{"id":12980,"date":"2017-01-11T10:00:46","date_gmt":"2017-01-11T09:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/?p=12980"},"modified":"2022-02-03T12:03:12","modified_gmt":"2022-02-03T11:03:12","slug":"the-aspect-markers-verb-chinese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/the-aspect-markers-verb-chinese\/","title":{"rendered":"The aspect markers of the verb (use of particles \u8fc7, \u6b63, \u5728 and \u7740)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"The<\/p>\n

In the Chinese language<\/a>, the verb can be followed or preceded by several specific particles that specify its meaning. These specific particles, the majority of the time, are pronounced in the neutral tone<\/a>. <\/p>\n

In this article we’ll see the particles that indicate the aspect of the verb.<\/p>\n

The completed aspect of the verb by means of the particle \u8fc7<\/h2>\n

To indicate the completed aspect of the verb, or to represent the action as an experience had at least once in life or to indicate an action as a completed event, one would use the particle \u8fc7 (gu\u00f2), which is inserted to the right of the verb to which it refers:<\/p>\n

\u6211\u53bb\u8fc7<\/strong>\u5317\u4eac\u3002
\nW\u01d2 q\u00f9 guo B\u011bij\u012bng.
\nI’ve been to Beijing. <\/p>\n

\u6211\u6ca1\u53bb\u8fc7<\/strong>\u4e0a\u6d77\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u00e9i q\u00f9 guo Sh\u00e0ngh\u01cei.
\nI’ve never been to Shanghai.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5403\u8fc7<\/strong>\u4e2d\u56fd\u83dc\u3002
\nW\u01d2 ch\u012b guo Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 c\u00e0i.
\nI ate Chinese food. <\/p>\n

\u6211\u6ca1\u5403\u8fc7<\/strong>\u6cf0\u56fd\u83dc\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u00e9i ch\u012b guo T\u00e0igu\u00f3 c\u00e0i.
\nI’ve never eaten Thai food.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u770b\u8fc7<\/strong>\u300a\u54c8\u5229\u6ce2\u7279\u300b\u3002
\nW\u01d2 k\u00e0n guo H\u0101l\u00ec B\u014dt\u00e8.
\nI read Harry Potter.\t <\/strong> <\/p>\n

\u6211\u6ca1\u770b\u8fc7<\/strong>\u300a\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u300b\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u00e9i k\u00e0n guo Qu\u00e1nl\u00ec de y\u00f3ux\u00ec.
\nI’ve never seen \u201cThe throne of Swords\u201d.<\/p>\n

Note that the negating adverb \u6ca1 (m\u00e9i) can also be followed by the verb \u6709 (y\u01d2u), which means \u201cto have \/ to have been\u201d without this affecting the meaning of the phrase. Here’s an example: <\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u5e78\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u8fc7<\/strong>\u4e00\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002
\nB\u00f9x\u00ecng, t\u0101 m\u00e9iy\u01d2u xi\u011bguo y\u012b b\u011bn xi\u01ceoshu\u014d.
\nUnfortunately he has never written me a novel.<\/p>\n

Note that the particle \u8fc7 is used when speaking of actions in which the subject doesn’t regularly do or actions that happened in the distant past. Here are two examples: <\/p>\n

\u6211\u770b\u8fc7<\/strong>\u90a3\u4e2a\u7535\u5f71\u3002
\nW\u01d2 k\u00e0n guo n\u00e0 ge di\u00e0ny\u01d0ng.
\nI saw that film (in the past). <\/p>\n

\u6211\u8bf4\u8fc7<\/strong>\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u597d\u4eba\u3002
\nW\u01d2 shu\u014d guo t\u0101 b\u00f9 sh\u00ec h\u01ceo r\u00e9n.
\nI said that he wasn’t a good person.<\/p>\n

Rule<\/strong>: when there are two verbs in a simple phrase, \u8fc7 must follow the second verb. In this case, the second verb indicates the reason for the first verb. The first verb, for this reason can be \u6765 (l\u00e1i), which means \u201cto come\u201d, \u53bb (q\u00f9), which means “to go\u201d, or \u7528 (y\u00f2ng), which means “to use\u201d.<\/p>\n

