{"id":12726,"date":"2016-12-01T03:00:02","date_gmt":"2016-12-01T02:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/?p=12726"},"modified":"2022-02-03T12:06:03","modified_gmt":"2022-02-03T11:06:03","slug":"particle-de-chinese-grammar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/","title":{"rendered":"The particle \u7684 (de) in Chinese grammar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/de-chineseparticle.jpg\" title=\"The particle \u7684 (de) in Chinese grammar\" alt=\"The particle \u7684 (de) in Chinese grammar\" width=\"700\" height=\"376\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12740\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>The determiner and the determined<\/h2>\n<p>In Chinese, elements such as adjectives, specifications and possessives can appear to the <strong>left<\/strong> of other components to specify attributes, modality and characteristics. <\/p>\n<p>These elements are conventionally defined as determiners because they determine the component that proceeds them. The determiners, therefore, specify something from &#8220;something else&#8221;. The component being specified as having certain characteristics is called the determined.  <\/p>\n<p>Between the determiner and the determined you <strong>must<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/resources.allsetlearning.com\/chinese\/grammar\/Structural_particle_%22de%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">insert the particle \u7684 (de)<\/a>. The representation of the particle of determination\u7684  is a characteristic peculiar to the modern Chinese language, rather distant from &#8220;western&#8221; languages for which it is difficult to understand and fully master its usage.<\/p>\n<p> We&#8217;ll therefore try to see it detailed in all aspects. Let&#8217;s start by analyzing the phrase: \u6211\u7684\u4e66 (W\u01d2 de sh\u016b), or \u201cmy book\u201d:<strong><!--more--><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In this phrase, the determiner is \u6211(w\u01d2), \u201cI\u201d, because <strong>it specifies<\/strong> something of the determined \u4e66 (sh\u016b), \u201cbook\u201d: this something specifies to whom the book in question <strong>belongs<\/strong>. \u6211, as a determiner, determines to whom the determined, the book, belongs.  <\/p>\n<p>Here are some examples:<\/p>\n<p>\u5b66\u751f<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u5b66\u6821\u3002<br \/>\nXu\u00e9sheng de xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o.<br \/>\nThe students&#8217; school.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 de q\u00ecch\u0113.<br \/>\nMy automobile.<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u4eec<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u6559\u5ba4\u3002<br \/>\nT\u0101men de ji\u00e0osh\u00ec.<br \/>\nTheir classroom.\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u6211<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u670b\u53cb<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u4e66\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 de p\u00e9ngyou de sh\u016b.<br \/>\nMy friend&#8217;s book.<\/p>\n<p>For convenience well list personal pronouns followed by \u7684:<br \/>\nw\u01d2 de\u6211\u7684 \u201cmy\u201d<br \/>\nn\u01d0 de\u4f60\u7684 \u201cyour\u201d<br \/>\nt\u0101 de \/ t\u0101 de\u4ed6\u7684 \/ \u5979\u7684 \u201chis\u201d; \u201chers\u201d<br \/>\nw\u01d2men de\u6211\u4eec\u7684 \u201cour\u201d<br \/>\nn\u01d0men de\u4f60\u4eec\u7684 \u201cyour\u201d<br \/>\nt\u0101men de \/ t\u0101men de\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684 \/ \u5979\u4eec\u7684 \u201ctheir (male)\u201d; \u201ctheir (female)\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Note that when the determiner signals an intrinsic characteristic of the determined, or where there&#8217;s a very close relationship between the determiner and the determined, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/ba-chinese-grammar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the  particle \u7684 is omitted<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>Here are a few examples:<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u5e86<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u5927\u5b66\u3002<br \/>\nCh\u00f3ngq\u00ecng de d\u00e0xu\u00e9.<br \/>\nChongqing Univeristy.\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u5e86\u5927\u5b66\u3002<br \/>\nCh\u00f3ngq\u00ecng d\u00e0xu\u00e9.<br \/>\nChongqing Univeristy.<\/p>\n<p>\u5b66\u751f<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<br \/>\nXu\u00e9sheng de z\u00e1zh\u00ec.<br \/>\nThe students&#8217; magazines.\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u5b66\u751f\u6742\u5fd7\u3002<br \/>\nXu\u00e9sheng z\u00e1zh\u00ec.<br \/>\nStudent magazines.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u7238\u7238\uff0c\u6211\u5988\u5988\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 b\u00e0ba, w\u01d2 m\u0101ma.<br \/>\nMy dad and my mom.\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u6211\u670b\u53cb\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 l\u01ceosh\u012b, w\u01d2 p\u00e9ngyou.<br \/>\nMy teacher and my friend.