u8bf4\u4e2d\u6587\u3002
\nT\u0101 hu\u00ec shu\u014d zh\u014dngw\u00e9n.
\nHe knows how to speak Chinese.<\/p>\n

\u5168\u8bd7\u7136\u4f1a\u6559\u4e66\u3002
\nQu\u00e1n Sh\u012br\u00e1n hu\u00ec ji\u0101osh\u016b.
\nQuan Shiran knows how to teach.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u4f1a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u8bed\u5417\uff1f\u4e0d\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u3002
\nN\u01d0 hu\u00ec shu\u014d f\u01cey\u01d4 ma? B\u00f9, w\u01d2 b\u00f9 hu\u00ec shu\u014d.
\nDo you speak French? No, I don’t speak it.<\/p>\n

\u4f1a (hu\u00ec) can be preceded by \u5f88 (h\u011bn) \u201cmany\u201d, \u771f (zh\u0113n) \u201ctruly\u201d, \u6700(zu\u00ec) \u201cthe most\u201d, to express an ability or innate talent. <\/p>\n

\u6211\u5988\u5988\u5f88\u4f1a\u505a\u996d\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u0101ma h\u011bn hu\u00ec zu\u00f2f\u00e0n.
\nMy mother knows how to cook very well.<\/p>\n

\u5168\u8001\u5e08\u6700\u4f1a\u6559\u4e2d\u6587\u3002
\nQu\u00e1n L\u01ceosh\u012b zu\u00ec hu\u00ec ji\u0101o zh\u014dngw\u00e9n.
\nProfessor Quan is the best Chinese teacher.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u771f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u559d\u9152\u3002
\nW\u01d2 zh\u0113n b\u00f9 hu\u00ec h\u0113ji\u01d4.
\nI really don’t manage to drink.<\/p>\n

\u80fd (n\u00e9ng) \u201cto be able to\u201d<\/h3>\n

It expresses the physical ability to do something; indicates the possession of permission to do something; also expresses the impossibility of doing something.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u55d3\u5b50\u75bc\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002
\nW\u01d2 de s\u01cengzi t\u00e9ng, b\u00f9 n\u00e9ng shu\u014dhu\u00e0.
\nMy throat hurts, I can’t speak.<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u5728\u4fee\u8def\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fc7\u3002
\nXi\u00e0nz\u00e0i z\u00e0i xi\u016bl\u00f9, t\u0101 b\u00f9 n\u00e9ng gu\u00f2.
\nNow they’re fixing the road, he can’t pass.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u80fd\u5438\u70df\u5417\uff1f\u4e0d\u80fd\u3002
\nZh\u00e8l\u01d0 n\u00e9ng x\u012by\u0101n ma? B\u00f9 n\u00e9ng.
\nCan you smoke here? No, you can’t<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5 (k\u011by\u01d0) \u201cto be able to\u201d<\/h3>\n

It expresses a physical ability or one based on knowledge; also expresses the permission to do something or the possibility\/capability to do something.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u516b\u5341\u5c81\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a91\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u4e86\u3002
\nT\u0101 y\u01d0jing b\u0101sh\u00ed su\u00ec le, b\u00f9 k\u011by\u01d0 q\u00ed z\u00ecx\u00edngch\u0113 le.
\nBy now he’s eighty years old, he can’t ride a bike.<\/p>\n

\u5988\u5988\u8bf4\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ddf\u670b\u53cb\u53bb\u770b\u7535\u5f71\u3002
\nM\u0101ma shu\u014d w\u01d2 k\u011by\u01d0 g\u0113n p\u00e9ngyou q\u00f9 k\u00e0n di\u00e0ny\u01d0ng.
\nMamma said that I could see the movie with friends.<\/p>\n

\u5168\u8bd7\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u6559\u4f60\u4e2d\u6587\u3002
\nQu\u00e1n Sh\u012br\u00e1n k\u011by\u01d0 ji\u0101o n\u01d0 zh\u014dngw\u00e9n.
\nQuan Shiran can teach you Chinese.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u5395\u6240\u5417\uff1f
\nW\u01d2 k\u011by\u01d0 q\u00f9 c\u00e8su\u01d2 ma?
\nCan I go to the bathroom?<\/p>\n

