{"id":12836,"date":"2016-12-29T02:00:23","date_gmt":"2016-12-29T01:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/?p=12836"},"modified":"2022-02-10T11:32:03","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T10:32:03","slug":"comparitives-chinese-language","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/comparitives-chinese-language\/","title":{"rendered":"Comparitives of greater than, equal to and less than in the Chinese language"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/comparatives-chinese.jpg\" title=\"Comparatives in Chinese\" alt=\"Comparatives in Chinese\" width=\"700\" height=\"376\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12810\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>The greater than comparative<\/h2>\n<p>In Chinese there are two ways to form a greater than comparative. <\/p>\n<p>The first, quite simply, is by <strong>inserting adjectives with an opposite meaning<\/strong> in a phrase. In this case, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/adjectives-in-chinese-grammar\/\" >the adjectives have an intrinsic comparative value<\/a>. When using this form of comparative, the intensifier \u5f88 (h\u011bn) &#8211; or any other intensifier &#8211; should not precede the adjective. <\/p>\n<p>This type of comparative doesn&#8217;t have a specific name but is commonly identified by the expression: \u201csimple propositions containing contrasting adjectives\u201d. Here are some examples: <\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u73ed\uff0c\u7537\u5b66\u751f<strong>\u591a<\/strong>\uff0c\u5973\u5b66\u751f<strong>\u5c11<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2men b\u0101n, n\u00e1nxu\u00e9sheng du\u014d, n\u01daxu\u00e9sheng sh\u01ceo.<br \/>\nIn my class there are more male students than female.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u59b9\u59b9\u7684\u623f\u95f4<strong>\u5927<\/strong>\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u623f\u95f4<strong>\u5c0f<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 m\u00e8imei de f\u00e1ngji\u0101n d\u00e0, w\u01d2 de f\u00e1ngji\u0101n xi\u01ceo.<br \/>\nMy little sister&#8217;s room is bigger than mine.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb<strong>\u9ad8<\/strong>\uff0c\u6211\u7238\u7238<strong>\u77ee<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 de p\u00e9ngyou g\u0101o, w\u01d2 b\u00e0ba \u01cei.<br \/>\nMy friend is taller than my dad.<\/p>\n<p>The second way to form the greater than comparative is by applying the following rule:<strong><!--more--><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1st comparative term + \u6bd4 (b\u01d0) + 2nd comparative term + Adjective \/ State <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It is important to keep in mind that even with this rule, intensifiers are not used. Let&#8217;s look at some examples:<\/p>\n<p>\u6211<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u5f1f\u5f1f\u9ad8\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 b\u01d0 d\u00ecdi g\u0101o.<br \/>\nI am taller than my brother.\t\t\t <\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u65e5\u672c\u5927\u3002<br \/>\nZh\u014dnggu\u00f3 b\u01d0 R\u00ecb\u011bn d\u00e0.<br \/>\nChina is larger than Japan.       \t<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u7684\u8eab\u4f53<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u4ee5\u524d\u597d\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 de sh\u0113nt\u01d0 b\u01d0 y\u01d0qi\u00e1n h\u01ceole.<br \/>\nMy health has improved compared to before.<\/p>\n<p>\u5403\u996d<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u505a\u996d\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<br \/>\nCh\u012bf\u00e0n b\u01d0 zu\u00f2f\u00e0n r\u00f3ngy\u00ec.<br \/>\nEating is easier than cooking.  <\/p>\n<p>\u5199\u5b57<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u8ba4\u5b57\u96be\u3002<br \/>\nXi\u011bz\u00ec b\u01d0 r\u00e8nz\u00ec n\u00e1n.<br \/>\nWriting characters is harder than recognizing them.<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u6211\u7231\u5403\u4e2d\u56fd\u996d\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101 b\u01d0 w\u01d2 \u00e0i ch\u012b Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 f\u00e0n.<br \/>\nHe loves eating Chinese food more than I do.