Here’s an example: <\/p>\n

\u6211\u6ca1\u7528\u7b77\u5b50\u5403\u8fc7<\/strong>\u996d\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u00e9i y\u00f2ng ku\u00e0izi ch\u012b guo f\u00e0n.
\nI’ve never eaten using chopsticks.<\/p>\n

As you can see in the preceding phrase, when you want to indicate the completed aspect of a verb that supports an object – in this case \u5403\u996d (ch\u012bf\u00e0n), which means “to eat\u201d, the particle \u8fc7 is inserted between the verb and the object. For example:<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u6c7d\u8f66 (k\u0101i q\u00ecch\u0113), which means “to drive the car\u201d, becomes \u5f00\u8fc7\u6c7d\u8f66 (k\u0101iguo q\u00ecch\u0113), or \u201cI drove the car\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u6559\u6c49\u8bed (ji\u0101o H\u00e0ny\u01d4), which means \u201cto teach Chinese\u201d, becomes \u6559\u8fc7\u6c49\u8bed (ji\u0101oguo H\u00e0ny\u01d4), or \u201cI taught Chinese\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u5403\u65e5\u672c\u83dc (ch\u012b R\u00ecb\u011bn c\u00e0i), which means \u201cto eat Japanese food\u201d, becomes \u5403\u8fc7\u65e5\u672c\u83dc (ch\u012bguo R\u00ecb\u011bn c\u00e0i), or \u201cI ate Japanese food\u201d.<\/p>\n

It’s worth studying the structures tied to the particle \u8fc7 since it is frequently used in Chinese:<\/p>\n

\u201cNot yet\u2026\u201d -> \u8fd8\u6ca1(\u6709) (h\u00e1i m\u00e9i (y\u01d2u)) + Verb + \u8fc7 + (\u5462 (ne))<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u8fd8\u6ca1<\/strong>\u53bb\u8fc7<\/strong>\u5317\u4eac\u5462<\/strong>\u3002
\nW\u01d2 h\u00e1i m\u00e9i q\u00f9 guo B\u011bij\u012bng ne.
\nI still haven’t gone to Beijing. <\/p>\n

\u6211\u8fd8\u6ca1<\/strong>\u5403\u8fc7<\/strong>\u4e2d\u56fd\u83dc\u3002
\nW\u01d2 h\u00e1i m\u00e9i ch\u012b guo Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 c\u00e0i.
\nI still haven’t eaten Chinese food.<\/p>\n

For the written form, it is recommended to use the more formal \u5c1a\u672a (sh\u00e0ngw\u00e8i), which always means \u201cnot yet\u201d, derived from the classical:<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5c1a\u672a<\/strong>\u53bb\u8fc7<\/strong>\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002
\nT\u00fa l\u01ceosh\u012b de xu\u00e9sheng sh\u00e0ngw\u00e8i q\u00f9guo Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3.
\nProfessor Tu’s students have not yet gone to China.<\/p>\n

\u201cI have never\u2026\u201d -> \u4ece\u6765\u6ca1(\u6709) (c\u00f3ng l\u00e1i m\u00e9i (y\u01d2u)) + Verb + \u8fc7<\/strong> <\/p>\n

\u6211\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709<\/strong>\u5403\u8fc7<\/strong>\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u83dc\u3002
\nW\u01d2 c\u00f3ng l\u00e1i m\u00e9i y\u01d2u ch\u012b guo zh\u00e8l\u01d0 de c\u00e0i.
\nI have never eaten food from these parts. <\/p>\n

Curiosity: A phrase with the particle \u8fc7 can have the modal particle \u4e86 (le) at the end<\/a> to emphasize the sense of something that has already been done. It is very common to find a phrase that contains both particles listed above. Here’s an example:<\/p>\n