\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u95ee\u4f60\u95ee\u9898\u5417\uff1f
\nW\u01d2 k\u011by\u01d0 w\u00e8n n\u01d0 w\u00e8nt\u00ed ma?
\nCan I ask you a few questions?<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u80fd (k\u011bn\u00e9ng) \u201cperhaps\u201d <\/h3>\n

Quite often it is considered as an adverb. Seen from this perspective, \u53ef\u80fd can be put in front of an auxiliary modal.<\/p>\n

\u660e\u5929\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0b\u96e8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f88\u51b7\u3002
\nM\u00edngti\u0101n b\u00f9 hu\u00ec xi\u00e0y\u01d4, d\u00e0nsh\u00ec k\u011bn\u00e9ng hu\u00ec h\u011bn l\u011bng.
\nTomorrow it won’t rain, but perhaps it could be cold.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6765\u3002
\nT\u0101 k\u011bn\u00e9ng b\u00f9 hu\u00ec l\u00e1i.
\nPerhaps he won’t come.<\/p>\n

Need and to have to<\/h2>\n

\u8981 (y\u00e0o) \u201cto have to\u201d<\/h3>\n

It expresses a need; also expresses an inevitable condition.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5988\u5988\u8981\u53bb\u8d85\u5e02\u4e70\u4e1c\u897f\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u0101ma y\u00e0o q\u00f9 ch\u0101osh\u00ec m\u01cei d\u014dngxi.
\nMy mom has to go to the supermarket to buy some things.<\/p>\n

\u505a\u4eba\u8981\u8bda\u5b9e\uff0c\u505a\u4e8b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u8981\u8ba4\u771f\u3002
\nZu\u00f2r\u00e9n y\u00e0o ch\u00e9ngsh\u00ed, zu\u00f2sh\u00ec y\u00e0o f\u00f9z\u00e9, xu\u00e9x\u00ed y\u00e0o r\u00e8nzh\u0113n.
\nWhen you deal with other people, you have to be honest; when you handle assignments you have to be responsible; when you study, you have to be diligent.<\/p>\n

\u8fc7\u9a6c\u8def\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8981\u8bb0\u5f97\u5148\u770b\u4e24\u8fb9\u6709\u8f66\u3002
\nGu\u00f2 m\u01cel\u00f9 de sh\u00ed hou, y\u00e0o j\u00ecde xi\u0101n k\u00e0n li\u01ceng bi\u0101n y\u01d2u ch\u0113.
\nWhen you cross the street, you must first remember to look both ways for cars.<\/p>\n

\u5e94\u8be5 (y\u012bngg\u0101i) and \u5e94\u5f53 (y\u012bngd\u0101ng) \u201cto have to\u201d <\/h3>\n

They express a necessity or indicate a conjecture.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u670b\u53cb\u7259\u75bc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5403\u7cd6\u3002
\nW\u01d2 p\u00e9ngyou y\u00e1 t\u00e9ng, t\u0101 b\u00f9 y\u012bngg\u0101i ch\u012b t\u00e1ng.
\nMy friend has a toothache, he shouldn’t eat sweets.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u5b66\u4e60\u3002
\nN\u01d0 y\u012bngg\u0101i xu\u00e9x\u00ed.
\nYou should study.<\/p>\n

\u5979\u5e94\u8be5\u4f11\u606f\u3002
\nT\u0101 y\u012bngg\u0101i xi\u016bxi.
\nShe should rest.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6211\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u3002
\nZh\u00e8 b\u011bn sh\u016b y\u012bngg\u0101i sh\u00ec w\u01d2 l\u01ceosh\u012b de.
\nThis book should be my professor.<\/p>\n

\u5f97 (d\u011bi) \u201cto have to\u201d <\/h3>\n

It expresses a need.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5f97\u4f11\u606f\u4e00\u4f1a\u3002
\nW\u01d2 d\u011bi xi\u016bxi y\u012b hu\u00ec.
\nI have to rest for a bit.\t\t<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5f97\u51c6\u5907\u8003\u8bd5\u3002
\nJ\u012bnti\u0101n w\u01d2 d\u011bi zh\u01d4nb\u00e8i k\u01ceosh\u00ec.
\nToday I have to prepare for a test.<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981 (x\u016by\u00e0o) \u201cto have to\u201d<\/h3>\n