<\/p>\n<h3>Specific quantities within the greater than comparative<\/h3>\n<p>When comparing two nouns, it is possible to specify the difference between one and the other. For example: <\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u7238\u7238<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u6211\u5988\u5988<strong>\u5927<\/strong>\u4e09\u5c81\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 b\u00e0ba b\u01d0 w\u01d2 m\u0101ma d\u00e0 s\u0101n su\u00ec.<br \/>\nMy dad is older than my mom by three years.<\/p>\n<p>As you can see by the example, the quantity appears right after the predicative adjective. Here are other examples: <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bbe\u9986<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u90a3\u4e2a\u5bbe\u9986<strong>\u8d35<\/strong>\u5341\u6b27\u5143\u3002<br \/>\nZh\u00e8ge b\u012bngu\u01cen b\u01d0 n\u00e0ge b\u012bngu\u01cen gu\u00ec sh\u00ed \u014cuyu\u00e1n.<br \/>\nThis hotel is more expensive than the one for ten Euros.<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67e0\u6aac<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u90a3\u4e2a\u67e0\u6aac<strong>\u5927<\/strong>\u4e00\u500d\u3002<br \/>\nZh\u00e8ge n\u00edngm\u00e9ng b\u01d0 n\u00e0ge n\u00edngm\u00e9ng d\u00e0 y\u012b b\u00e8i.<br \/>\nThis lemon is double the size of that one.<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u6761\u8def<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u8fd9\u6761\u8def<strong>\u957f<\/strong>\u4e24\u516c\u91cc\u3002<br \/>\nN\u00e0 ti\u00e1o l\u00f9 b\u01d0 zh\u00e8 ti\u00e1o l\u00f9 ch\u00e1ng li\u01ceng g\u014dngl\u01d0.<br \/>\nThat street is two kilometers longer than this one.<\/p>\n<h3>Predicative adjectives  \u65e9\uff0c\u665a\uff0c\u591a e \u5c11 within a greater than comparative<\/h3>\n<p>Now let&#8217;s look in detail at how the predicative adjectives \u65e9 (z\u01ceo) \u201csoon\u201d, \u665a (w\u01cen) \u201clater\u201d, \u591a(du\u014d) \u201cmore\u201d and \u5c11(sh\u01ceo) \u201cless\u201d work within a greater than comparative. These adjectives are always followed by an action verb. Here are some examples: <\/p>\n<p>\u6628\u5929\u5979<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u6211<strong>\u65e9<\/strong>\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002<br \/>\nZu\u00f3ti\u0101n t\u0101 b\u01d0 w\u01d2 z\u01ceo l\u00e1ile y\u012b g\u00e8 xi\u01ceosh\u00ed.<br \/>\nYesterday she arrived an hour before me. <\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\u6211<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u8001\u677f<strong>\u665a<\/strong>\u8d70\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002<br \/>\nJ\u012bnti\u0101n w\u01d2 b\u01d0 l\u1ea1\u030cob\u01cen w\u01cen z\u01d2ule li\u01ceng g\u00e8 xi\u01ceosh\u00ed.<br \/>\nToday I left two hours later than at the start.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eca\u5e74<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u53bb\u5e74<strong>\u591a<\/strong>\u6323\u4e86\u4e00\u5343\u6b27\u5143\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 de p\u00e9ngyou j\u012bnni\u00e1n b\u01d0 q\u00f9ni\u00e1n du\u014d zh\u00e8ngle y\u012b\u0320qi\u0101n \u014cuyu\u00e1n.<br \/>\nThis year my friend earned a thousand Euros more than last year.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u6628\u5929\u770b\u7684\u4e66<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u4eca\u5929\u770b\u7684\u4e66<strong>\u5c11<\/strong>\u4e24\u767e\u9875\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 zu\u00f3ti\u0101n k\u00e0n de sh\u016b b\u01d0 j\u012bnti\u0101n k\u00e0n de sh\u016b sh\u01ceo li\u01cengb\u01cei y\u00e8.<br \/>\nThe book I read today has two hundred pages less than the one I read yesterday.<\/p>\n<h3>Intensifiers in the greater than comparative<\/h3>\n<p>To express the sense of &#8220;even more&#8221;, or &#8220;much more&#8221; within a greater than comparative, there are specific intensifiers that assume fixed positions inside the phrase. Among the most common are \u66f4 (g\u00e8ng); \u8fd8 (h\u00e1i) and \u8fd8\u8981(h\u00e1iy\u00e0o). <\/p>\n<p>These three intensifiers are interchangeable and have a meaning of &#8220;even more&#8221; or &#8220;more&#8221;. These are placed immediately before the adjective or verb. Since they are interchangeable, when the second term is not introduced by \u6bd4, you can exclusively use \u66f4. Let&#8217;s look at some examples: <\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u7238\u7238\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u5988\u5988<strong>\u66f4<\/strong>\u9ad8\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 b\u00e0ba h\u011bn g\u0101o, b\u01d0 m\u0101ma g\u00e8ng g\u0101o.<br \/>\nMy dad is tall, even taller than my mom.