{"id":12756,"date":"2016-12-21T10:00:48","date_gmt":"2016-12-21T09:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/?p=12756"},"modified":"2022-02-03T12:04:03","modified_gmt":"2022-02-03T11:04:03","slug":"adjectives-in-chinese-grammar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/adjectives-in-chinese-grammar\/","title":{"rendered":"How to use adjectives in Chinese grammar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/adjectives-chinese.jpg\" title=\"How to use adjectives in Chinese grammar\" alt=\"How to use adjectives in Chinese grammar\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12763\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Adjectives<\/h2>\n<p>In Chinese, adjectives are called <strong>predicative adjectives<\/strong> because they have an intrinsic predicate value, in other words they posses the value given by the verb &#8220;to be&#8221;. <\/p>\n<p>The adjective \u6f02\u4eae (pi\u00e0oliang), for example, is translated as &#8220;to be beautiful&#8221; (meaning feminine beauty); \u5e05\u6c14 (shu\u00e0iqi) is translated as &#8220;to be handsome\u201d (meaning male beauty), \u65b0 (x\u012bn) as \u201cto be new\u201d, \u65e7 (ji\u00f9) as \u201cto be old\u201d, and so forth.<\/p>\n<p>Having an intrinsic predicate value means that, aside from exceptions, when we have to form a <strong>nominal predicate<\/strong> (she is beautiful, he is skinny), the verb \u201cto be\u201d must not be inserted, as it is already present in the adjective:<\/p>\n<p>\u5979\u6f02\u4eae\u3002<br \/>\nt\u0101 pi\u00e0oliang.<br \/>\nShe is more beautiful.<\/p>\n<p>The phrase, constructed like this, presupposes a comparison or contrast. So that the phrase loses this comparative sense, before the adjective a character called an intensifier would be inserted. There are many intensifiers as we&#8217;ll see later on. The most common one is \u5f88 (h\u011bn), which means \u201cmany\u201d.<strong><!--more--><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Using an intensifier, which is not generally translated, the phrase loses its comparative or contrasting value and therefore becomes neutral:<\/p>\n<p>\u5979<strong>\u5f88<\/strong>\u6f02\u4eae\u3002<br \/>\nt\u0101 h\u011bn pi\u00e0oliang.<br \/>\nShe is beautiful.<\/p>\n<h2>The negation of adjectives<\/h2>\n<p>Negating adjectives is very easy: just substitute the intensifier \u5f88 with the negating adverb  \u4e0d (b\u00f9), which actually means \u201cno \/ not\u201d:<\/p>\n<p>\u5979<strong>\u4e0d<\/strong>\u6f02\u4eae\u3002<br \/>\nt\u0101 b\u00f9 pi\u00e0oliang.<br \/>\nShe is not beautiful.<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u5bb6\u697c<strong>\u4e0d<\/strong>\u65b0\uff0c\u5f88\u65e7\u3002<br \/>\nN\u00e0 ji\u0101 l\u00f3u b\u00f9 x\u012bn, h\u011bn ji\u00f9.<br \/>\nThat building is not new, it is old.<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f<strong>\u4e0d<\/strong>\u8ba4\u771f\u3002<br \/>\nN\u00e0 ge xu\u00e9sheng b\u00f9 r\u00e8nzh\u0113n.<br \/>\nThat student is not diligent. <\/p>\n<h2>Forming questions with adjectives<\/h2>\n<p>There are various ways to form a question in Chinese. We have the question form using \u5417 (ma) which simply consists of putting this character at the end of an affirmative phrase: <\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e2a\u5b66\u6821\u5927<strong>\u5417<\/strong>\uff1f<br \/>\nN\u00e0 ge xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o d\u00e0 ma?<br \/>\nIs that school big? <\/p>\n<p>Another way is by using the following grammatical rule that includes the use of predicative adjectives:<\/p>\n<p>Adjective \u2013 negating adverb \u2013 adjective<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e2a\u5b66\u6821<strong>\u5927\u4e0d\u5927<\/strong>\uff1f<br \/>\nN\u00e0 ge xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o d\u00e0 b\u00f9 d\u00e0?<br \/>\nIs that school big? [Literally: \u201cis that school big or not big?\u201d]<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e2a\u82f9\u679c\u5c0f<strong>\u5417<\/strong>\uff1f<br \/>\nN\u00e0 ge p\u00ednggu\u01d2 xi\u01ceo ma?<br \/>\nIs that apple small?\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e2a\u82f9\u679c<strong>\u5c0f\u4e0d\u5c0f<\/strong>\uff1f<br \/>\nN\u00e0 ge p\u00ednggu\u01d2 xi\u01ceo b\u00f9 xi\u01ceo?<br \/>\nIs that apple small?<\/p>\n<h2>Linking two adjectives<\/h2>\n<p>The adverb \u53c8 (y\u00f2u) can be used to join two adjectives. In English, this particular use can be translated as \u201cboth\u2026 and\u2026\u201d. The character \u53c8 finctions as an adverb, so it is placed immediately to the left of the predicative adjective in the phrase.