<\/p>\n<h2>Adjectives as determiners<\/h2>\n<p>Even adjectives can appear as determiners. The construction remains the same:<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u6f02\u4eae<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u5b66\u751f\u3002<br \/>\nH\u011bn pi\u00e0oliang de xu\u00e9sheng.<br \/>\nThe beautiful student.\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u8d35<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002<br \/>\nH\u011bn gu\u00ec de q\u00ecch\u0113.<br \/>\nThe expensive machine.<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\u5403<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u83dc\u3002<br \/>\nH\u01ceo ch\u012b de c\u00e0i.<br \/>\nThe appetizing food.\t<\/p>\n<p>\u6e05\u6de1\u4e00\u4e9b<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u83dc\u3002<br \/>\nQ\u012bngd\u00e0n y\u012b\u0320xi\u0113 de c\u00e0i.<br \/>\nA little lighter food.<\/p>\n<p>\u806a\u660e<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u8001\u5e08\u3002<br \/>\nC\u014dngming de l\u01ceosh\u012b.<br \/>\nThe intelligent teacher.\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u987d\u76ae<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u3002<br \/>\nW\u00e1np\u00ed de xi\u01ceoh\u00e1izi.<br \/>\nThe naughty kids.<\/p>\n<p>The particle \u7684, even in this case, can be omitted when the predicate adjective used is monosyllabic. Here&#8217;s some examples:<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\u4eba\t\u3002<br \/>\nH\u01ceo r\u00e9n.<br \/>\nGood people.\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u574f\u4eba\u3002<br \/>\nHu\u00e0i r\u00e9n.<br \/>\nBad people.<\/p>\n<p>\u5c0f\u82f9\u679c\u3002<br \/>\nXi\u01ceo p\u00ednggu\u01d2.<br \/>\nThe little apple.\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u82f9\u679c\u3002<br \/>\nD\u00e0 p\u00ednggu\u01d2.<br \/>\nThe big apple.<\/p>\n<p>\u51b7\u6c64\u3002<br \/>\nL\u011bng t\u0101ng.<br \/>\nCold soup.\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u70ed\u6c64\u3002<br \/>\nR\u00e8 t\u0101ng.<br \/>\nHot soup.<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u697c\u3002<br \/>\nG\u0101ol\u00f3u.<br \/>\nTall building.\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u957f\u8def\u3002<br \/>\nCh\u00e1ng l\u00f9.<br \/>\nLong street.<\/p>\n<h2>Verbs as determiners<\/h2>\n<p>Verbs too can be used as determiners in the sense that they can specify &#8220;something&#8221; about the determined. When making a phrase using a verb as a determiner.<\/p>\n<p>The structure is always the same: <strong>Determiner + \u7684 + Determined<\/strong>. Here&#8217;s a few examples: <\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5199<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u4e66\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 xi\u011b de sh\u016b.<br \/>\nThe book I&#8217;m writing.\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5403<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u82f9\u679c\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 ch\u012b de p\u00ednggu\u01d2.<br \/>\nThe apple I&#8217;m eating.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u770b<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u4e66\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 k\u00e0n de sh\u016b.<br \/>\nThe book I&#8217;m reading.\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u8bf4<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u8bdd\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 shu\u014d de hu\u00e0.<br \/>\nThe words I say.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u6628\u5929\u770b<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u4e66\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 zu\u00f3ti\u0101n k\u00e0n de sh\u016b h\u011bn y\u01d2u y\u00ecsi.<br \/>\nThe book I read yesterday is interesting.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u53bb\u5e74\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8ba4\u8bc6<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u73b0\u5728\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6559\u4e2d\u6587\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 q\u00f9ni\u00e1n z\u00e0i Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 r\u00e8nshi de Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3r\u00e9n xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i z\u00e0i Y\u00ecd\u00e0l\u00ec ji\u0101o Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n.<br \/>\nThe Chinese person I met in China last year now teaches Chinese in Italy.<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u522b\u5435<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u8001\u5e08\u662f\u6211<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u5988\u5988\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3002<br \/>\nShu\u014d bi\u00e9 ch\u01ceo de l\u01ceosh\u012b sh\u00ec w\u01d2 de m\u0101ma de p\u00e9ngyou.<br \/>\nThe teacher that saying not to make noise is my mother&#8217;s friend.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eca\u5e74\u8d5a<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u94b1\u4e0d\u591f\u4e70\u4e00\u8f86\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002<br \/>\nW\u01d2 j\u012bnni\u00e1n zhu\u00e0n de qi\u00e1n b\u1ee5\u0300g\u00f2u m\u01cei y\u012b li\u00e0ng q\u00ecch\u0113.