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5988\u5988\u9ad8\uff0c\u7238\u7238<strong>\u66f4<\/strong>\u9ad8\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 m\u0101ma g\u0101o, b\u00e0ba g\u00e8ng g\u0101o.<br \/>\nMy mom is tall, but my dad is even taller.<\/p>\n<p>In the last example you can only use \u66f4 because there&#8217;s no \u6bd4.<\/p>\n<p>\u5f97\u591a(d\u00e9 du\u014d); \u591a\u4e86(du\u014d le) and \u5f97\u5f88(deh\u011bn) are also interchangeable, are placed after the predicative adjective or verb and have a meaning of &#8220;even more&#8221;. Here are some examples: <\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u6211\u9ad8<strong>\u5f97\u5f88<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101 b\u01d0 w\u01d2 g\u0101o deh\u011bn.<br \/>\nHe is much taller than I am.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5988\u5988<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u7238\u7238\u7626<strong>\u5f97\u591a<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 m\u0101ma b\u01d0 b\u00e0ba sh\u00f2u de du\u014d.<br \/>\nMy mom is much skinnier than my dad.<\/p>\n<p>To finish this discussion of greater than comparatives, it would be good to introduce two small constructs. They are \u589e\u52a0 (z\u0113ngji\u0101) \u201cto increase \/ grow\u201d and \u964d\u4f4e (ji\u00e0ngd\u012b)  \u201cto lower \/ diminish\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u5de5\u8d44<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u4e0a\u4e2a\u6708\u7684<strong>\u589e\u52a0<\/strong>\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\nZh\u00e8ge yu\u00e8 de g\u014dngz\u012b b\u01d0 sh\u00e0nggeyu\u00e8 de z\u0113ngji\u0101 le.<br \/>\nThis month&#8217;s salary has increased compared to last month.<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u5165\u5b66\u6807\u51c6<strong>\u6bd4<\/strong>\u53bb\u5e74<strong>\u964d\u4f4e<\/strong>\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\nJ\u012bnni\u00e1n de r\u00f9xu\u00e9 bi\u0101ozh\u01d4n b\u01d0 q\u00f9ni\u00e1n ji\u00e0ngd\u012b le.<br \/>\nThis year&#8217;s admissions requests are lower than last year.<\/p>\n<h2>Equal to comparatives<\/h2>\n<p>To indicate two nouns that are similar or equal you should use this formula:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1st comparative term + \u548c (h\u00e9) \/ \u8ddf (g\u0113n) + 2nd comparative term +  \u4e00\u6837 (y\u012by\u00e0ng)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here are a few examples: <\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5929\u6c14<strong>\u548c<\/strong>\u6628\u5929\u7684<strong>\u4e00\u6837<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\nJ\u012bnti\u0101n de ti\u0101nq\u00ec h\u00e9 zu\u00f3ti\u0101n de y\u012by\u00e0ng.<br \/>\nToday&#8217;s weather is similar to yesterday (the second comparative term is omitted here).<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u672c\u8bcd\u5178<strong>\u8ddf<\/strong>\u90a3\u672c\u8bcd\u5178<strong>\u4e00\u6837<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\nZh\u00e8 b\u011bn c\u00eddi\u01cen g\u0113n n\u00e0 b\u011bn c\u00eddi\u01cen y\u012by\u00e0ng.<br \/>\nThis dictionary is identical to that one.<\/p>\n<p>If you want to express that multiple nouns within a phrase or syntagm are identical, all you have to do is use \u4e00\u6837 in its adjectival form, or &#8220;to be identical, to be equal to&#8221; Let&#8217;s look at some examples: <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e09\u672c\u4e66<strong>\u4e00\u6837<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\nZh\u00e8 s\u0101n b\u011bn sh\u016b y\u012by\u00e0ng.<br \/>\nThese three books are identical.\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e09\u4e2a\u83dc<strong>\u4e00\u6837<\/strong>\u5417\uff1f<br \/>\nN\u00e0 s\u0101n g\u00e8 c\u00e0i y\u012by\u00e0ng ma?<br \/>\nAre those three plates equal?<\/p>\n<p>When you want to indicate that two comparative phrases have the same characteristic or property just add an element to the formula mentioned above:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1st comparative term + \u548c (h\u00e9) \/ \u8ddf (g\u0113n) + 2nd comparative term +  \u4e00\u6837 (y\u012by\u00e0ng) + Predicative adjective<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here are some examples: <\/p>\n<p>\u7238\u7238<strong>\u548c<\/strong>\u5988\u5988<strong>\u4e00\u6837<\/strong>\u9ad8\u3002<br \/>\nB\u00e0ba h\u00e9 m\u0101ma y\u012by\u00e0ng g\u0101o.<br \/>\nDad and mom are the same height.