<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8<strong>\u53c8<\/strong>\u5927<strong>\u53c8<\/strong>\u5e72\u51c0\u3002<br \/>\nN\u00e0 ji\u0101 g\u014dngs\u012b y\u00f2u d\u00e0 y\u00f2u g\u0101nj\u00ecng.<br \/>\nThat factory is both large and clean<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba<strong>\u53c8<\/strong>\u806a\u660e<strong>\u53c8<\/strong>\u5e05\u6c14\u3002<br \/>\nN\u00e0 ge r\u00e9n y\u00f2u c\u014dngming y\u00f2u shu\u00e0iqi.<br \/>\nThat man is both intelligent and good looking.<\/p>\n<h2>Expressing a change in time<\/h2>\n<p>To express a change in time there are various expressions. One of the most common is the following:<\/p>\n<p>\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a (yu\u00e8 l\u00e1i yu\u00e8) + Adjective: \u201calways more\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4e1c\u897f<strong>\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a<\/strong>\u8d35\u3002<br \/>\nD\u014dngxi yu\u00e8 l\u00e1i yu\u00e8 gu\u00ec.<br \/>\nThings are always more expensive.<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba<strong>\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a<\/strong>\u806a\u660e\u3002<br \/>\nN\u00e0 ge r\u00e9n yu\u00e8 l\u00e1i yu\u00e8 c\u014dngming.<br \/>\nThat person is always more intelligent.<\/p>\n<p>Another way for expressing a change is using the formula: <\/p>\n<p>\u8d8a (yu\u00e8) + action verb + \u8d8a (yu\u00e8) + predicative adjective<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6<strong>\u8d8a<\/strong>\u5403<strong>\u8d8a<\/strong>\u80d6\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101 yu\u00e8 ch\u012b yu\u00e8 p\u00e0ng.<br \/>\nThe more he eats, the fatter he gets.<\/p>\n<p>The above construction can be used to form longer phrases. Let&#8217;s take a look at the following examples:<\/p>\n<p>\u82b1<strong>\u8d8a<\/strong>\u5f00<strong>\u8d8a<\/strong>\u5927\uff0c<strong>\u8d8a<\/strong>\u5927<strong>\u8d8a<\/strong>\u6f02\u4eae\u3002<br \/>\nHu\u0101 yu\u00e8 k\u0101i yu\u00e8 d\u00e0, yu\u00e8 d\u00e0 yu\u00e8 pi\u00e0oliang.<br \/>\nThe more the flowers bloom, the bigger they get, the prettier they are.<\/p>\n<p>\u8001\u5e08<strong>\u8d8a<\/strong>\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6<strong>\u8d8a<\/strong>\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u3002<br \/>\nL\u01ceosh\u012b yu\u00e8 shu\u014d, t\u0101 yu\u00e8 b\u00f9 m\u00edngbai.<br \/>\nThe more the professor speaks, the less he understands.<\/p>\n<p>In written form, in place of \u8d8a, you can use the character \u6108 (y\u00f9). For example: <\/p>\n<p>\u82f9\u679c<strong>\u6108<\/strong>\u6210\u719f<strong>\u6108<\/strong>\u597d\u5403\u3002<br \/>\np\u00ednggu\u01d2 y\u00f9 ch\u00e9ngsh\u00fa y\u00f9 h\u01ceo ch\u012b.<br \/>\nThe more mature the apples are the better they are.<\/p>\n<p> \u5979<strong>\u6108<\/strong>\u6765<strong>\u6108<\/strong>\u6f02\u4eae\u3002<br \/>\n t\u0101 y\u00f9 l\u00e1i y\u00f9 pi\u00e0oliang.<br \/>\nShe is always more beautiful.<\/p>\n<p>The change can also be expressed through the use of the modal particle placed at the end, right after the predicative adjective. The particle in question <a href=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/use-particle-chinese-grammar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is the character \u4e86 (le)<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u80d6<strong>\u4e86<\/strong>\uff01<br \/>\nN\u01d0 p\u00e0ng le!<br \/>\nYou got fat!<\/p>\n<p>\u82b1\u7ea2<strong>\u4e86<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\nHu\u0101 h\u00f3ng le.<br \/>\nThe flowers turned red.<\/p>\n<h2>Neither\u2026, nor\u2026 <\/h2>\n<p>In Chinese, a similar construction is easy to make by simply using the character \u4e5f (y\u011b), translatable as &#8220;also&#8221;. The form \u201cneither\u2026, nor \u2026\u201d is formed like this:<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d (b\u00f9) + Predicative adjective + \u4e5f\u4e0d (y\u011b b\u00f9) + Predicative adjective<\/p>\n<p>\u5979<strong>\u4e0d <\/strong>\u80d6<strong>\u4e5f\u4e0d<\/strong>\u7626\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101 b\u00f9 p\u00e0ng y\u011b b\u00f9 sh\u00f2u.<br \/>\nShe is neither fat nor thin.<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6<strong>\u4e0d <\/strong>\u9ad8<strong>\u4e5f\u4e0d<\/strong>\u77ee\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101 b\u00f9 g\u0101o y\u011b b\u00f9 \u01cei.<br \/>\nHe is neither short nor tall.