<br \/>\nThe money I earned this year is not enough to buy a car.<\/p>\n<h2>Locators as determiners<\/h2>\n<p>Expressions indicating location can also be used to describe a name. When they carry out this function, they precede the name to which they refer. Such expressions, used in this way, become actual determiners and will be immediately followed by \u7684.<\/p>\n<p>Here are some examples: <\/p>\n<p>\u623f\u5b50\u91cc<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u4eba\u3002<br \/>\nF\u00e1ngzi l\u01d0 de r\u00e9n.<br \/>\nPeople at home.\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u623f\u5b50\u540e\u8fb9<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u4eba\u3002<br \/>\nF\u00e1ngzi h\u00f2ubian de r\u00e9n.<br \/>\nThe people behind the house.<\/p>\n<p>\u623f\u5b50\u524d\u8fb9<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u4eba\u3002<br \/>\nF\u00e1ngzi qi\u00e1nbian de r\u00e9n.<br \/>\nThe people in front of the house.<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u524d\u8fb9<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u5b66\u6821\u3002<br \/>\nT\u00fash\u016bgu\u01cen qi\u00e1nbian de xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o.<br \/>\nThe school across from the library.<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5927\u95e8\u524d\u8fb9<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u4eba\u5f88\u591a\u3002<br \/>\nZ\u00e0i d\u00e0m\u00e9n qi\u00e1nbian de r\u00e9n h\u011bn du\u014d.<br \/>\nThere are lots of people at the front door.<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u98df\u5802\u91cc\u5403\u996d<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u4eba\u4e0d\u591a\u3002<br \/>\nZ\u00e0i sh\u00edt\u00e1ng l\u01d0 ch\u012bfan de r\u00e9n b\u00f9 du\u014d.<br \/>\nThere are not many people eating in the cafeteria.<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6211<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u53f3\u624b\u8fb9<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u623f\u95f4\u662f\u5e02\u957f<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u3002<br \/>\nZ\u00e0i w\u01d2 de y\u00f2ush\u01d2u bi\u0101n de f\u00e1ngji\u0101n sh\u00ec sh\u00eczh\u01ceng de b\u00e0ng\u014dngsh\u00ec.<br \/>\nThe room to my right is the mayor&#8217;s office.<\/p>\n<p>\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5b66\u6821\u65c1\u8fb9<strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u9ea6\u5f53\u52b3\u771f\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u53bb\u3002<br \/>\nW\u00e8iy\u00fa xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o p\u00e1ngbi\u0101n de M\u00e0id\u0101ngl\u00e1o zh\u0113n pi\u00e1nyi, w\u01d2men y\u012bngg\u0101i y\u00e0o q\u00f9.<br \/>\nThe McDonalds across from the school is really cheap. We should go there.<\/p>\n<p>Note that, in the written Chinese language \u2013 but at times also in the spoken language, \u2013 you might find the character \u4e4b (zh\u012b) instead of \u7684. The character \u4e4b is directly derived from classical Chinese but has most much of the meaning it once had, such as the verb &#8220;to go&#8221; or as a nominalizer. <\/p>\n<p>It has however kept the particle to insert between the determiner and the determined or in the expressions \u201cbefore\u201d, \u201cafter\u201d, in Chinese  \u4e4b\u524d (zh\u012b qi\u00e1n) and \u4e4b\u540e (zh\u012b h\u00f2u) respectively. <\/p>\n<p><span class=\"credits\">Photo Credits: <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/2.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/icon\/cc.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\"\/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/sunshinetoday168\/1331402288\/in\/photolist-32DMvS-DS9ouk-5YP7fK-9kDZkf-5YZEnc-8pm2cc-RtVWYY-5YZEdD-4tBRHi-4tFUTY-4tBR8g-8nZtBF-4tFUnG-4tFUxN-4tBRuP-4tBREr-4u3R8N-36tDju-4tFV23-4u3Rcj-9mcK9W-qwM9c3-5QgLdb-4tYEdF-Rn6Tnd-9kUPmD-2dJ2GZL-RtVXku-9pW97W-9kE2ru-dYuTyR-24dv6ok-RSGgLi-2mRpoUp-EiE1ZK-8oNo51-dYmbYr-9j9t9y-DUk7g1-2imzoVQ-dYJ4Qz-9kUPqH-9eZR7r-dYuTGD-dYuTDk-dYuTN8-2FK4QM-QqmWyK-9jyFVF-dYuTL6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Lanterns of Chinese food store, Taipei<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/sunshinetoday168\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">SJKen<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The determiner and the determined In Chinese, elements such as adjectives, specifications and possessives can appear to the left of other components to specify attributes, modality and characteristics. These elements are conventionally defined as determiners because they determine the component that proceeds them. The determiners, therefore, specify something from &#8220;something else&#8221;. The component being specified [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":13009,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[390,66],"class_list":["post-12726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learning-chinese","tag-learn-chinese-sidebar","tag-learn-chinese"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The particle \u7684 (de) in Chinese grammar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn all you need to know about how to use the particle \u7684 (de) in the Chinese grammar\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The particle \u7684 (de) in Chinese grammar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn all you need to know about how to use the particle \u7684 (de) in the Chinese grammar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Sapore di Cina\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/flavorofchina\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-12-01T02:00:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-02-03T11:06:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/de-chineseparticle.