{"id":13649,"date":"2017-03-02T10:00:20","date_gmt":"2017-03-02T09:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/?p=13649"},"modified":"2022-03-07T10:07:16","modified_gmt":"2022-03-07T09:07:16","slug":"rhetorical-questions-in-chinese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/rhetorical-questions-in-chinese\/","title":{"rendered":"Rhetorical questions in Chinese"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Rhetorical<\/p>\n

Rhetorical questions \u2013 are a linguistic figure that consists in posing a question that doesn’t represent an actual request for information, but implies a sort of predetermined response. A linguistic figure that isn’t lacking in any language and whose importance is unequivocal. <\/p>\n

In fact, as Umberto Eco ironically asked: \u201cis there really a need for rhetorical questions?\u201d<\/p>\n

It’s clearly a rhetorical questions since we absolutely need these to render our speech more colorful; in this way you can underscore what you say. No response is expected when asking a rhetorical question. Punctuation used at the end of a rhetorical question could be a question mark or also an exclamation point!<\/p>\n

Obviously, Chinese too<\/a> \u2013 a language of great richness \u2013 makes regular use of rhetorical questions which I’ll introduce in this article.<\/p>\n

Basic rhetorical questions<\/h2>\n

Almost all question can be asked rhetorically. This depends on the context in which they are asked.<\/p>\n

\u674e\u62a4\u58eb: \u5929\u54ea\uff01\u90fd\u51e0\u70b9\u4e86\uff1f\u5f20\u533b\u751f\u600e\u4e48\u8fd8\u4e0d\u6765\uff1f\u4ed6\u5728\u5e72\u5417\uff1f
\nLi hushi: Tianna! Dou ji dian le? Zhang yisheng zenme hai bu lai? Ta zai ganma?
\nNurse Li: Oh Heaven! What time is it? How come DOctor Zhang hasn’t arrived yet? What is he doing?<\/p>\n

In this case, \u201cwhat time is it?\u201d is a rhetorical question that indicates that someone is late.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe\u8499\u591a\u75c5\u4eba: \u8c01\u77e5\u9053\uff01\u4f60\u5728\u95ee\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u95ee\u8c01\uff1f\u8fde\u4f60\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\uff1f
\nTu Mengduo bingren: shei zhidao! Ni zai wen wo, wo wen shei? Lian ni bu zhidao, wo zenme neng zhidao?
\nPatient Tu Mengduo: Who knows! You’re asking me, and who would I ask? If you don’t even know, how could I? <\/p>\n

In this case, both questions are rhetorical.<\/p>\n

Forming positive or negative statements using rhetorical questions<\/h2>\n

From a rhetorical point of view, a negative question can be used to make a positive statement; a positive question, instead, can be used to form a negative statement. Let’s first create a context so that these type of questions work:<\/p>\n

Context 1<\/strong>: One such, Mr. Mai, wants to buy a beautiful car but Mrs. Wang responds that she can’t allow it.<\/p>\n

\u738b\u5973\u58eb: \u8c01\u4e0d\u60f3\u4e70\u8fd9\u8f86\u8f66\u5462?\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u54b1\u4eec\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u94b1\u5417\uff1f
\nWang nushi: shei bu xiang mai zhe liang che ne? Bu guo, zanmen you zhe ge qian ma?
\nMrs. Wang: Who wouldn’t want to buy this car? But, do we have the money?<\/p>\n

Context 2<\/strong>: Two friends are arguing over money found on the ground. One says that the money is his, the other uses a rhetorical question to say that the other can’t prove it.<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb:\u4f60\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u94b1\u662f\u4f60\u7684\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u5199\u7740\u4f60\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5417\uff1f
\nDi er ge pengyou: ni shuo zhe xie qian shi ni de, shangmian xie zhe ni de mingzi ma?
\nThe second friend: you say the money is yours, but is your name written on it?<\/p>\n

Using \u201caffirmative questions followed by negative\u201d rhetorically<\/h2>\n

An \u201caffirmative question followed by a negative\u201d (for example, \u4f60\u5403\u4e0d\u5403 – ni chi bu chi – \u201cwill you eat it or not?\u201d) made rhetorically indicates that the speaker wants the listener to share the same feelings and\/or opinions. In this case, it’s not unusual to use \u4f60\u8bf4 (ni shuo) \u201cyou tell me\u201d e \u4f60\u60f3\u4e00\u60f3 (ni xiang yi xiang) \u201cthink about it\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u6bdb\u8001\u5e08: \u4f60\u4eca\u5929\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u8fd9\u4e48\u751f\u6c14\uff1f
\nMao laoshi: ni jintian wei shenme kan qi lai zheme shengqi?
\nProfessor Mao: Why do you seem so angry today?<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u8499\u591a: \u4e2d\u6587\u8003\u8bd5\u53c8\u4e0d\u53ca\u683c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u6c14\u4e0d\u6c14\uff1f
\nTu Mengduo: zhongwen kaoshi you bu jige, zhe shi di san ci le, ni shuo, wo qi bu qi?
\nTu Mengduo: I failed the Chinese test<\/a> again, this is the third time. You tell me, shouldn’t I be angry?<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u624d\u4e5d\u5c81\u5c31\u4f1a\u8bf4\u4e00\u70b9\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u4f60\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u806a\u660e\u4e0d\u806a\u660e\uff1f
\nWo de yi ge xuesheng cai jiu sui jiu hui shuo yidian zhongwen, ni shuo, zhe ge xiao haizi congming bu congming?
\nMy student is just 9 years old and already knows how to speak a little Chinese; tell me, isn’t this girl smart? <\/p>\n