\u6211\u770b\u8fc7\u4e86<\/strong>\u300a\u963f\u51e1\u8fbe\u300b\u3002
\nW\u01d2 k\u00e0n guo le \u201c\u0101 f\u00e1n d\u00e1\u201d.
\nI have already seen \u201cAvatar\u201d.<\/p>\n

To make a more formal and elegant phrase with \u8fc7 , you can insert the word \u66fe\u7ecf (c\u00e9ngj\u012bng), \u201conce\/ always\u201d. The negative form is \u4e0d\u66fe (b\u00f9c\u00e9ng) \/ \u672a\u66fe (w\u00e8ic\u00e9ng) + Verb + \u8fc7. <\/p>\n

Here are two examples:<\/p>\n

J.K.\u7f57\u7433\u66fe\u7ecf<\/strong>\u51fa\u8fc7<\/strong>\u300a\u54c8\u5229\u6ce2\u7279\u300b\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002
\nJ.K. Lu\u00f3 L\u00edn c\u00e9ngj\u012bng ch\u016b gu\u00f2 H\u0101l\u00ec B\u014dt\u00e8 x\u00ecli\u00e8 de zu\u00f2p\u01d0n.
\nJ.K. Rowling published the works of the Harry Potter series.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u672a\u66fe<\/strong>\u5199\u8fc7<\/strong>\u4e00\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002
\nW\u01d2 w\u00e8i c\u00e9ng xi\u011b gu\u00f2 y\u012b b\u011bn xi\u01ceoshu\u014d.
\nI have never written a novel.<\/p>\n

Actions in the course of development using the particles \u6b63 and \u5728<\/h2>\n

To indicate an action in the course of development or at its conclusion at the time being referred to, you use the adverbs that are always positioned to the left of the verb. <\/p>\n

The adverbs to indicate an action in progress are: \u6b63 (zh\u00e8ng), which means \u201cin the middle of\u201d, \u5728 (z\u00e0i), which means \u201cabout to do\u201d, \u6b63\u5728 (zh\u00e8ng z\u00e0i), which means \u201cright in the middle of\u201d.<\/p>\n

The action in progress can take place in the past, present or future. Here are some examples:<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5728<\/strong>\u4f5c\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6211\u6b63<\/strong>\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4f60\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u6b63\u5728<\/strong>\u5403\u996d\u3002
\nN\u01d0 z\u00e0i zu\u00f2 sh\u00e9nme? W\u01d2 zh\u00e8ng xu\u00e9x\u00ed, n\u01d0 ne? W\u01d2 zh\u00e8ng z\u00e0i ch\u012b f\u00e0n.
\nWhat are you doing? I’m studying, and you? I am eating.<\/p>\n

To emphasize an unfinished situation you often use the modal particle \u5462 (ne) inserted at the end of the phrase. <\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u6628\u5929\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u5728<\/strong>\u51fa\u53d1\u5462<\/strong>\u3002
\nW\u01d2men zu\u00f2 ti\u0101n zh\u00e8 ge sh\u00edhou z\u00e0i ch\u016b f\u0101 ne.
\nYesterday at this time we were leaving.<\/p>\n

\u660e\u5929\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u6b63\u5728<\/strong>\u4e0a\u8bfe\u5462<\/strong>\u3002
\nM\u00edngti\u0101n zh\u00e8 ge sh\u00edhou w\u01d2 zh\u00e8ngz\u00e0i sh\u00e0ng k\u00e8 ne.
\nTomorrow at this time we’ll have the lesson.<\/p>\n

It is also plausible to use only the modal particle \u5462, at the end of the phrase without the use of one of the aforementioned adverbs.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u8bdd\u5462<\/strong>\u3002
\nT\u0101men shu\u014d hu\u00e0 ne.
\nThey are speaking.\t\t\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u5403\u996d\u5462<\/strong>\u3002
\nT\u0101men ch\u012b f\u00e0n ne.
\nThey are eating.<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u96e8\u5462<\/strong>\u3002
\nXi\u00e0y\u01d4 ne.
\nIt is raining.<\/p>\n