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u60f3\u4e70\u4e00\u672c<strong>\u548c<\/strong>\u4f60\u6628\u5929\u4e70\u7684<strong>\u4e00\u6837<\/strong>\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e66\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 xi\u01ceng m\u01cei y\u012b b\u011bn h\u00e9 n\u01d0 zu\u00f3ti\u0101n m\u01cei de y\u012by\u00e0ng y\u01d2uq\u00f9 de sh\u016b.<br \/>\nI intend to buy a book that&#8217;s just as interesting as the one that you bought yesterday.<\/p>\n<p>To indicate that something or someone resembles something or someone else, use the predicative adjective \u50cf \/ \u8c61 (xi\u00e0ng) \u201cto look like\u201d. For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60<strong>\u50cf<\/strong>\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u9a6c\u514b\u3002<br \/>\nN\u01d0 xi\u00e0ng w\u01d2 de p\u00e9ngyou M\u01cek\u00e8.<br \/>\nYou look like my friend Marco.<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba<strong>\u50cf<\/strong>\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5417\uff1f<br \/>\nZh\u014dnggu\u00f3r\u00e9n xi\u00e0ng R\u00ecb\u011bnr\u00e9n ma?<br \/>\nDo the Chinese look like the Japanese?<\/p>\n<p>When you wish to express that multiple nouns within a phrase or syntagm are similar, just use \u50cf \/ \u8c61  in its adjectival form, or &#8220;to be similar to\u201d. For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88<strong>\u50cf<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101men h\u011bn xi\u00e0ng.<br \/>\nThey look like each other.                  <\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u90fd\u5f88<strong>\u8c61<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\nDu\u00ec x\u012bf\u0101ngr\u00e9n l\u00e1i shu\u014dzh\u00f2ng gu\u00f3r\u00e9n d\u014du h\u011bn xi\u00e0ng.<br \/>\nTo Westerners, the Chinese all look alike.<\/p>\n<p>With equal to comparatives, there are at least three ways of forming them that use the character \u50cf. Here they are:  <\/p>\n<p><strong>1st Term + \u50cf \/ \u8c61 + 2nd term +  \u4e00\u6837 + Quality \/ State<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5750\u5730\u94c1<strong>\u50cf<\/strong>\u5750\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66<strong>\u4e00\u6837<\/strong>\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<br \/>\nZu\u00f2d\u00ec ti\u011bxi\u00e0ng zu\u00f2 g\u014dngg\u00f2ng q\u00ecch\u0113 y\u012by\u00e0ng f\u0101ngbi\u00e0n.<br \/>\nTaking the metro is just as comfortable as taking the bus.<\/p>\n<p>\u5b66\u4e2d\u6587<strong>\u8c61<\/strong>\u5b66\u65e5\u8bed<strong>\u4e00\u6837<\/strong>\u6709\u610f\u601d\u3002<br \/>\nXu\u00e9 Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n xi\u00e0ng xu\u00e9 R\u00ecy\u01d4 y\u012by\u00e0ng y\u01d2u y\u00ecsi.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/chinese-courses\/\" >Learning Chinese<\/a> is just as interesting as learning Japanese.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1st Term + \u50cf \/ \u8c61 + 2nd term +  \u8fd9\u4e48 (zh\u00e8me) \/ \u90a3\u4e48 (n\u00e0me) + Quality \/ State<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Attention: when using this form, the second comparative term must already be known.<\/p>\n<p>\u5199\u9646\u5b57<strong>\u50cf<\/strong>\u5199\u8363\u5b57<strong>\u8fd9\u4e48<\/strong>\u96be\u5417\uff1f<br \/>\nXi\u011b l\u00f9 z\u00ec xi\u00e0ng xi\u011b r\u00f3ng z\u00ec zh\u00e8me n\u00e1n ma?<br \/>\nIs writing the character \u201cLu\u201d is just as difficult as writing the character \u201cRong\u201d?<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u7684\u8001\u5e08<strong>\u8c61<\/strong>\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d<strong>\u90a3\u4e48<\/strong>\u5fd9\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 de l\u01ceosh\u012b xi\u00e0ng M\u00e1o zh\u01d4x\u00ed n\u00e0me m\u00e1ng.<br \/>\nMy professor is as busy as Chairman Mao.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1st Term + \u50cf \/ \u8c61 + 2nd term + \u8fd9\u6837 (zh\u00e8y\u00e0ng) \/ \u90a3\u6837 (n\u00e0y\u00e0ng) + Action Verb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5979<strong>\u8c61<\/strong>\u4f60<strong>\u8fd9\u6837<\/strong>\u6e38\u6cf3\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101 xi\u00e0ng n\u01d0 zh\u00e8y\u00e0ng y\u00f3uy\u01d2ng.<br \/>\nShe swims like you do.<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60<strong>\u50cf<\/strong>\u821e\u8e48\u5bb6<strong>\u90a3\u6837<\/strong>\u8df3\u821e\u3002<br \/>\nN\u01d0 xi\u00e0ng w\u1ee5\u030cd\u01ceoji\u0101 n\u00e0y\u00e0ng ti\u00e0ow\u01d4.