You might not believe it, but this example was taken from real life.<\/p>\n

Using \u4e0d\u662f\u2026\u5417\uff1f(bu shi\u2026 ma?)<\/h2>\n

This expression is used when what is happening is not in line with what the speaker knows. The speaker, therefore, uses this expression to reaffirm what they know. It is usually followed or preceded by a real question that uses \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 (wei shenme) \u201cwhy\u201d and\/or \u600e\u4e48 (zenme) \u201chow\u201d.<\/p>\n

Context<\/strong>: My little sister told me that she had to get up at 5 in the morning to catch the 6:30 bus for Catania, but at 6 she was still snoring away in bed. So I say to my mother:<\/p>\n

\u5988\uff0c\u59b9\u59b9\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u8981\u4e94\u70b9\u8d77\u5e8a\u5417\uff1f\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u516d\u70b9\u4e86\uff0c\u5979\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5750\u516d\u70b9\u534a\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\u5417\uff1f
\nMa, meimei bu shi shuo yao wu dian qichuang ma? Xianzai yijing liu dian le, ta bu shi yao zuo liu dian ban de gonggongqiche ma?
\nMamma, didn’t my sister say that she had to get up at 5? It’s already 6, doesn’t she have to take the bus at 6:30? <\/p>\n

Note: When the main verb is \u662f (shi) \u201cto be”, this is used only once:<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f60\u8fd9\u6837\uff1f\u4f60\u4eec\u4fe9\u4e0d\u662f\u597d\u670b\u53cb\u5417\uff1f
\nWei shenme ni zhe yang? Nimen lia bus hi hao pengyou ma?
\nWhy are you like this? Weren’t you two good friends?<\/p>\n

At times you’ll also find \u90fd (dou) \u201call\u201d and \u4e5f (ye) \u201calso\u201d within one of the rhetorical questions that involve the use of \u662f. In this case, \u90fd and \u4e5f are positioned as found in the following examples:<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u9080\u8bf7\u4ed6\uff1f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4e5f\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5417\uff1f
\nNi zenme mei you yaoqing ta? Ta bu ye shi ni de pengyou ma?
\nHow come you didn’t invite him? Isn’t he also your friend?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u9080\u8bf7\u4ed6\u4eec\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u90fd\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5417\uff1f
\nNi zenme mei you yaoqing tamen? Tamen bu dou shi ni de pengyou ma?
\nHow come you didn’t invite him? Aren’t they (all) your friends?<\/p>\n

And if there’s also \u5c31 (jiu) \u201creally\/actually\u201d? where do you put it?<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u624b\u91cc\u7684\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u5417 \uff1f
\nNi shou li de bu jiu shi qiche de yaoshi ma?
\nAren’t you those actually your car keys in your hand?<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4e0d\u662f\u5417 (Ke bu shi ma)<\/h2>\n

\u53ef\u4e0d\u662f\u5417 is an expression used for expressing agreement with what a third person says:<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u51e0\u5929\u5929\u6c14\u771f\u4e0d\u9519\u554a\uff01
\nZhe ji tian tianqi zhen bucuo a!
\nThese days the weather isn’t bad at all!<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4e0d\u662f\u5417\uff01
\nKe bu shi ma!
\nIt really is!<\/p>\n

The use of \u4f55\u5fc5 (hebi) and \u4f55\u82e6 (heku)<\/h2>\n

\u4f55\u5fc5 can be trnslated as \u201cwhy one must (do)\u201d or \u201cthere’s no need to\u201d. At the end of a rhetorical question with \u4f55\u5fc5 you could find the particle \u5462 (ne).<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f55\u5fc5\u82b1\u94b1\u8bf7\u4eba\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff1f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5427\uff01
\nZhe ge xiao wenti, hebi hua qian qing ren lai chuli? Wo ziji lai chuli ba!
\nDo we need to spend money to have someone come take care of this little problem? I’ll take care of it!<\/p>\n

\u4f55\u82e6 can be translated as \u201cwhy worry?\u201d or \u201cit’s not worth it\u201d. <\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u61c2\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f55\u82e6\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ed6\u751f\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u6c14\uff1f
\nTa zhishi yi ge xiao haizi, hai bu dong shi, heku wei le ta sheng zheme da de qi?
\nHe’s just a little boy and doesn’t know an better, is it worth getting so upset because of him?<\/p>\n