To respond “yes\/no” to a question pertaining to an action in progress, you can use \u5bf9 (du\u00ec), which means \u201ccorrect\u201d, \u4e0d\u5bf9 (b\u00f9 du\u00ec), which means \u201cincorrect\u201d, \u6ca1\u6709 (m\u00e9i y\u01d2u), which means \u201cno\u201d, and \u4e0d\u662f (b\u00f9 sh\u00ec), which always means \u201cno\u201d. <\/p>\n

Here’s an example:<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5728<\/strong>\u4e0a\u7f51\u5417\uff1f\u6ca1\u6709<\/strong>\uff0c\u6211\u5728<\/strong>\u505a\u529f\u8bfe\u3002
\nN\u01d0 z\u00e0i sh\u00e0ng w\u01ceng ma? M\u00e9i y\u01d2u, w\u01d2 z\u00e0i zu\u00f2 g\u014dngk\u00e8.
\nAre you on the internet? No, I am doing my homework.<\/p>\n

To form a phrase in the negative form, depending if it is an action happening in the present, future or past, you use one of the following structures:<\/p>\n

Present \/ future -> \u4e0d\u662f\u5728 (b\u00f9 sh\u00ec z\u00e0i) + Verb<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Past -> \u6ca1(\u6709)\u5728 (m\u00e9i (y\u01d2u) z\u00e0i) + Verb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u5728<\/strong>\u5403\u996d\u3002
\nW\u01d2 b\u00f9 sh\u00ec z\u00e0i ch\u012bf\u00e0n.
\nI am not eating.\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\u6211\u6628\u5929\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u6ca1\u5728<\/strong>\u7761\u89c9\u3002
\nW\u01d2 zu\u00f3ti\u0101n zh\u00e8 ge sh\u00edhou w\u01d2 m\u00e9i z\u00e0i shu\u00ecji\u00e0o.
\nYesterday at this time I was not sleeping.<\/p>\n

Attention: the progressive form can also be used with adjectives that indicate a psychological state or temporary feeling, such as \u7684\u65f6\u5019 (de sh\u00edhou), or one of the time-related expressions of the Chinese language<\/a> that can be translated as “while\/when\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728<\/strong>\u96be\u8fc7\u7684\u65f6\u5019<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u72d7\u56de\u5bb6\u4e86\u3002
\nT\u0101 zh\u00e8ng z\u00e0i n\u00e1n gu\u00f2 de sh\u00edhou, t\u0101 de g\u01d2u hu\u00ed ji\u0101 le
\nJust when he was sad, his dog came back home.<\/p>\n

The continuing of an action of state of action using the particle \u7740<\/h2>\n

To indicate the persistence of the action of a verb you need to add the particle \u7740 (zhe) right after the verb it is referring to. Here are some examples: <\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63<\/strong>\u542c\u7740<\/strong>\u97f3\u4e50\u3002
\nT\u0101men zh\u00e8ng t\u012bng zhe y\u012bnyu\u00e8.
\nThey are listening to music.\t\t<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728<\/strong>\u770b\u7740<\/strong>\u7535\u89c6\u3002
\nT\u0101men z\u00e0i k\u00e0n zhe di\u00e0nsh\u00ec.
\nThey are watching television.<\/p>\n

Note that when you express the continuation of a generic action (to watch, listen to, eat) it is preferable to omit the particle \u7740, and exclusively use the adverbs \u6b63 , \u5728, \u6b63o \u5728.<\/p>\n

The particle \u7740 is however obligatory in the presence of verbs that express actions that are temporary or momentary. After verbs such as \u5750 (zu\u00f2) \u201cto sit oneself\u201d, \u7a7f (chu\u0101n) \u201cto put on\u201d, \u7ad9 (zh\u00e0n) \u201cto stand up\u201d, \u5f00 (k\u0101i) \u201cto open\u201d, \u6234 (d\u00e0i) \u201cto put\u201d (glasses, hair), \u8d34 (ti\u0113) \u201cto glue\/attach\u201d, \u6446 (b\u01cei) \u201cto place\u201d, \u7b49 (d\u011bng) \u201cto wait\u201d, \u70b9 (di\u01cen) \u201cto turn on\u201d (the light), the particle \u7740 indicates the persistence of the state derived from the action of the verb. <\/p>\n