<br \/>\nYou dance like a ballerina.<\/p>\n<p>Another way of forming an equal to comparative is the following:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1st Term + \u6709 (y\u01d2u) + 2nd term + \u8fd9\u4e48 (zh\u00e8me) \/ \u90a3\u4e48 (n\u00e0me) + Quality \/ State<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This usage implies that the first comparative term has &#8220;reached&#8221; the level of the second comparative term and perhaps even slightly surpassed it, while the use of \u50cf\/\u8c61 implies that the two comparative terms are similar.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u7684\u5b66\u751f<strong>\u6709<\/strong>\u6211<strong>\u8fd9\u4e48<\/strong>\u559c\u6b22\u542c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u97f3\u4e50\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 de xu\u00e9sheng y\u01d2u w\u01d2 zh\u00e8me x\u01d0huan t\u012bng Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 d\u0101ngd\u00e0i y\u012bnyu\u00e8.<br \/>\nMy students like listing to modern <a href=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/chinese-apps-music-tv-movies\/\" >Chinese music<\/a> as much as I do (if not a little bit more\u2026). <\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u592a\u8981\u6211\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<strong>\u6709<\/strong>\u4f60\u7684<strong>\u90a3\u4e48<\/strong>\u8f7b\u677e\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 t\u00e0i y\u00e0o w\u01d2 de g\u014dngzu\u00f2 y\u01d2u n\u01d0 de n\u00e0me q\u012bngs\u014dng.<br \/>\nI wish my workload was as easy as yours.<\/p>\n<p>Another equal to comparative construction is obtained thanks to \u4f3c\u7684 (sh\u00ecde) \u201csimilar to \/ as \/ as if\u201d. This form, which expresses resemblance, is used together with \u50cf \/ \u8c61. The structure is very simple:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1st Term + \u50cf \/ \u8c61 + 2nd Term + \u4f3c\u7684 (sh\u00ecde) + [Quality or Action]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5979\u7684\u8138\u988a<strong>\u50cf<\/strong>\u82f9\u679c<strong>\u4f3c\u7684<\/strong>\u7ea2\u8272\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101 de li\u01cenji\u00e1 xi\u00e0ng p\u00ednggu\u01d2 sh\u00ecde h\u00f3ngs\u00e8.<br \/>\nHis cheeks are as red as an apple.<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\u5929\u6c14<strong>\u8c61<\/strong>\u590f\u5929<strong>\u4f3c\u7684<\/strong>\u70ed\u3002<br \/>\nJ\u012bnti\u0101n ti\u0101nq\u00ec xi\u00e0ng xi\u00e0ti\u0101n sh\u00ecde r\u00e8.<br \/>\nToday it&#8217;s as hot as if it were summer.<\/p>\n<p>There is yet another form of the equal to comparative that is worth mentioning. This form, frequently used in the written and more formal language, makes use of the character \u822c (b\u0101n)and would be equal to the form (\u50cf) &#8230; \u4e00\u6837:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201c&#8230;\u822c\u7684 + Name\u201d or \u201c&#8230;\u822c\u5730 + Verb or Adjective\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u6709\u7740\u5144\u5f1f<strong>\u822c\u7684<\/strong>\u53cb\u8c0a\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 h\u00e9 t\u0101 y\u01d2uzhe xi\u014dngd\u00ec b\u0101n de y\u01d2uy\u00ec.<br \/>\nBetween him and me there&#8217;s a brotherly friendship.<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u5c0f\u5077<strong>\u822c\u5730<\/strong>\u8d70\u8def\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101 xi\u01ceot\u014du b\u0101n de z\u01d2ul\u00f9.<br \/>\nWalk as if you were a thief.<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u5e86\u7684\u59d1\u5a18\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u5973\u795e<strong>\u822c\u7684<\/strong>\u6f02\u4eae\u3002<br \/>\nCh\u00f3ngq\u00ecng de g\u016bniang d\u014du y\u01d2uzhe n\u01dash\u00e9n b\u0101n de pi\u00e0oliang.<br \/>\nThe women of Chongqing are all as beautiful as goddesses.<\/p>\n<h2>Less than comparatives<\/h2>\n<p>In my experience, I&#8217;ve noticed that there is no true less than comparative in Chinese. Furthermore, we can say that to form what we know as the less than comparative, you can <strong>make the greater than or equal to form negative.<\/strong> Let&#8217;s analyze this by means of a few examples.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s begin by negating the greater than comparative by placing \u4e0d (b\u00f9) \u201cno\u201d before \u6bd4. <\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66<strong>\u4e0d\u6bd4<\/strong>\u4f60\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u5c0f\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 de q\u00ecch\u0113 b\u00f9 b\u01d0 n\u01d0 de q\u00ecch\u0113 xi\u01ceo.