{"id":13343,"date":"2017-01-25T10:00:49","date_gmt":"2017-01-25T09:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/?p=13343"},"modified":"2022-02-03T12:02:09","modified_gmt":"2022-02-03T11:02:09","slug":"constructions-in-series-chinese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/constructions-in-series-chinese\/","title":{"rendered":"Serial constructions in Chinese"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Serial<\/p>\n

The Chinese language often allows the juxtaposition of two adjectives and or verbs<\/a> without the help of any element of which a language like Italian or English would use. This juxtaposition is commonly known as \u201cserial constructions<\/strong>\u201d. <\/p>\n

Let’s clear up the concept right away: a serial constructions consists of two (or more) verbal predicates that share the same subject and follow one another without the use of conjunctions (or commas). <\/p>\n

In Chinese there are different types of serial constructions that are divided according to the meaning that they wish to express. <\/p>\n

Let’s study these serial constructions in detail:<\/p>\n

Serial constructions that express a time sequence<\/h2>\n

The action expressed by the first verb takes place before that expressed by the second verb. Usually, after the first verb you’ll find the perfect particle \u4e86 (le) which we’ve already discussed in detail in a preceding article<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Here are some examples: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u513f\u5b50\u4e0b\u4e86\u8bfe\u56de\u5bb6\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nW\u01d2 \u00e9rzi xi\u00e0 le k\u00e8 hu\u00edji\u0101 l\u00e1i le.
\nMy son, once finished with the lesson, returned home.<\/p>\n

\u533b\u751f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5403\u4e86\u836f\u5fc5\u987b\u53bb\u7761\u89c9\u3002
\nY\u012bsh\u0113ng shu\u014d, ch\u012b le y\u00e0o b\u00ecx\u016b q\u00f9 shu\u00ecji\u00e0o.
\nThe doctor said that, taking the pills, I have to go to bed.<\/p>\n

Serial constructions that express a purpose<\/h2>\n

The action described by the second verb is the purpose of the action expressed by the first verb. Quite often, the second verb is introduced by the character \u6765(l\u00e1i) which, in this case, can be thought of as “at the end of\u201d.<\/p>\n

Here are some examples: <\/p>\n

\u6211\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u5e86\u5b66\u4e60\u6c49\u8bed\u3002
\nW\u01d2 l\u00e1id\u00e0ole Ch\u00f3ngq\u00ecng xu\u00e9x\u00ed H\u00e0ny\u01d4.
\nI came to Chongqing to study Chinese.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u5e86\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u6c49\u8bed\u3002
\nW\u01d2 l\u00e1id\u00e0ole Ch\u00f3ngq\u00ecng l\u00e1i xu\u00e9x\u00ed H\u00e0ny\u01d4.
\nI came to Chongqing to study Chinese.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u53bb\u8d85\u5e02\u4e70\u4e1c\u897f\u3002
\nW\u01d2 q\u00f9 ch\u0101osh\u00ec m\u01cei d\u014dngxi.
\nI go to the supermarket to buy something.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u53bb\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6765\u501f\u4e66\u3002
\nW\u01d2 xi\u01ceng q\u00f9 t\u00fash\u016bgu\u01cen l\u00e1i ji\u00e8 sh\u016b.
\nI intend to go to the library and take out some books.<\/p>\n

Important: Expressions like \u4ee5\u4fbf (y\u01d0bi\u00e0n), which means \u201cin order to\u201d, \u4ee5\u514d(y\u01d0mi\u01cen), which means \u201cto avoid that\u201d, are very useful within the serial constructions indicating a purpose.<\/p>\n

Here are some examples: <\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u6587\u4ee5\u4fbf\u627e\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\nT\u0101 xu\u00e9x\u00ed Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n y\u01d0bi\u00e0n zh\u01ceod\u00e0o g\u014dngzu\u00f2.
\nHe studies Chinese in order to find work.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u52aa\u529b\u5b66\u4e60\u4ee5\u514d\u8ba9\u5988\u5988\u96be\u8fc7\u3002
\nW\u01d2 n\u01d4l\u00ec xu\u00e9x\u00ed y\u01d0mi\u01cen r\u00e0ng m\u0101ma n\u00e1ngu\u00f2.
\nI study hard to avoid making my mother sad.<\/p>\n

Serial constructions that entail \u7528, \u5750, \u7740 and others<\/h2>\n

Here are the structures for serial constructions that entail \u7528 (y\u00f2ng), which means \u201cto use\u201d, \u5750 (zu\u00f2), which means \u201cto take public transport\u201d, \u7740 (zhe), or particle of duration, and so forth:<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5e73\u65f6\u5750\u7535\u68af\u4e0a\u4e03\u697c\u3002
\nW\u01d2 p\u00edngsh\u00ed zu\u00f2 di\u00e0nt\u012b sh\u00e0ng q\u012b l\u00f3u.
\nUsually I go up to the seventh floor in the elevator.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002
\nW\u01d2men zu\u00ech\u01ceo y\u00f2ng Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n shu\u014dhu\u00e0.
\nIt’s better that we speak in Chinese.<\/p>\n

\u5979\u7684\u7537\u670b\u53cb\u63e1\u7740\u5979\u7684\u624b\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u7231\u4f60\u3002
\nT\u0101 de n\u00e1np\u00e9ngyou w\u00f2zhe t\u0101 de sh\u01d2u shu\u014d: w\u01d2 \u00e0i n\u01d0.
\nHis fiancee, shaking his hand, told him: I love you.<\/p>\n