<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u95f4\u623f\u95f4<strong>\u4e0d <\/strong>\u5e72\u51c0<strong>\u4e5f\u4e0d<\/strong>\u810f\u3002<br \/>\nZh\u00e8 ji\u0101n f\u00e1ngji\u0101n b\u00f9 g\u0101nj\u00ecng y\u011b b\u00f9 z\u0101ng.<br \/>\nThis room is neither clean nor dirty.<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u53ea\u72d7<strong>\u4e0d <\/strong>\u574f<strong>\u4e5f\u4e0d<\/strong>\u51f6\u3002<br \/>\nN\u00e0 zh\u012b g\u01d2u b\u00f9 hu\u00e0i y\u011b b\u00f9 xi\u014dng.<br \/>\nThat dog is neither bad nor ferocious.<\/p>\n<h2>Linking more adjectives<\/h2>\n<p>In Chinese there&#8217;s a specific comma called the \u201cdrop comma\u201d. The comma looks like this: \u3001<\/p>\n<p>The drop comma takes on the role of creating &#8220;lists&#8221; or separating elements that connect to each other:<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4e70\u4e86\u68a8\u5b50\u3001\u82f9\u679c\u3001\u897f\u74dc\u3001\u67e0\u6aac\u3001\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 m\u01cei le l\u00edzi, p\u00ednggu\u01d2, x\u012bgu\u0101, n\u00edngm\u00e9ng, d\u011bngdeng.<br \/>\nI bought pears, apples, watermelons, lemons and so on.<\/p>\n<p>\u5979\u6f02\u4eae\u3001\u806a\u660e\u3001\u9ad8\u6311\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101 pi\u00e0oliang, c\u014dngming, g\u0101oti\u01ceo.<br \/>\nShe is beautiful, intelligent, tall and thin.<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u5e05\u6c14\u3001\u806a\u660e\u3001\u9ad8\u5927\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101 shu\u00e0iqi, c\u014dngming, g\u0101od\u00e0.<br \/>\nHe is good-looking, intelligent, big and strong.<\/p>\n<h2>Adjectives used as adverbs<\/h2>\n<p>There are essentially two different ways to create an adverb by using adjectives. The first, quite simply, is by placing the adjective immediately before the verb:<\/p>\n<p>\u5feb\u8d70\uff01<br \/>\nKu\u00e0i z\u01d2u!<br \/>\nWalk fast!\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u5c11\u5403\u5427\uff01<br \/>\nSh\u01ceo ch\u012b ba!<br \/>\nEat less!<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u52aa\u529b\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<br \/>\nN\u00e0ge xu\u00e9sheng n\u01d4l\u00ec xu\u00e9x\u00ed.<br \/>\nThat student studies intently.<\/p>\n<p>\u6162\u6162\u5403\u3002<br \/>\nM\u00e0n m\u00e0n ch\u012b.<br \/>\nEat slowly.<\/p>\n<p>The second way is by having the adverbial particle follow \u5730 (de) the adjective:<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u70ed\u60c5<strong>\u5730<\/strong>\u63a5\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101 r\u00e8q\u00edng de ji\u0113d\u00e0i w\u01d2men.<br \/>\nHe treated us warmly.<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u5feb<strong>\u5730<\/strong>\u8d70\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101 ku\u00e0i de z\u01d2u.<br \/>\nHe walks quickly.<\/p>\n<p>Note that, in many Chinese texts, you might find the adverbial particle \u5730 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">written like this: \u7684 (de)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"credits\">Photo Credits: <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/2.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/icon\/cc.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\"\/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/c-head\/15011795904\/in\/photolist-oSxnVj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Practising Calligraphy<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/c-head\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">c-head<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Adjectives In Chinese, adjectives are called predicative adjectives because they have an intrinsic predicate value, in other words they posses the value given by the verb &#8220;to be&#8221;. The adjective \u6f02\u4eae (pi\u00e0oliang), for example, is translated as &#8220;to be beautiful&#8221; (meaning feminine beauty); \u5e05\u6c14 (shu\u00e0iqi) is translated as &#8220;to be handsome\u201d (meaning male beauty), \u65b0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":13185,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[390,66],"class_list":["post-12756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learning-chinese","tag-learn-chinese-sidebar","tag-learn-chinese"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to use adjectives in Chinese grammar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Complete guide about how to use adjectives in grammar China\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/adjectives-in-chinese-grammar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" 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