<br \/>\nMy car is not as small as yours.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211<strong>\u4e0d\u6bd4<\/strong>\u4f60\u6709\u94b1\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 b\u00f9 b\u01d0 n\u01d0 y\u01d2uqi\u00e1n.<br \/>\nI am less wealthy than you are.<\/p>\n<p>Now let&#8217;s try to negate an equal to comparative by using the character \u6709 (y\u01d2u) \u201cto have\u201d. Be careful, to negate this character you can only use the character \u6ca1 (m\u00e9i).<\/p>\n<p>\u6211<strong>\u6ca1\u6709<\/strong>\u4ed6\u9ad8\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 m\u00e9iy\u01d2u t\u0101 g\u0101o.<br \/>\nI&#8217;m not as tall as him.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211<strong>\u6ca1\u6709<\/strong>\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e48\u9ad8\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 m\u00e9iy\u01d2u t\u0101 n\u00e0me g\u0101o.<br \/>\nI am less tall than he is. <\/p>\n<p>Literally, this phrase would be &#8220;I don&#8217;t have his height\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6<strong>\u6ca1\u6709<\/strong>\u4ed6\u8001\u5e08\u806a\u660e\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101 m\u00e9iy\u01d2u t\u0101 l\u01ceosh\u012b c\u014dngming.<br \/>\nHe is not as smart as his professor.<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6<strong>\u6ca1\u6709<\/strong>\u4ed6\u8001\u5e08\u90a3\u4e48\u806a\u660e\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101 m\u00e9iy\u01d2u t\u0101 l\u01ceosh\u012b n\u00e0me c\u014dngming.<br \/>\nHe is not as smart as his professor.<\/p>\n<p>Literally, this phrase would be \u201che doesn&#8217;t have the intelligence of his professor&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>A similar construction is represented by the negation of \u50cf \/ \u8c61 \u201cto be similar to\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211<strong>\u4e0d\u50cf<\/strong>\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e48\u9ad8\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 b\u00f9 xi\u00e0ng t\u0101 zh\u00e8me g\u0101o.<br \/>\nI am not as tall as you are.<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6<strong>\u4e0d\u8c61<\/strong>\u8001\u5e08\u90a3\u4e48\u806a\u660e\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101 b\u00f9 xi\u00e0ng l\u01ceosh\u012b n\u00e0me c\u014dngming.<br \/>\nHe is not as tall as the professor.<\/p>\n<h2>\u5982 e \u4e0d\u5982<\/h2>\n<p>\u5982 (r\u00fa) \u201cto be equal to, like\u201d is more often used in the formal written form than the spoken language. The comparison is made when it used metaphorically. Here are some different examples: <\/p>\n<p>\u5979<strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u82b1\u4e00\u6837\u6f02\u4eae\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101 r\u00fa hu\u0101 y\u1ecb\u0304y\u00e0ng pi\u00e0oliang.<br \/>\nShe is beautiful like a flower.<\/p>\n<p>\u5979<strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u6708\u4eae\u4e00\u6837\u660e\u4eae\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101 r\u00fa yu\u00e8liang y\u1ecb\u0304y\u00e0ng m\u00edngli\u00e0ng.<br \/>\nShe is shining like the Moon.<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6<strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u98de\u673a\u4e00\u6837\u5feb\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101 r\u00fa f\u0113ij\u012b y\u1ecb\u0304y\u00e0ng ku\u00e0i.<br \/>\nHe is fast as a plane.<\/p>\n<p>\u6e56\u6c34<strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u955c\u3002<br \/>\nH\u00fashu\u01d0 r\u00fa j\u00ecng.<br \/>\nThe lake is a mirror.<\/p>\n<p>\u5982 is often found within constructions, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/list-chengyu\/\" >called Chengyu<\/a>,  with 4 characters or 2 character expressions that must be memorized as they are. For example:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u80f6\u4f3c\u6f06<br \/>\nr\u00fa ji\u0101o s\u00ec q\u012b<br \/>\n\u201cstuck together as if they were glued\u201d (for those who love each other) <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u706b\u5982\u837c<br \/>\nr\u00fa hu\u01d2 r\u00fa t\u00fa<br \/>\n\u201cwith momentum\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u5f80\u4e8b<strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u70df<br \/>\nw\u01ceng sh\u00ec