Other cases<\/h2>\n

Here’s an example of serial constructions where the main verb is followed by a second verb that doesn’t add new information but repeats the same idea from a different perspective using a negative antonym expression:<\/p>\n

\u8b66\u5bdf\u6293\u4f4f\u5c0f\u5077\u4e0d\u653e\u3002
\nJ\u01d0ngch\u00e1 zhu\u0101zh\u00f9 xi\u01ceot\u014du b\u00f9 f\u00e0ng.
\nThe policemen hold the thief firmly and don’t let him go. <\/p>\n

Here are some serial constructions with the verb \u6709 followed by its object and another verb that expresses an intentional action that refers to that object (quite often, before the second verb you’ll find an auxiliary modal):<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eca\u5929\u6ca1\u6709\u94b1\u53ef\u4ee5\u82b1\u3002
\nW\u01d2 j\u012bnti\u0101n m\u00e9iy\u01d2u qi\u00e1n k\u011by\u01d0 hu\u0101.
\nToday I don’t have money to spend.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u8981\u5199\u5b8c\u3002
\nW\u01d2 h\u00e1i y\u01d2u y\u012b pi\u0101n l\u00f9nw\u00e9n y\u00e0o xi\u011bw\u00e1n.
\nI still have a thesis to finish and write.<\/p>\n

\u54ea\u91cc\u6709\u9992\u5934\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e70\uff1f
\nN\u01celi y\u01d2u m\u00e1ntou k\u011by\u01d0 m\u01cei?
\nWhere can we buy mantou?<\/p>\n

\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u544a\u8bc9\u5979\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u00e9iy\u01d2u sh\u00e9nme f\u00f9 z\u00e9r\u00e8n g\u00e0osu t\u0101.
\nI don’t have any responsibility in referring it to him.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u6bcf\u5929\u5230\u5979\u90a3\u91cc\u80e1\u8bf4\u516b\u9053\u3002
\nN\u01d0 m\u00e9iy\u01d2u l\u01d0y\u00f3u m\u011biti\u0101n d\u00e0o t\u0101 n\u00e0li h\u00fashu\u014db\u0101d\u00e0o.
\nYou don’t have any reason to go to her every day and say shocking things.<\/p>\n

Help!<\/h2>\n

As you will have noticed, the five different serial constructions that I’ve listed in this article doesn’t have a specific name because I couldn’t manage to think up an appropriate technical term. <\/p>\n

I turn it over to you, dear readers, in the hope that you might help me find the technical names by writing in the comments below. Thank you from my heart!<\/p>\n

Photo Credits: \"Creative<\/a> Chinese Characters<\/a> by j.casey.oneill<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Chinese language often allows the juxtaposition of two adjectives and or verbs without the help of any element of which a language like Italian or English would use. This juxtaposition is commonly known as \u201cserial constructions\u201d.<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s clear up the concept right away: a serial constructions consists of two (or more) verbal predicates that share the same subject and follow one another without the use of conjunctions (or commas).<\/p>\n

In Chinese there are different types of serial constructions that are divided according to the meaning that they wish to express.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":13466,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[390,66],"class_list":["post-13343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learning-chinese","tag-learn-chinese-sidebar","tag-learn-chinese"],"yoast_head":"\nSerial constructions in Chinese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"All you need to know about how to use the serial constructions in Chinese gramar\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/constructions-in-series-chinese\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Serial 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Cina"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/flavorofchina","https:\/\/x.com\/saporedicina","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/saporedicina\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCl2ssfXqNmOeaY6l470UDlQ"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/#\/schema\/person\/521cc28a2884f981cf819e67b1f15cb1","name":"Armando Turturici","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/6463d0e76ebee97d01d949339000f1d5.jpg?ver=1777115673","url":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/6463d0e76ebee97d01d949339000f1d5.jpg?ver=1777115673","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/6463d0e76ebee97d01d949339000f1d5.jpg?ver=1777115673","caption":"Armando Turturici"},"description":"Born in Italy in 1992, he graduated in Chinese and English Language from the University of Enna Kore, in 2014. Currently, he's a Professor of Chinese Mandarin in Caltanissetta, while he also keeps studying Japanese and Classic Chinese at the University of Torino.","sameAs":["https:\/\/independent.academia.edu\/ArmandoTurturici","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/armando-alessandro-turturici-a4316ab7\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCnad7mZMifojVZp9LsRy4iQ"],"url":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/author\/armando\/"}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/constructions-chinese-.jpg",700,376,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/constructions-chinese--150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/constructions-chinese--300x161.jpg",300,161,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/constructions-chinese-.jpg",700,376,false],"large":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/constructions-chinese-.jpg",700,376,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/constructions-chinese-.jpg",700,376,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/constructions-chinese-.jpg",700,376,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Armando Turturici","author_link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/author\/armando\/"},"uagb_comment_info":2,"uagb_excerpt":"The Chinese language often allows the juxtaposition of two adjectives and or verbs without the help of any element of which a language like Italian or English would use. This juxtaposition is commonly known as \u201cserial constructions\u201d. Let\u2019s clear up the concept right away: a serial constructions consists of two (or more) verbal predicates that…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13343","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13343"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13343\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13343"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13343"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}