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Armando Turturici\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@saporedicina\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@saporedicina\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Armando Turturici\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Armando Turturici\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/521cc28a2884f981cf819e67b1f15cb1\"},\"headline\":\"The particle \u7684 (de) in Chinese grammar\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-12-01T02:00:02+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-02-03T11:06:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":979,\"commentCount\":4,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/11\\\/de-chineseparticle.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"_Learn chinese\",\"Learn Chinese\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Learn Chinese\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\\\/\",\"name\":\"The particle \u7684 (de) in Chinese grammar\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/11\\\/de-chineseparticle.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-12-01T02:00:02+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-02-03T11:06:03+00:00\",\"description\":\"Learn all you need to know about how to use the particle \u7684 (de) in the Chinese grammar\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/11\\\/de-chineseparticle.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/11\\\/de-chineseparticle.jpg\",\"width\":700,\"height\":376,\"caption\":\"The particle \u7684 (de) in Chinese grammar\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The particle \u7684 (de) in Chinese grammar\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/\",\"name\":\"Sapore di Cina\",\"description\":\"Learn Chinese, Travel, Study or Work in China and Asia\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"SDC\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Sapore di Cina\",\"alternateName\":\"SDC\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/logo.jpg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":800,\"caption\":\"Sapore di Cina\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/flavorofchina\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/saporedicina\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/saporedicina\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UCl2ssfXqNmOeaY6l470UDlQ\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/521cc28a2884f981cf819e67b1f15cb1\",\"name\":\"Armando Turturici\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/litespeed\\\/avatar\\\/6463d0e76ebee97d01d949339000f1d5.jpg?ver=1777115673\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/litespeed\\\/avatar\\\/6463d0e76ebee97d01d949339000f1d5.jpg?ver=1777115673\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/litespeed\\\/avatar\\\/6463d0e76ebee97d01d949339000f1d5.jpg?ver=1777115673\",\"caption\":\"Armando Turturici\"},\"description\":\"Born in Italy in 1992, he graduated in Chinese and English Language from the University of Enna Kore, in 2014. Currently, he's a Professor of Chinese Mandarin in Caltanissetta, while he also keeps studying Japanese and Classic Chinese at the University of Torino.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/independent.academia.edu\\\/ArmandoTurturici\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/armando-alessandro-turturici-a4316ab7\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UCnad7mZMifojVZp9LsRy4iQ\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.saporedicina.com\\\/english\\\/author\\\/armando\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The particle \u7684 (de) in Chinese grammar","description":"Learn all you need to know about how to use the particle \u7684 (de) in the Chinese grammar","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The particle \u7684 (de) in Chinese grammar","og_description":"Learn all you need to know about how to use the particle \u7684 (de) in the Chinese grammar","og_url":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/","og_site_name":"Sapore di Cina","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/flavorofchina","article_published_time":"2016-12-01T02:00:02+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-02-03T11:06:03+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/de-chineseparticle.