r\u00fa y\u0101n<br \/>\n\u201cthe past events have vanished like a cloud of smoke\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u8eab\u8f7b<strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u71d5<br \/>\nsh\u0113n q\u012bng r\u00fa y\u00e0n<br \/>\n\u201clight as a feather\u201d <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u83b7\u81f3\u5b9d<br \/>\nr\u00fa hu\u00f2 zh\u00ec b\u01ceo<br \/>\n\u201ctouch the sky with a finger\u201d (as if finding an inestimable treasure)<\/p>\n<p>\u5bbe\u81f3<strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u5f52<br \/>\nb\u012bn zh\u00ec r\u00fa gu\u012b<br \/>\n\u201cto feel at home\u201d <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u51fa\u4e00\u53e3<br \/>\nr\u00fa ch\u016b y\u012b k\u01d2u<br \/>\n\u201call together\u201d <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u51fa\u4e00\u8f99<br \/>\nr\u00fa ch\u016b y\u012b\u0320 zh\u00e9<br \/>\n\u201cto be flour from the same sack\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u5815\u4e94\u91cc\u96fe\u4e2d<br \/>\nr\u00fa du\u00f2 w\u01d4l\u01d0 w\u00f9zh\u014dng<br \/>\n\u201cto feel lost\u201d (as if in a fog)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u91ca\u91cd\u8d1f<br \/>\nr\u00fa sh\u00ec zh\u00f2ng f\u00f9<br \/>\n\u201cas if relieved of a great weight\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u6570\u5bb6\u73cd<br \/>\nr\u00fa sh\u01d4 ji\u0101 zh\u0113n<br \/>\n\u201cto know like your own pockets\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u9c7c\u5f97\u6c34<br \/>\nr\u00fa y\u00fa d\u00e9 shu\u01d0<br \/>\n\u201chappy as Easter\u201d (like a fish in water)<\/p>\n<p>\u65f6\u95f4<strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u6d41\u6c34<br \/>\nsh\u00edji\u0101n r\u00fa li\u00fashu\u01d0<br \/>\n\u201ctime is like flowing water\u201d (it flows quickly)<\/p>\n<p>\u6829\u6829<strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u751f<br \/>\nx\u1ee5\u030cx\u01d4 r\u00fa sh\u0113ng<br \/>\n\u201crealistic \/ vivid (as life)\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u4e0b<br \/>\nr\u00fa xi\u00e0<br \/>\n\u201cas below\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u4e0a<br \/>\nr\u00fa sh\u00e0ng<br \/>\n\u201cas above\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u4e00<br \/>\nr\u00fa y\u012b<br \/>\n\u201cthe same as before\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u6b64<br \/>\nr\u00fa c\u01d0 \u201cso\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u4eca<br \/>\nr\u00fa j\u012bn<br \/>\n\u201cright now\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982<\/strong>\u5e38<br \/>\nr\u00fa ch\u00e1ng<br \/>\n\u201cas always, as usual\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u5982 (b\u00f9 r\u00fa) \u201cto be less than, to not be like\u201d is used to form the less than comparative when the characteristic being compared is a positive quality.<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60<strong>\u4e0d\u5982<\/strong>\u8001\u5e08\u6f02\u4eae\u3002<br \/>\nN\u01d0 b\u00f9r\u00fa l\u01ceosh\u012b pi\u00e0oliang.<br \/>\nYou&#8217;re not as beautiful as the female professor \/ you&#8217;re less beautiful than the female professor. <\/p>\n<p>\u8001\u5e08<strong>\u4e0d\u5982<\/strong>\u4f60\u806a\u660e\u3002<br \/>\nL\u01ceosh\u012b b\u00f9r\u00fa n\u01d0 c\u014dngming.<br \/>\nThe professor is not as smart as you are \/ the professor is less smart than you are.<\/p>\n<p>Adjectives like &#8220;short&#8221; and &#8220;small&#8221;, just to give two examples, are not considered positive qualities, so we will use the less than comparative with \u6ca1\u6709  and not  \u4e0d\u5982.<\/p>\n<p>\u5988\u5988<strong>\u4e0d\u5982<\/strong>\u7238\u7238\u9ad8\u3002<br \/>\nM\u0101ma b\u00f9 r\u00fa b\u00e0ba g\u0101o.<br \/>\nMy mom is less tall than my dad (\u201ctall\u201d is considered a positive characteristic).<\/p>\n<p>\u7238\u7238<strong>\u4e0d\u5982<\/strong>\u5988\u5988\u77ee\u3002<br \/>\nB\u00e0ba b\u00f9 r\u00fa m\u0101ma \u01cei.<br \/>\nMy dad is not as short as my mom; This can&#8217;t be used because &#8220;short&#8221; is considered a negative characteristic. <\/p>\n<p>If we wanted to form a phrase like that, we would use \u6ca1\u6709:<\/p>\n<p>\u7238\u7238<strong>\u6ca1\u6709<\/strong>\u5988\u5988\u77ee\u3002<br \/>\nb\u00e0ba m\u00e9iy\u01d2u m\u0101ma \u01cei.<br \/>\nMy dad is not as short as my mom.