The use of \u54ea\u91cc (nali) \u201cwhere\u201d<\/h2>\n

The use of \u54ea\u91cc to ask rhetorical questions is very interesting because it is very close to a similar use in the Italian language.<\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u6211\u5fd9\u5f97\u8981\u6b7b\uff0c\u54ea\u91cc\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u770b\u7535\u89c6\u5267\uff1f\u6211\u8fd8\u8981\u5199\u8bba\u6587\uff01
\nZuijin wo mang de yaosi, nali you shijian kan dianshiju? Wo hai yao xie lunwen!
\nLately I’m ridiculously busy, where would I get the time to watch TV series? I also have to write my thesis! <\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\u5929\u6c14\u8fd9\u4e48\u597d\uff0c\u54ea\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u5e26\u4e0a\u96e8\u4f1e\uff1f
\nJintian tianqi zheme hao, nali xuyao daishang yusan?
\nToday the weather is so good, why should I bring an umbrella? (literally it would be \u201cwhere’s the need to bring the umbrella?\u201d)<\/p>\n

Even when you want to respond modestly to a compliment we can respond with \u54ea\u91cc, such as:<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u8bf4\u5f97\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u6d41\u5229\uff01
\nNi de zhongwen shuo de he zhongguo ren yi yang liuli!
\nYou speak Chinese like a Chinese person!<\/p>\n

\u54ea\u91cc\u54ea\u91cc\uff01
\nNali nali!
\nIt’s not true! (literally it would be \u201cbut where?\u201d used to indicate modesty)<\/p>\n

The use of \u96be\u9053 (nandao)\u2026 [\u5417 (ma)]<\/h2>\n

\u96be\u9053 can be translated as \u201cis it possible that?\u201d:<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u771f\u5b58\u5728\u554a\uff01
\nNi zhen cunzai a!
\nDoes it really exisit!<\/p>\n

\u96be\u9053\u662f\u5047\u7684\u5417\uff1f
\nNandao shi jia de ma?
\nIs it even possible that it might not be authentic?<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e48\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u4f60\u8fd8\u4e0d\u61c2\u5417\uff1f
\nZheme mingxian de shiqing, nandao ni hai bu dong ma?
\nIs it even possible that you still don’t understand something so obvious?<\/p>\n

\u600e\u4e48 (zenme) \u201chow\u201d in rhetorical questions<\/h2>\n

Even \u600e\u4e48 can be used in rhetorical questions:<\/p>\n

\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u4f1a\u9a97\u4f60\uff1f
\nWo zenme hui pian ni?
\nHow could I trick you?<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48 (shenme) \u201cwhat\u201d in rhetorical questions<\/h2>\n

There are different contexts in which to use \u4ec0\u4e48 for rhetorical questions:<\/p>\n

Adjective + \u4ec0\u4e48 (Indicates a disagreement)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u771f\u597d\uff01
\nNi de gongzuo zhen hao!
\nYour work is truly good!<\/p>\n

\u597d\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5de5\u8d44\u592a\u4f4e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u505a\u3002
\nHao shenme? Yinwei gongzi tai di, suoyi bu zhide zuo.
\nWhat good is it? Since the salary is too low, it’s not worth the trouble of doing it.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u7d27\u5f20\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u8d76\u4e0d\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u5750\u4e0b\u73ed\u3002
\nNi jinzhang shenme? Gan bu shang, jiu zuo xia ban.
\nWhat are you worried about? If we don’t get on, we’ll take the next one!<\/p>\n

Verb + \u4ec0\u4e48 (indicates that there’s no need to do anything)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8d70\u8def\u5341\u5206\u949f\u5c31\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u5750\u4ec0\u4e48\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\uff01
\nZoulu shi fenzhong jiu dao le, zuo shenme gonggongqiche!
\nIt takes ten minutes on foot, why do we need to take the bus!<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u54ed\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u4f60\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8bd5\uff01
\nNi ku shenme? Hui you yi tian ni hui tongguo kaoshi!
\nWhy cry? One day you’ll manage to pass the test!<\/p>\n

The use of \u5173\u4f60\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b (guan ni shenme shi) \u201cwhat does it have to do with you?\u201d<\/h2>\n

This expression explains itself:<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8ddf\u8c01\u804a\u5929\uff0c\u5173\u4f60\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\uff1f
\nWo gen shei liaotian, guan ni shenme shi?
\nWhat I’m talking about is none of your business.<\/p>\n

Photo Credits: Photo by qimono<\/a> on Pixabay<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rhetorical questions \u2013 are a linguistic figure that consists in posing a question that doesn’t represent an actual request for information, but implies a sort of predetermined response. A linguistic figure that isn’t lacking in any language and whose importance is unequivocal. In fact, as Umberto Eco ironically asked: \u201cis there really a need for […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":13701,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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