It expresses the need to, also expresses a personal need.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5403\u836f\u5417\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 x\u016by\u00e0o ch\u012b y\u00e0o ma?
\nDo you have to take medicine?<\/p>\n

\u5fc5\u987b (b\u00ecx\u016b) \u201cto have to\u201d<\/h3>\n

It expresses a need at any cost and the objective necessity to be.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u53bb\u627e\u6821\u957f\u3002
\nN\u01d0 b\u00ecx\u016b q\u00f9 zh\u01ceo xi\u00e0ozh\u01ceng.
\nYou absolutely must go to the Principal.<\/p>\n

To want to and have intentions to<\/h2>\n

\u8981 (y\u00e0o) \u201cto want to\u201d<\/h3>\n

It expresses an intention; it is also used as an indicator of the future.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8981\u5b66\u6253\u7bee\u7403\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u5b66\u8e22\u8db3\u7403\uff0c\u5979\u8981\u5b66\u6392\u7403\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u00e0o xu\u00e9 d\u01cel\u00e1nqi\u00fa, t\u0101 y\u00e0o xu\u00e9 t\u012bz\u00faqi\u00fa, t\u0101 y\u00e0o xu\u00e9 p\u00e1iqi\u00fa.
\nI want to learn how to play basketball, he wants to learn how to play soccer, she wants to learn to play volleyball.<\/p>\n

\u660e\u5929\u8981\u4e0b\u96e8\u3002
\nM\u00edngti\u0101n y\u00e0o xi\u00e0 y\u01d4.
\nTomorrow it will rain.\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u660e\u5929\u8981\u53bb\u4e66\u5e97\u3002
\nT\u0101 m\u00edngti\u0101n y\u00e0o q\u00f9 sh\u016bdi\u00e0n.
\nTomorrow I’ll go to the library.<\/p>\n

\u660e\u5e74\u4e8c\u6708\u6211\u8981\u53bb\u91cd\u5e86\u3002
\nM\u00edngni\u00e1n \u00e8r yu\u00e8 w\u01d2 y\u00e0o q\u00f9 Ch\u00f3ngq\u00ecng.
\nNext February I’ll go to Chongqing.<\/p>\n

\u8001\u5e08\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u3002
\nL\u01ceosh\u012b y\u00e0o w\u01d2men xu\u00e9x\u00ed.
\nThe professor wants us to study.<\/p>\n

\u60f3 (xi\u01ceng) \u201cto want to\u201d<\/h3>\n

It expresses a desire, or having an intention to.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\u996d\u5e97\u5403\u4e2d\u56fd\u83dc\u3002
\nW\u01d2 xi\u01ceng q\u00f9 Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 f\u00e0ndi\u00e0n ch\u012b zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 c\u00e0i.
\nI intend to go to the Chinese restaurant and eat Chinese food.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e5f\u60f3\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u4e60\u3002
\nW\u01d2 y\u011b xi\u01ceng q\u00f9 Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 xu\u00e9x\u00ed.
\nI also want to go to China to study.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u5728\u670b\u53cb\u90a3\u91cc\u770b\u65e5\u672c\u6f2b\u753b\u3002
\nW\u01d2 xi\u01ceng z\u00e0i p\u00e9ngyou n\u00e0li k\u00e0n R\u00ecb\u011bn m\u00e0nhu\u00e0.
\nI want to read Japanese manga at my friends house.<\/p>\n

\u613f\u610f (yu\u00e0nyi) \u201cto want to\u201d<\/h3>\n

It expresses a desire, or having a desire to.<\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u5173\u4e0a\u7535\u89c6\u3002
\nXi\u01ceo h\u00e1izi b\u00f9 yu\u00e0nyi gu\u0101nshang di\u00e0nsh\u00ec.
\nThe kids don’t want to shut off the television.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u613f\u610f\u8ddf\u6211\u5408\u4f5c\u3002
\nT\u0101 yu\u00e0nyi g\u0113n w\u01d2 h\u00e9zu\u00f2.
\nHe wants to collaborate with me.<\/p>\n

Photo Credits: \"Creative<\/a> Chinese Modal Verbs: A Venn Diagram<\/a> by John Pasden<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Chinese language has a vast gamut of auxiliary modals and it isn’t at all rare to find characters that can be translated in the same way but possess shades of meaning and context and slightly different ways of use. To fully master the Chinese language it is good to examine it in detail, even […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":13799,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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