<\/p>\n<p>When an adjective is used in a construction with \u4e0d\u5982 and \u597d (h\u01ceo) \u201cto be good, to be well\u201d, \u597d can be omitted. <\/p>\n<p>\u8c01\u90fd<strong>\u4e0d\u5982<\/strong>\u4ed6<strong>\u597d<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\nShu\u00ed d\u014du b\u00f9r\u00fa t\u0101 h\u01ceo.<br \/>\nNo one is better than him.<\/p>\n<p>\u8c01\u90fd<strong>\u4e0d\u5982<\/strong>\u4ed6\u3002<br \/>\nShu\u00ed d\u014du b\u00f9r\u00fa t\u0101 h\u01ceo.<br \/>\nNo one is better than him.<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5e38\u8bf4\uff1a\u6765\u5f97\u65e9<strong>\u4e0d\u5982<\/strong>\u6765\u5f97\u5de7\u3002\t(\u597d is omitted)<br \/>\nZh\u014dnggu\u00f3r\u00e9n ch\u00e1ng shu\u014d: l\u00e1ide z\u01ceo b\u00f9r\u00fa l\u00e1ide qi\u01ceo.<br \/>\nThe Chinese often say: arriving first is not (good) like arriving on time.<\/p>\n<p>\u62e9\u65e5<strong>\u4e0d\u5982<\/strong>\u649e\u65e5\uff0c\u5c31\u4eca\u5929\u5427\uff01   (\u597d  \u00e8 omesso)<br \/>\nZ\u00e9r\u00ec b\u00f9r\u00fa zhu\u00e0ng r\u00ec, ji\u00f9 j\u012bnti\u0101n ba!<br \/>\nChoosing a date is not (good) like doing it by chance, so let&#8217;s do it today!<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"credits\">Photo Credits: <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/2.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/icon\/cc.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\"\/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/isuannl\/16440075399\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">auspicious words<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/isuannl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Isuann L.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The greater than comparative In Chinese there are two ways to form a greater than comparative. The first, quite simply, is by inserting adjectives with an opposite meaning in a phrase. In this case, the adjectives have an intrinsic comparative value. When using this form of comparative, the intensifier \u5f88 (h\u011bn) &#8211; or any other [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":13333,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[390,66],"class_list":["post-12836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learning-chinese","tag-learn-chinese-sidebar","tag-learn-chinese"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Comparitives of greater than, equal to and less than in the Chinese language<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Click here to understand how to use the comparative greater than, equal to and less than in the Chinese language\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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English Language from the University of Enna Kore, in 2014. Currently, he's a Professor of Chinese Mandarin in Caltanissetta, while he also keeps studying Japanese and Classic Chinese at the University of Torino.","sameAs":["https:\/\/independent.academia.edu\/ArmandoTurturici","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/armando-alessandro-turturici-a4316ab7\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCnad7mZMifojVZp9LsRy4iQ"],"url":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/author\/armando\/"}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/comparatives-chinese.jpg",700,376,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/comparatives-chinese-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/comparatives-chinese-300x161.jpg",300,161,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/comparatives-chinese.jpg",700,376,false],"large":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/comparatives-chinese.jpg",700,376,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/comparatives-chinese.jpg",700,376,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/comparatives-chinese.jpg",700,376,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Armando Turturici","author_link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/author\/armando\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"The greater than comparative In Chinese there are two ways to form a greater than comparative. The first, quite simply, is by inserting adjectives with an opposite meaning in a phrase. In this case, the adjectives have an intrinsic comparative value. When using this form of comparative, the intensifier \u5f88 (h\u011bn) &#8211; or any other&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12836"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12836\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13333"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}