Here are a few examples: <\/p>\n

\u6211\u7a7f\u7740<\/strong>T\u6064\u3002
\nW\u01d2 chu\u0101n zhe T x\u00f9.
\nI put on the T-shirt.\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\u5b66\u751f\u5750\u7740<\/strong>\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\u7ad9\u7740<\/strong>\u3002
\nXu\u00e9 sheng zu\u00f2 zhe, l\u01ceosh\u012b zh\u00e0n zhe.
\nThe students are seated; the professor is standing.<\/p>\n

\u5927\u95e8\u5f00\u7740<\/strong>\u3002
\nD\u00e0 m\u00e9n k\u0101i zhe.
\nThe gate is open.\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u6446\u7740<\/strong>\u82b1\u3002
\nZhu\u014dzi shang b\u01cei zhe hu\u0101.
\nThe flowers are placed on the table.<\/p>\n

\u8001\u5e08\u6234\u7740<\/strong>\u773c\u955c\u3002
\nL\u01ceosh\u012b d\u00e0i zhe y\u01cenj\u012bng.
\nThe professor brings the eyeglasses. <\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u7b49\u7740<\/strong>\u6211\u3002
\nT\u0101men d\u011bng zhe w\u01d2.
\nThey are waiting for me.<\/p>\n

\u706f\u70b9\u7740<\/strong>\u3002
\nD\u0113ng di\u01cen zhe.
\nThe lamp is turned on.\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\u706f\u4eae\u7740<\/strong>\u3002
\nD\u0113ng li\u00e0ng zhe.
\nThe light is turned on.<\/p>\n

Important: when in a phrase the verb that requires the particle \u7740 is found in a subordinate phrase, it expresses a contemporary relationship with the verb of the principle phrase. In the majority of cases, this contemporary relationship is expressed using the gerund tense.<\/p>\n

Here are a few examples:<\/p>\n

\u8001\u5e08\u7ad9\u7740<\/strong>\u4e0a\u8bfe\u3002
\nL\u01ceosh\u012b zh\u00e0n zhe sh\u00e0ng k\u00e8.
\nThe professors gives the lesson standing up.\t<\/p>\n

\u5b66\u751f\u5750\u7740<\/strong>\u542c\u8bfe\u3002
\nXu\u00e9sheng zu\u00f2 zhe t\u012bng k\u00e8.
\nThe students listen to the lecture sitting down.<\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u54ed\u7740<\/strong>\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002
\nXi\u01ceo h\u00e1izi k\u016b zhe shu\u014dhu\u00e0.
\nThe child speaks while crying. <\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u5531\u7740<\/strong>\u6b22\u8fce\u8001\u5e08\u3002
\nT\u0101men ch\u00e0ng zhe hu\u0101ny\u00edng l\u01ceosh\u012b.
\nThey welcomed the professor by singing.<\/p>\n

It is worth mentioning the following construction which is often used in modern Chinese:
\nVerb 1 + \u7740 + Verb 1 + \u7740 + Verb 2<\/strong><\/p>\n

This construction indicates the interruption of an action or a state that persists, followed by the start of a new action or the change of a state of being. This is one of the constructions that we foreigners have a hard time mastering, so practice a lot!<\/p>\n