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Armando Turturici","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@saporedicina","twitter_site":"@saporedicina","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Armando Turturici","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/"},"author":{"name":"Armando Turturici","@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/#\/schema\/person\/521cc28a2884f981cf819e67b1f15cb1"},"headline":"The particle \u7684 (de) in Chinese grammar","datePublished":"2016-12-01T02:00:02+00:00","dateModified":"2022-02-03T11:06:03+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/"},"wordCount":979,"commentCount":4,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/de-chineseparticle.jpg","keywords":["_Learn chinese","Learn Chinese"],"articleSection":["Learn Chinese"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/","url":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/","name":"The particle \u7684 (de) in Chinese grammar","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/de-chineseparticle.jpg","datePublished":"2016-12-01T02:00:02+00:00","dateModified":"2022-02-03T11:06:03+00:00","description":"Learn all you need to know about how to use the particle \u7684 (de) in the Chinese grammar","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/de-chineseparticle.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/de-chineseparticle.jpg","width":700,"height":376,"caption":"The particle \u7684 (de) in Chinese grammar"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/particle-de-chinese-grammar\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The particle \u7684 (de) in Chinese grammar"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/","name":"Sapore di Cina","description":"Learn Chinese, Travel, Study or Work in China and Asia","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/#organization"},"alternateName":"SDC","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/#organization","name":"Sapore di Cina","alternateName":"SDC","url":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/logo.jpg","width":800,"height":800,"caption":"Sapore di Cina"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/flavorofchina","https:\/\/x.com\/saporedicina","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/saporedicina\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCl2ssfXqNmOeaY6l470UDlQ"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/#\/schema\/person\/521cc28a2884f981cf819e67b1f15cb1","name":"Armando Turturici","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/6463d0e76ebee97d01d949339000f1d5.jpg?ver=1777115673","url":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/6463d0e76ebee97d01d949339000f1d5.jpg?ver=1777115673","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/6463d0e76ebee97d01d949339000f1d5.jpg?ver=1777115673","caption":"Armando Turturici"},"description":"Born in Italy in 1992, he graduated in Chinese and English Language from the University of Enna Kore, in 2014. Currently, he's a Professor of Chinese Mandarin in Caltanissetta, while he also keeps studying Japanese and Classic Chinese at the University of Torino.","sameAs":["https:\/\/independent.academia.edu\/ArmandoTurturici","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/armando-alessandro-turturici-a4316ab7\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCnad7mZMifojVZp9LsRy4iQ"],"url":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/author\/armando\/"}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/de-chineseparticle.jpg",700,376,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/de-chineseparticle-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/de-chineseparticle-300x161.jpg",300,161,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/de-chineseparticle.jpg",700,376,false],"large":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/de-chineseparticle.jpg",700,376,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/de-chineseparticle.jpg",700,376,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/de-chineseparticle.jpg",700,376,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Armando Turturici","author_link":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/author\/armando\/"},"uagb_comment_info":4,"uagb_excerpt":"The determiner and the determined In Chinese, elements such as adjectives, specifications and possessives can appear to the left of other components to specify attributes, modality and characteristics. These elements are conventionally defined as determiners because they determine the component that proceeds them. The determiners, therefore, specify something from &#8220;something else&#8221;. The component being specified&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12726","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12726"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12726\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13009"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12726"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12726"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saporedicina.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12726"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}