Here are a few examples: <\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u7740<\/strong>\u770b\u7740<\/strong>\u7b11\u4e86\u3002
\nZh\u00e8 b\u011bn sh\u016b h\u011bn y\u01d2u y\u00ecsi, w\u01d2 k\u00e0n zhe k\u00e0n zhe xi\u00e0o le.
\nThis book is interesting, while I read it I start laughing.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u8d70\u7740<\/strong>\u8d70\u7740<\/strong>\u8dd1\u4e86\u3002
\nT\u0101 z\u01d2u zhe z\u01d2u zhe p\u01ceo le.
\nWhile he walked he began running.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u770b\u7535\u89c6\uff0c\u770b\u7740<\/strong>\u770b\u7740<\/strong>\u7761\u89c9\u4e86\u3002
\nT\u0101 k\u00e0n di\u00e0nsh\u00ec, k\u00e0n zhe k\u00e0n zhe shu\u00ecji\u00e0o le.
\nWhile he watched television he fell asleep.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u559d\u9152\uff0c\u559d\u7740<\/strong>\u559d\u7740<\/strong>\u559d\u9189\u4e86\u3002
\nT\u0101 h\u0113 ji\u01d4, h\u0113 zhe h\u0113 zhe h\u0113zu\u00ec le.
\nWhile he drank he got drunk.<\/p>\n

Note that the particle \u4e86 is the most appropriate one to indicate change.<\/p>\n

Another commonly used construction which indicates that the speaker is busy doing something is the following: <\/p>\n

\u5fd9\u7740 (m\u00e1ngzhe) + Verb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5fd9 (m\u00e1ng) is a predicative adjective, which means \u201cto be busy, to be occupied\u201d<\/p>\n

Here are a few examples: <\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5fd9\u7740<\/strong>\u4f5c\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 m\u00e1ng zhe zu\u00f2 sh\u00e9nme?
\nWhat are you busy doing?\t\t<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5fd9\u5fd9\u7740<\/strong>\u4e66\u3002
\nW\u01d2 m\u00e1ng zhe k\u00e0nsh\u016b.
\nI am busy reading.<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u5fd9\u7740<\/strong>\u5b66\u4e60\u5417\uff1f
\nN\u01d0 m\u00e1ng zhe xu\u00e9x\u00ed ma?
\nAre you busy studying?\t\t<\/p>\n

\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u6211\u5fd9\u7740<\/strong>\u73a9\u513f\u3002
\nM\u00e9i y\u01d2u, w\u01d2 m\u00e1ng zhe w\u00e1n\u2019er.
\nNo, I am busy playing.<\/p>\n

Curiosity: being busy doing something in China is considered something noble, honorable, so much so that the greeting that has always been popular in China represented as \u5403\u4e86\u996d\u6ca1\u6709\uff1f(chi le fan mei you?), which means \u201cHave you eaten?\u201d is gradually disappearing, being replaced by the more common \u6700\u8fd1\u5fd9\u5417\uff1f (zuijin mang ma?), which means: \u201cAre you busy lately?\u201d<\/p>\n

Photo Credits: \"Creative<\/a> Chinese characters<\/a> by 8 Kome<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In the Chinese language, the verb can be followed or preceded by several specific particles that specify its meaning. These specific particles, the majority of the time, are pronounced in the neutral tone.<\/p>\n

In this article we\u2019ll see the particles that indicate the aspect of the verb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":30549,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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Currently, he's a Professor of Chinese Mandarin in Caltanissetta, while he also keeps studying Japanese and Classic Chinese at the University of Torino.","sameAs":["https:\/\/independent.academia.edu\/ArmandoTurturici","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/armando-alessandro-turturici-a4316ab7\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCnad7mZMifojVZp9LsRy4iQ"],"url":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/author\/armando\/"}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/learnchinesefast.jpg",708,380,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/learnchinesefast-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/learnchinesefast-300x161.jpg",300,161,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/learnchinesefast.jpg",708,380,false],"large":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/learnchinesefast.jpg",708,380,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/learnchinesefast.jpg",708,380,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/learnchinesefast.jpg",708,380,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Armando Turturici","author_link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/author\/armando\/"},"uagb_comment_info":3,"uagb_excerpt":"In the Chinese language, the verb can be followed or preceded by several specific particles that specify its meaning. These specific particles, the majority of the time, are pronounced in the neutral tone. In this article we\u2019ll see the particles that indicate the aspect of the verb.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12980","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12980"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12980\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30549"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12980"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12980"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12980"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}